scholarly journals Small Triple-Band Meandered PIFA for Brain-Implantable Biotelemetric Systems: Development and Testing in a Liquid Phantom

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nikta Pournoori ◽  
Lauri Sydänheimo ◽  
Yahya Rahmat-Samii ◽  
Leena Ukkonen ◽  
Toni Björninen
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Human Head ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Implantable Antennas ◽  
Triple Band

We present a meandered triple-band planar-inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for integration into brain-implantable biotelemetric systems. The target applications are wireless data communication, far-field wireless power transfer, and switching control between sleep/wake-up mode at the Medical Device Radiocommunication Service (MedRadio) band (401–406 MHz) and Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands (902–928 MHz and 2400–2483.5 MHz), respectively. By embedding meandered slots into the radiator and shorting it to the ground, we downsized the antenna to the volume of 11 × 20.5 × 1.8 mm3. We optimized the antenna using a 7-layer numerical human head model using full-wave electromagnetic field simulation. In the simulation, we placed the implant in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at a depth of 13.25 mm from the body surface, which is deeper than in most works on implantable antennas. We manufactured and tested the antenna in a liquid phantom which we replicated in the simulator for further comparison. The measured gain of the antenna reached the state-of-the-art values of −43.6 dBi, −25.8 dBi, and −20.1 dBi at 402 MHz, 902 MHz, and 2400 MHz, respectively.

Relaxation Time Effect on the Human Head Using the Thermal Wave Model

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni K. Tullius ◽  
Yildiz Bayazitoglu
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Human Head ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioheat Transfer ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Brain

The most common electronics used by the vast majority of the world’s population emit low radio frequencies and they may be harmful to both skin and brain tissue. The bio-heat transfer model is numerically solved to predict the time dependent temperature distribution of micro waves as it emits to the brain caused by everyday electronics in order to understand the effects the waves have on our organs. A time dependent finite difference technique is used to model a multilayer system depicting this external heat source passing through skin, bone, and into the brain. This model accounts for the extra heat generated within the body from the chemical reactions of the tissue, whereas pervious work took this heat sources to be negligible. A relaxation time is also included in the bioheat transfer model in order to account for the response time the tissue takes caused by the perturbation. Most studies neglect this parameter. Parameters for the adult and child head model are compared. The manuscript is aimed to understand the potential threats on the human body caused by everyday use of the technologies such as Ipods, cellular phones, bluetooth’s, etc.

Design of Implantable Antennas for Medical Telemetry

2014 ◽  
pp. 585-601
Author(s):  
Asimina Kiourti ◽  
Konstantina S. Nikita
Keyword(s):  
Human Head ◽  
Dielectric Parameter ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Implantable Antennas ◽  
Implantable Antenna ◽  
Medical Telemetry ◽  
Difference Time ◽  
Insight Into

Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) with wireless telemetry functionalities in the radio-frequency (RF) range are recently attracting significant scientific interest for medical prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. One of the most crucial challenges for IMDs is the design of the integrated implantable antenna which enables bidirectional wireless communication between the IMD and exterior monitoring/control equipment. In this paper, a parametric model of a miniature implantable antenna is initially proposed, which can be adjusted to suit any antenna design and implantation scenario requirements in hand. Dependence of the resonance, radiation, and safety performance of implantable antennas upon (a) operation frequency, (b) tissue anatomy and dielectric properties, and (c) implantation site is further studied. Simulations are carried out: (a) at 402, 433, 868 and 915 MHz considering a 13-tissue anatomical head model, (b) at 402 MHz considering five head models (3- and 5-layer spherical, 6-, 10- and 13-tissue anatomical) and seven dielectric parameter scenarios (variations ±20% in the reference permittivity and conductivity values), and (c) at 402 MHz considering 3-layer canonical models of the human head, arm, and trunk. The study provides valuable insight into the design of implantable antennas. Finite Element and Finite Difference Time Domain numerical solvers are used.

Effects of Attached Body on Biomechanical Response of the Helmeted Human Head Under Blast

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salimi Jazi ◽  
A. Rezaei ◽  
G. Karami ◽  
F. Azarmi ◽  
M. Ziejewski
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Dynamic Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Head Neck

The results of a computational study on the effect of the body on biomechanical responses of a helmeted human head under various blast load orientations are presented in this work. The focus of the work is to study the effects of the human head model boundary conditions on mechanical responses of the head such as variations of intracranial pressure (ICP). In this work, finite element models of the helmet, padding system, and head components are used for a dynamic nonlinear analysis. Appropriate contacts and conditions are applied between different components of the head, pads and helmet. Blast is modeled in a free space. Two different blast wave orientations with respect to head position are set, so that, blast waves tackle the front and back of the head. Standard trinitrotoluene is selected as the high explosive (HE) material. The standoff distance in all cases is one meter from the explosion site and the mass of HE is 200 grams. To study the effect of the body, three different boundary conditions are considered; the head-neck model is free; the base of the neck is completely fixed; and the head-neck model is attached to the body. Comparing the results shows that the level of ICP and shear stress on the brain are similar during the first five milliseconds after the head is hit by the blast waves. It explains the fact that the rest of the body does not have any contribution to the response of the head during the first 5 milliseconds. However, the conclusion is just reasonable for the presented blast situations and different blast wave incidents as well as more directions must be considered.

