scholarly journals Effect of Third-Generation Beta Blockers on Weight Loss in a Population of Overweight-Obese Subjects in a Controlled Dietary Regimen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Alessandra Gammone ◽  
Konstantinos Efthymakis ◽  
Nicolantonio D’Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Chronic Medication

Background. Overweight and obesity often develop in individuals with genetic susceptibility and concomitant risk factors; however, medications can represent precipitating factors in some cases: evidence suggests that some antihypertensive drugs can adversely affect energy homeostasis and metabolism. Aim. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether long-term therapy with a beta blocker impairs weight loss during a period of appropriate personalized hypocaloric diet and standardized physical activity in overweight and obese hypertensive patients in monotherapy and without comorbidities, compared to other antihypertensive drugs and to a control group not taking antihypertensive therapy. Subjects and Methods. We enrolled overweight and obese patients taking antihypertensive drugs; subjects were divided into 3 groups: those taking traditional beta blockers (bB group), those taking third-generation beta blockers (bB-3 group), and those taking other antihypertensive drugs (non-bB group). We also enrolled subjects receiving neither antihypertensive therapy nor other chronic medication in the prior 12 months as controls. All subjects underwent personalized hypocaloric diets for a period of 24 months with monthly follow-up. Anthropometric parameters were measured at enrollment and then monthly after diet prescription. Glucose and lipid values were assessed at baseline and at 12 and 24 months during dietary regimen. Results. We enrolled a total of 120 overweight and obese patients aged 50.30 ± 1.13 years (mean ± standard deviation) with a mean BMI of 31.79 ± 0.65 kg/m2; 90 were taking antihypertensive drugs (no comorbidity and no polytherapy), while 30 subjects receiving neither antihypertensive therapy nor other chronic medication in the prior 12 months were considered as controls. After 6 months, the percent total weight loss (TWL%) was lower in the bB group (3.62 ± 1.96 versus 5.27 ± 1.76 in the bB-3 group, versus 5.15 ± 1.30 in the non-bB group, and versus 4.70 ± 0.87 in the control group), as well as their BMI. After 24 months, we kept finding the worst result in the bB group (TWL% = 9.22 ± 2.19 versus 12.79 ± 1.72 in the non-bB group and 12.28 ± 1.97 in the control group) with the best trend in the bB-3 group (TWL% = 16.19 ± 2.67).

scholarly journals INSTRUMENTAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION CORRECTION IN PREGNANTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Heryak ◽  
I. Ye. Humenna
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness

<p><strong>Background</strong>. According to the WHO, hypertension is associated with 20-33 % of maternal death during pregnancy within extragenital pathology statistics. There are complications of the fetus and newborn associated with hypertension at 140/90 mm Hg and higher.<br /><strong>Objective.</strong> A comparative analysis of antihypertensive therapy effectiveness in pregnants with arterial hypertension was performed using modern clinical and instrumental methods of endothelial function diagnostic, central and utero-placental hemodynamic estimation.<br /><strong>Methods.</strong> We examined 63 pregnant women with hypertension at 28 to 32 weeks of gestation. Women were randomized into three groups:group I (control group – 20 women), that included pregnant women with hypertension treated with basic antihypertensive therapy as recommended by Health Ministry of Ukraine standards (metildofa and nifedipin); group II – 21 pregnant women receiving metildofa and metoprolol; group III (22 pregnant women) receiving metildofa and nebivolol.<br /><strong>Conclusions.</strong> It was found that the brachial artery ultrasound measuring and occlusive plethysmography procedure by Dietz is an early and safe method of endothelial dysfunction diagnostic in pregnants with hypertension. Doppler ultrasound of blood flow in uterine, umbilical arteries, and middle cerebral arteries of the fetus allows timely diagnosis of the side effect of antihypertensive drugs on the fetus. The therapy of choice for pregnants with Stage II Arterial Hypertension should be based on methyldopa and calcium channel antagonists or selective beta-blockers combination. Highly selective beta-blockers with vasodilative effect (nebivolol hydrochloride) and L-arginine (Tivortin) allow to prevent perinatal adverse effects of antihypertensive therapy, to correct hemodynamic disorders and endothelial dysfunction in pregnants with arterial hypertension.</p><p><br /><strong>KEY WORDS:</strong> arterial hypertension, uterine-placental hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction</p>

