scholarly journals Construction of Quality Virtual Backbones with Link Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Xinyu Liang ◽  
Jiarong Liang ◽  
Weiguang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Signal Interference ◽  
Unit Disk Graph ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Edge Fault Tolerance

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are extensively utilized in various circumstances. For applications, the construction of the virtual backbones (VBs) of WSNs has attracted considerable attention in this field. Generally, a homogeneous WSN is formulated as a unit disk graph (UDG), and the VB of the corresponding WSN is modeled as a connected dominating set (CDS) in the UDG. In certain applications, communication between sensors in a network may fail for various reasons, such as sensor movement, signal interference, and the appearance of obstacles. Consequently, a CDS in a UDG should possess fault tolerance on the edges. In this paper, we introduce a new concept called the 2 edge-connected 2 edge-dominating set ( 2 , 2 -ECDS); then, we design an approximation algorithm for computing 2 , 2 -ECDSs in UDGs, the performance ratio of which is 30.51. By means of simulations, we compare our algorithm and existing algorithms in terms of the CDS size, running time, success rate, and network lifetime. The simulation results indicate that our algorithm exhibits better performance and is more suitable for constructing a VB with edge fault tolerance in a WSN.

scholarly journals Energy Measure Semigraph-Based Connected Edge Domination Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suriya Praba ◽  
T. Sethukarasi ◽  
S. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Virtual Backbone ◽  
Np Hard Problem

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), batteries are used as power source which is limited, and replacement of the battery is difficult. Since communication between nodes consumes most of the node power, topology-based power control is essential for reducing energy consumption. It is necessary to use optimized topology-based energy control model, so the selected nodes are used to generate a virtual backbone, which reduces unwanted routing of data. The virtual backbone for optimized topology can be created by connected dominating set (CDS) of graph theory. However, generating the virtual backbone by using the CDS algorithm is an NP-hard problem because of larger network size. To overcome this problem, in this paper, a novel distributed connected edge dominating set-based semigraph model (S-CEDS) is proposed. The performance ratio of the proposed S-CEDS is measured as (4 + ln∆′) |opt|, where |opt| represents the network size. The proposed S-CEDS is implemented using the ns-2 simulator and evaluated with conventional routing protocols such as AODV and DSDV. The results show that the proposed S-CEDS approach increases throughput and network lifetime. Also, it reduces energy consumption and average number of hops required for data transmission.

Fault Tolerant Reliable Protocol (FTRP) Performance Evaluation in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Extensitive Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Good Performer ◽  
Wide Range

Fault Tolerant Reliable Protocol (FTRP) is proposed as a novel routing protocol designed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). FTRP offers fault tolerance reliability for packet exchange and support for dynamic network changes. The key concept used is the use of node logical clustering. The protocol delegates the routing ownership to the cluster heads where fault tolerance functionality is implemented. FTRP utilizes cluster head nodes along with cluster head groups to store packets in transient. In addition, FTRP utilizes broadcast, which reduces the message overhead as compared to classical flooding mechanisms. FTRP manipulates Time to Live values for the various routing messages to control message broadcast. FTRP utilizes jitter in messages transmission to reduce the effect of synchronized node states, which in turn reduces collisions. FTRP performance has been extensively through simulations against Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Optimized Link State (OLSR) routing protocols. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Aggregate Throughput and End-to-End delay (E-2-E) had been used as performance metrics. In terms of PDR and aggregate throughput, it is found that FTRP is an excellent performer in all mobility scenarios whether the network is sparse or dense. In stationary scenarios, FTRP performed well in sparse network; however, in dense network FTRP’s performance had degraded yet in an acceptable range. This degradation is attributed to synchronized nodes states. Reliably delivering a message comes to a cost, as in terms of E-2-E. results show that FTRP is considered a good performer in all mobility scenarios where the network is sparse. In sparse stationary scenario, FTRP is considered good performer, however in dense stationary scenarios FTRP’s E-2-E is not acceptable. There are times when receiving a network message is more important than other costs such as energy or delay. That makes FTRP suitable for wide range of WSNs applications, such as military applications by monitoring soldiers’ biological data and supplies while in battlefield and battle damage assessment. FTRP can also be used in health applications in addition to wide range of geo-fencing, environmental monitoring, resource monitoring, production lines monitoring, agriculture and animals tracking. FTRP should be avoided in dense stationary deployments such as, but not limited to, scenarios where high application response is critical and life endangering such as biohazards detection or within intensive care units.

An Obstacle-resistant Relay Node Placement in Constrained Environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Verma ◽  
Virender Ranga
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Relay Node Placement ◽  
Node Placement ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Additional Hardware ◽  
Shape And Size

Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks for constrained environment is a critical task due to various unavoidable constraints. One of the most important constraints is unpredictable obstacles. Handling obstacles during relay node placement is complicated because of complexity involved to estimate the shape and size of obstacles. This paper presents an Obstacle-resistant relay node placement strategy (ORRNP). The proposed solution not only handles the obstacles but also estimates best locations for relay node placement in the network. It also does not involve any additional hardware (mobile robots) to estimate node locations thus can significantly reduce the deployment costs. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

A Small World Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 828-833
Author(s):  
Wen Jun Xu ◽  
Li Juan Sun ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Ru Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Small World ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Network Diameter ◽  
Simulation Results

In order to reduce the average path length of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and save the energy, in this paper, the concept of the small world is introduced into the routing designs of WSNs. So a new small world routing protocol (SWRP) is proposed. By adding a few short cut links, which are confined to a fraction of the network diameter, we construct a small world network. Then the protocol finds paths through recurrent propagations of weak and strong links. The simulation results indicate that SWRP reduces the energy consumption effectively and the average delay of the data transmission, which leads to prolong the lifetime of both the nodes and the network.

Performance Analysis of OQPSK Signals with Bi-Kappa Noise for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 957-960
Author(s):  
Qiao Ling Du ◽  
Zhi Rui Wang ◽  
Yu Pei ◽  
Yi Ding Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Fading Channel ◽  
Rayleigh Fading ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Channel Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper investigates the performance analysis of OQPSK in HF band for wireless sensor networks. An analytical model for getting symbol error rate (SER) is given in presence of Bi-Kappa noise in HF band. And the SER of OQPSK is given in AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel. Simulation results HF noise as Bi-Kappa noise should be investigated in HF band for WSN.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document