Design of Wireless Power-Meter Reading Data Collector Based on CC2430

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Chen ◽  
Jian Xi Gu ◽  
Wen Xiang Bu
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Power Meter ◽  
Data Collector ◽  
Wireless Data Acquisition

While large-scale smart electricity meters are going to be applied, it is difficult to solve the problem of acquisition data of smart electricity meters and in order to design a convenient installation and maintenance, low power consumption and reliable data collection terminal, a design of wireless data acquisition system base on wireless network is proposed according to the development of wireless technology. The system used CC2430 as the core controller to process power data and performs intelligent control. Using the technology of Zigbee short-range wireless communication for data transmission, the wiring complexity of the project has been reduced, the reliability of data communication has been improved, and power consumption has been reduced. The results show that the terminal is normal and reliable.

Design of Implantable Antennas for Medical Telemetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asimina Kiourti ◽  
Konstantina S. Nikita
Keyword(s):  
Human Head ◽  
Dielectric Parameter ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Implantable Antennas ◽  
Implantable Antenna ◽  
Medical Telemetry ◽  
Difference Time ◽  
Insight Into

Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) with wireless telemetry functionalities in the radio-frequency (RF) range are recently attracting significant scientific interest for medical prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. One of the most crucial challenges for IMDs is the design of the integrated implantable antenna which enables bidirectional wireless communication between the IMD and exterior monitoring/control equipment. In this paper, a parametric model of a miniature implantable antenna is initially proposed, which can be adjusted to suit any antenna design and implantation scenario requirements in hand. Dependence of the resonance, radiation, and safety performance of implantable antennas upon (a) operation frequency, (b) tissue anatomy and dielectric properties, and (c) implantation site is further studied. Simulations are carried out: (a) at 402, 433, 868 and 915 MHz considering a 13-tissue anatomical head model, (b) at 402 MHz considering five head models (3- and 5-layer spherical, 6-, 10- and 13-tissue anatomical) and seven dielectric parameter scenarios (variations ±20% in the reference permittivity and conductivity values), and (c) at 402 MHz considering 3-layer canonical models of the human head, arm, and trunk. The study provides valuable insight into the design of implantable antennas. Finite Element and Finite Difference Time Domain numerical solvers are used.

scholarly journals SAR in human head model due to resonant wireless power transfer system

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (s2) ◽  
pp. S739-S746
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Liu ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Xianjin Song
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer System ◽  
Human Head Model

Design of automatic recharging system of robot based on RFID radio frequency technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Upper Computer ◽  
Better Than

Background: In order to study the interference of wired transmission mode on robot motion, a mobile robot attitude calculation and debugging system based on radio frequency (RF) technology is proposed. Methods: Microcontroller STM32 has been used as the control core for the attitude information of the robot by using MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer. The optimal attitude Angle of the robot is calculated through nRF24L01 which is the core of the wireless communication module, attitude acquisition module and wireless data communication upper computer application platform. Results: The results shows that the positioning accuracy is better than±5mm. Conclusion: The experimental results show that the proposed attitude solving and debugging system of mobile robot based on RF technology has better reliability and real-time performance. The propped model is convenient for debugging of mobile robot system and has certain engineering application value.

An Efficient, Secure, and Queryable Encryption for NoSQL-Based Databases Hosted on Untrusted Cloud Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Alenezi ◽  
Muhammad Usama ◽  
Khaled Almustafa ◽  
Waheed Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Query Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Nosql Databases ◽  
High Concern ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Secure Query Processing ◽  
Security Concern

NoSQL-based databases are attractive to store and manage big data mainly due to high scalability and data modeling flexibility. However, security in NoSQL-based databases is weak which raises concerns for users. Specifically, security of data at rest is a high concern for the users deployed their NoSQL-based solutions on the cloud because unauthorized access to the servers will expose the data easily. There have been some efforts to enable encryption for data at rest for NoSQL databases. However, existing solutions do not support secure query processing, and data communication over the Internet and performance of the proposed solutions are also not good. In this article, the authors address NoSQL data at rest security concern by introducing a system which is capable to dynamically encrypt/decrypt data, support secure query processing, and seamlessly integrate with any NoSQL- based database. The proposed solution is based on a combination of chaotic encryption and Order Preserving Encryption (OPE). The experimental evaluation showed excellent results when integrated the solution with MongoDB and compared with the state-of-the-art existing work.

scholarly journals Electro-Quasistatic Animal Body Communication for Untethered Rodent Biopotential Recording

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreeya Sriram ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Matthew P. Ward ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Current State ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Biopotential Recording

AbstractContinuous multi-channel monitoring of biopotential signals is vital in understanding the body as a whole, facilitating accurate models and predictions in neural research. The current state of the art in wireless technologies for untethered biopotential recordings rely on radiative electromagnetic (EM) fields. In such transmissions, only a small fraction of this energy is received since the EM fields are widely radiated resulting in lossy inefficient systems. Using the body as a communication medium (similar to a ’wire’) allows for the containment of the energy within the body, yielding order(s) of magnitude lower energy than radiative EM communication. In this work, we introduce Animal Body Communication (ABC), which utilizes the concept of using the body as a medium into the domain of untethered animal biopotential recording. This work, for the first time, develops the theory and models for animal body communication circuitry and channel loss. Using this theoretical model, a sub-inch$$^3$$ 3 [1″ × 1″ × 0.4″], custom-designed sensor node is built using off the shelf components which is capable of sensing and transmitting biopotential signals, through the body of the rat at significantly lower powers compared to traditional wireless transmissions. In-vivo experimental analysis proves that ABC successfully transmits acquired electrocardiogram (EKG) signals through the body with correlation $$>99\%$$ > 99 % when compared to traditional wireless communication modalities, with a 50$$\times$$ × reduction in power consumption.

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