Platelet Functions are Decreased in Obesity and Restored after Weight Loss: Evidence for a Role of the SERCA3-Dependent ADP Secretion Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (03) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziane Elaïb ◽  
Jose Lopez ◽  
Muriel Coupaye ◽  
Kevin Zuber ◽  
Yann Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Secretion Pathway ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Platelet Functions

AbstractIn obesity, platelets are described as hyperactive, mainly based on increased platelet size and presence of pro-thrombotic plasmatic molecules. We explored platelet functions, including calcium signalling in obesity, and the effect of weight loss. We included 40 obese patients (women with body mass index [BMI] of ≥ 35 kg/m2) who were to undergo gastric bypass surgery and 40 healthy lean subjects (women with BMI of < 25 kg/m2) as a control group. Approximately 1 year after surgery, the obese patients lost weight (75% had a BMI < 35 kg/m2). They were explored a second time with the same healthy control for the same platelet experiments. Compared with controls, obese patients' platelets displayed reduced sensitivity to thrombin (aggregation EC50 increased by 1.9 ± 0.3-fold, p = 0.005) and a lower Ca2+ response (70 ± 7% decrease, p < 10−4). In 17 pairs of patients, we performed additional experiments: in obese patients' platelets, thrombin-induced αIIbβ3 activation was significantly lower (p = 0.003) and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA3) expression was decreased (48 ± 6% decrease, p < 10−4). These differences were abolished after weight loss. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of SERCA3 activity in control group's platelets mimicked similar alterations than in obese patients' platelets and was associated with defective adenosine diphosphate (ADP) secretion. Addition of ADP to agonist restored platelet functions in obese patients and in SERCA3-inhibited control platelets (five experiments) confirming the direct involvement of the SERCA3-dependent ADP secretion pathway. This is the first study demonstrating that platelets from obese patients are hypo-reactive, due to a deficiency of SERCA3-dependent ADP secretion. Weight loss restores SERCA3 activity and subsequent calcium signalling, αIIbβ3 activation, platelet aggregation and ADP secretion.

scholarly journals SUN-LB115 Is the Stepping-Down Approach a Better Option Than Multiple Daily Injections in Patients With Chronic Poorly-Controlled Diabetes on Advanced Insulin Therapy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soe Naing ◽  
Geeta Ramesh ◽  
Jasmine Garcha ◽  
Anupama Poliyedath ◽  
Stutee Khandelwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Daily Insulin ◽  
Combined Use

Abstract In the traditional step-up approach, patients with poorly-controlled T2DM are eventually advanced to multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). However, some on advanced insulin therapy (AIT) continue to have poor control due to poor compliance with MDI and fear of insulin-induced weight gain. The recent guidelines recommend the use of anti-hyperglycemic agents with weight loss benefits, such as SGLT2i or GLP1 RA, with basal insulin before the patients are advanced to MDI. Objective: To determine if de-escalating from AIT to the combined use of metformin, SGLT2i, GLP1 RA and basal insulin by using the stepping-down approach is a better option than MDI in obese patients with poorly- controlled T2DM on AIT. Research Design: This pilot, prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group trial enrolled 22 obese patients with T2DM on AIT, who had BMI ≥30 kg/m2, A1c &gt;8% and eGFR &gt;45. Patients were randomized to either intervention (Step-Down) or control (MDI) group. In the control group, the patient was advised to remain on MDI. In the intervention group, all prandial insulin injections were discontinued; but the patient remained on the basal insulin and metformin to which SGLT2i, Empagliflozin, and GLP1 RA, Dulaglutide, were added. They were followed up for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was A1c change and secondary outcomes were the change in fasting BG, weight, BP, HR, fasting lipids, serum Na and K, serum Cr, liver enzymes, CBC and Diabetes Medications Satisfaction (DM-SAT) scores at 16 weeks. Results: There was no difference in A1c between 2 groups (10.36% vs 9.69%;p=0.171) at baseline. However, A1c was significantly lower at 4 weeks (9.54% vs 7.31%; p=0.0088) and 16 weeks (9.7% vs 8.25%; p&lt;0.001) in intervention group (n=10). Compared to baseline, in the control group (n=8), there was no significant change at secondary outcome variables except slightly higher SBP at 16 weeks. In intervention group, compared to baseline, there was a significant decrease in weight (-16.38 Lbs; p=0.003), BMI (-3.06; p&lt;0.001), LDL cholesterol (-15.7 mg/d; p=0.0378), total cholesterol (-18.5 mg/dL; p=0.0386), total daily insulin dose (-57.3 units; p&lt;0.001) and a significant improvement in DM-SAT patient satisfaction 0-100 scores - total score (+45.3; p &lt;0.001) and subscale scores (Convenience +35.28, p =0.019; Lifestyle +35.8, p=0.0052; Medical control +51.3, p&lt;0.001; Wellbeing +47.2,p=0.0091) at 16 weeks. Conclusions: De-escalating from AIT to the combined use of metformin, SGLT2i, GLP1 RA and basal insulin in obese patients with poorly-controlled T2DM by using the stepping-down approach results in the significant improvement in glycemic control, weight loss, and significantly higher patient satisfaction. This noble stepping-down approach may be a better option than continuing MDI in such patients. This pilot study result needs to be confirmed with a larger trial. ClinicalTrials ID: NCT02846233

scholarly journals Use of Technology-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Patients with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3634
Author(s):  
Lorena Rumbo-Rodríguez ◽  
Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo ◽  
Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo ◽  
Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez ◽  
Rosario Ferrer-Cascales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Personal Digital Assistant ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Different Types

Introduction: Obesity is one of the most important health problems worldwide. The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in the last decades and is now recognized as a global epidemic. Given the dramatic consequences of obesity, new intervention approaches based on the potential of technologies have been developed. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and MedLine databases to assess how different types of technologies may play an important role on weight loss in obese patients. Results: Forty-seven studies using different types of technologies including smartphones, app, websites, virtual reality and personal digital assistant were included in the review. About half of interventions (47%) found a significant effect of the technology-based interventions for weight lost in obese patients. The provision of feedback could also be effective as a complement to interventions carried out using technology to promote weight loss. Conclusions: The use of technologies can be effective to increase weight loss in patients with obesity improving treatment adherence through self-monitoring.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalman Bencsath ◽  
Adham Jammoul ◽  
Ali Aminian ◽  
Hideharu Shimizu ◽  
Carolyn J. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Percent Excess Weight Loss ◽  
Severely Obese

Obesity is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in this population remain unclear. A database of 2,918 was retrospectively reviewed, yielding 22 (0.75%) severely obese patients with MS who underwent bariatric surgery. Sixteen surgical patients with complete follow-up data were matched to a nonsurgical control group of MS patients, based on age, BMI, MS subtype, and length of follow-up. MS relapse rates and trends in the timed twenty-five foot walk test (T25FW) were compared. In the surgical group (gastric bypass n=19, sleeve gastrectomy n=3), preoperative BMI was 46.5 ± 7.2 Kg/m2 and average excess weight was 60.4 kg. Follow-up data was collected at 59.0 ± 29.8 months. There were two major and four minor complications. Five patients required readmission and there were no mortalities. Percent excess weight loss was 75.5 ± 27.0%. In the 16 patients with follow-up data, patients who underwent bariatric surgery were significantly faster on the T25FW compared to the nonsurgical population. In conclusion, bariatric surgery is relatively safe and effective in achieving weight loss in patients with MS. In addition, surgery may help patients maintain ambulation. Findings support the need for further studies on bariatric surgery and disease-specific outcomes in this population.

scholarly journals Oral Gene Therapy of HFD-Obesity via Nonpathogenic Yeast Microcapsules Mediated shRNA Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Wan Zhang ◽  
Hang Peng ◽  
Yankun Li ◽  
Tongtong Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Good News ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Obesity is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, which occurs when energy intake exceeds the energy consumption. Therefore, controlling energy intake or increasing physical consumption can effectively control obesity. However, in reality, it is very difficult for the majority of obese patients to lose weight by autonomously controlling diet. In this study, oral shRNA/yeast microcapsules were constructed with non-virus-mediated IL-1β shRNA interference vectors and non-pathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, high-fat diet induced obese mice were established to assess the weight loss effect of IL-1β shRNA/yeast microcapsules via the oral route. After IL-1β shRNA/yeast treatment, body weight and fat weight was reduced. Compared with the control group, higher average food intake but lower energy conversion rate was observed in IL-1β shRNA/yeast group. In addition, lipid metabolism related cytokines and blood glucose concentration in the circulating blood was improved after IL-1β shRNA/yeast treatment. Yeast microcapsules mediated IL-1β shRNA delivery can effectively improve obesity. Noteworthy, this kind of non-diet-controlled weight loss strategy does not need diet control, and shows good biocompatibility. It is good news to obese patients who need to lose weight but cannot control their diet.

scholarly journals Weight Loss in Patients Waiting for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Fiber-Enriched High Carbohydrate Diet Improves Hip Function and Decreases Pain before Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Francesca Cannata ◽  
Alice Laudisio ◽  
Fabrizio Russo ◽  
Luca Ambrosio ◽  
Gianluca Vadalà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Hip Function ◽  
The Impact

The impact of obesity on clinical outcomes following joint replacement procedures is resounding. Therefore, multiple strategies to achieve a substantial weight loss before surgery are needed in obese patients. The aim of the study was to test the effect of a fiber-enriched high carbohydrate (FEHC) diet on the reduction in body weight and pain in elderly obese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Sixty-one candidates for THA were included in our study. Prior to the procedure, the participants have been randomly assigned to a 3-month diet intervention (FEHC diet or free diet). Anthropometric measures and food questionnaires were collected at the enrollment and after 3 months. The Oxford Hip Score (OHS), the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) and the Western Ontario McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) were administered at baseline and before surgery. A statistically significant variation of weight was found in the FEHC diet group (−3.7 kg, −4.4–−2.5) compared to the control group (−0.2 kg; −1.4–1.7; p < 0.0001), as well as significant improvements in the OHS (p < 0.0001), the HOOS (p < 0.0001) and the WOMAC (p < 0.0001) questionnaires. According to the results of the study, the FEHC diet in obese patients undergoing THA might help weight loss and improve related anthropometric parameters as well as hip function and pain.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the influence of antihypertensive therapy on endothelial function, oxidative stress and immune activation in obese patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ashcheulova ◽  
N. N. Gerasimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Soluble Receptor ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Tnf Α

This article aims to improve combined antihypertensive therapy on the basis of studying the antioxidant properties of bisoprolol and indapamid, their impact on endothelial dysfunction (ED) and pro-inflammatory cytokines activity in hypertensive patients with overweight and obesity. A combination of a β-blocker (BAB) with a diuretic (D) (bisoprolol 2.5, 5, 10 mg and indapamid 1.5–2.5 mg/day) was prescribed to 102 patients with essential hypertension of 1–3 grades, 30 to 65 years old (mean age – 54.54 ± 0.91 years), who previously had not been receiving regular antihypertensive therapy. The daily dose of bisoprolol was administered by continuous slow titration, starting with low doses of 1.25 mg/day. Of the patients 82 were women and 20 men, the duration of disease averaged 9.0 ± 0.71 years. The control group included 16 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. The level of stable terminal metabolites of nitric oxide NO (nitrite NO2– and nitrate NO3–), the concentration of S-nitrosothiol and NO-synthases (NOS), SOD, and catalase activity was determined biochemically. The contents of serum 8-iso-PgF2α (8-isoprostane), TNF-alpha and its type I soluble receptor (sTNF-αRI) were determined in all subjects using the “8-isoprostane ELISA” (Usbiological,USA), “ProCon TNFα” (ProteinContour,Russian Federation) and “sTNF-RI EASIA” (BioSource Europe SA,Belgium) ELISA kits, respectively. During the course of combined antihypertensive therapy we observed a significant decrease of S-nitrosothiols levels, i-NOS activity, reduction of TNF-α type I of its soluble receptor (sTNF-αRI), and oxidative stress marker – 8-iso-PgF2α in the examined patients. Nitrites and nitrates serum levels, activity of e-NOS, superoxide dismutase and catalase, by contrast, were increased in patients with hypertension and concomitant obesity. These changes may reflect the fact that against the background of the therapy there was a reduction in tension of oxidative stress, which leads to an improvement in endothelial function. Significant reduction ratio of TNF-α/sTNF-αRI shows suppression of autoimmune and apoptotic activity in patients under treatment. Thus, the improvement of endothelial function, a significant decrease in autoimmune activation due to lower tension of oxidative stress in the examined patients optimizes use of a combination of bisoprolol and indapamid for differentiated therapy in hypertensive patients with obesity. 

scholarly journals Blood pressure and cardiorenal responses to antihypertensive therapy in obese women

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cantoni Rosa ◽  
Maria Tereza Zanella ◽  
Nárcia Elisa Bellucci Kohlmann ◽  
Sandra Roberta Gouveia Ferreira ◽  
Frida Liane Plavnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVE: Blood pressure(BP) and target organ responses to antihypertensive drugs are not well established in hypertensive obese patients. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of obesity and adiposity distribution patterns on these responses. METHODS: 49 hypertensive obese women were designated to different groups according to waist to hip ratio measurements - 37 with troncular and 12 with peripheral obesity. Patients were treated for 24-weeks on a stepwise regimen with cilazapril alone or a cilazapril/hydrochlorothiazide/amlodipine combination therapy to achieve a BP lower than 140/90mmHg. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography, and albuminuria were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: After 24 weeks, weight loss was less than 2% in both groups. ABPM targets were achieved in 81.5% of patients upon a combination of 2(26.5%) or 3(55.1%) drugs. Similar reductions in daytime-SBP/DBP: -22.5/-14.1(troncular obesity) / -23.6/-14.9mmHg (peripheral obesity) were obtained. Decrease in nocturnal-SBP was greater in troncular obesity patients. Upon BP control, microalbuminuria was markedly decreased, while only slight decrease in left ventricular mass was observed for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of weight loss, most patients required combined antihypertensive therapy to control their BP, regardless of their body fat distribution pattern. Optimal target BP and normal albuminuria were achieved in the group as a whole and in both obese patient groups, while benefits to cardiac structure were of a smaller magnitude.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyglucosamine on Weight Loss and Metabolic Parameters in Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2365
Author(s):  
Simone Perna ◽  
Sana N. M. Basharat ◽  
Khawla F. Ali ◽  
Abdulla Eid ◽  
Clara Gasparri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Individual

The use of dietary supplements for weight loss has gained significant momentum. Polyglucosamine, a chitosan derivative, is a dietary supplement increasingly used for weight loss. In this meta-analysis, we systematically summarized and quantified the key findings of four randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials examining the effects of polyglucosamine supplementation and caloric restriction, and physical activity on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference in subjects with overweight and obesity. The control group was set with a physical activity from 6–7 MET-h/week activity and up to 21 MET-h/week activity with caloric restriction. Compliance in the latter trials was reported via a follow-up questionnaire with the individual participants. The analysis included 399 subjects followed for a period ranging from 12 weeks to one year. Subjects’ age ranged from 21–75 years, BMI from 26–45 kg/m2, and all were white European or Caucasian in ethnicity. The meta-analyzed mean differences for random effects showed that polyglucosamine supplementation improves weight loss by −1.78 kg [−2.78, −0.79], BMI by −1.52 kg/m2 [−3.58, 0.54], and improves waist circumference reduction by −1.45 cm [−2.77, −0.12]. In conclusion, the use of polyglucosamine supplementation in conjunction with lifestyle behavioral therapies can be effective for weight reduction. Further studies are needed to examine the long-term effects of polyglucosamine supplementation on weight loss and other metabolic parameters

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