scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on the Bolt Loads and Variation in a Bolted Flange for Subsea Pipeline Connection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Wang ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Liquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Liquid Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Initial Deviation ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Bolted Flange

This article proposed an analytic and finite element-combined modelling method for the investigation of temperature effects on bolt loads and variation in a bolted flange for subsea pipeline connection. With this method, the preloads of bolt in the bolted flange assembly were investigated under different medium liquid temperatures in the pipeline. The simulation results illustrate that the deviation of bolt loads can be increased due to the medium liquid temperature increasing. The final bolt load deviation increases along with the increasing of the initial deviation of bolt preloads in a constant medium liquid temperature. The final distribution of bolt loads can be affected by the initial condition of the bolts. When bolt preloads are staggered, the variance of the final bolt loads is minimized; when the bolt preloads are axisymmetric, the final bolt load variance is the maximum.

scholarly journals The Influence of Temperature on Metabolisms of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms in Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Presence of Cu(II) Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chiang Chou ◽  
Chih-Chi Yang ◽  
Meng-Shan Lu ◽  
Li-Yuan Hu ◽  
Ku-Fan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Toxic Environment ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The purpose of this study was to study how temperature variation affects the tolerance of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a toxic environment. To exclude the interference of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), shock loading experiments were conducted to study the effect of Cu(II) toxicity on the metabolisms of PAOs in 10, 20, and 30 °C conditions. The experimental data showed that the temperature effects on aerobic phosphorus uptake, PHA degradation, and glycogen synthesis were remarkable in the presence of Cu(II). Nevertheless, insignificant effects on anaerobic phosphorus release and PHA synthesis were found. The largest inhibition of PAO metabolism occurred in the low temperature case (10 °C). This study also experimentally demonstrated the loss of PAO metabolic ability in the subsequent aerobic stage, after the anaerobic stage. The presence of Cu(II) toxicity mainly resulted from the inhibition of biochemical reactions in the aerobic stage, and it was irrelevant to the inhibition of previous anaerobic metabolisms.

scholarly journals Temperature effects on Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlei Maceda ◽  
Celso L Hohmann ◽  
Honório R. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Entire Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

The influence of temperature on lifetime attributes of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30º C), RH 70 ± 10%, photophase 14 h. Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were used as hosts. Developmental times of both parasitoid species were similar when exposed to 20, 25, or 30º C. T. annulata, however, developed slightly faster than T. pretiosum at 15º C. Emergence rates of both species were above 89%. The temperature threshold for T. pretiosum and T. annulata was 11º C and the number of degree-days required for their development was 126.9 and 122.3, respectively. Parasitization was maximal at 25º C. T. annulata, however, parasitized significantly more hosts than T. pretiosum in the entire temperature range. Temperature had no effect in brood size.T. annulata progeny consisted predominantly of males, except at 15º C, whereas in T.pretiosumitconsisted predominantly of females, except at 30º C. Parental females lived longer than males.

The Influence of Temperature on the Lateral Photovoltaic Effect in the Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Pisarenko ◽  
Vladimir V. Korobtsov ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Balashev ◽  
Artem A. Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Band ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Equivalent Circuits ◽  
Film Resistance ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Magnetite Film

We report on the results of a study of the lateral photovoltaic effect in the Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si(001) structure at temperatures of 300 and 122 K under continuous and pulsed illumination. It is found that when the temperature changes from 300 to 122 K, the LPE sensitivity decreases from 112 to 65 mV/mm. At pulsed illumination, an increase of rise time and a fall time is observed with decreasing temperature. From a consideration of the energy band diagrams and equivalent circuits of the Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si structure, it is assumed that the detected temperature effects of LPE are due to the strong dependence of the magnetite film resistance on temperature.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Dislocation-γ-Precipitate Interactions in γ’-Precipitates

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyuki Takahashi ◽  
Yutaro Terada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Precipitation Strengthening ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Critical Resolved Shear Stress

There are clear experimental evidences of the formation of either spherical or platelet γ-precipitates inside cubic γ’-precipitates in nickel-based superalloys, which strengthen the mechanical property of the alloy. In this work, molecular statics (MS) and dynamics (MD) simulations of the interaction between a super edge dislocation and a γ-precipitate in γ’-precipitates were performed. The strengthening mechanism was then investigated by comparing the simulation results with the theoretical prediction. As the result, it could be found that the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of the interaction has a strong dependence on the shape of the γ-precipitate, and could be well predicted by the theory of precipitation strengthening. Especially, the stacking-fault, chemical, coherency and interface strengthening play a major role in determining the CRSS. Finally, the interaction under a finite temperature was simulated using the MD simulations. It was found that the influence of temperature on the interaction is negligibly small.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature on the enzymic semisynthesis of human insulin by coupling and transpeptidation methods

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Morihara ◽  
Y Ueno ◽  
K Sakina
Keyword(s):  
Human Insulin ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Complex Temperature ◽  
Optimal Reaction

The influence of temperature of enzymic semisynthesis of human insulin ester was determined by using coupling and transpeptidation methods with trypsin and Achromobacter lyticus proteinase I as catalysts. The optimal reaction conditions were studied at the selected temperatures of 25, 12 and 4 degrees C. The results showed that the synthesis rates by both methods with trypsin increased as the temperature increased, but the final product yield correspondingly decreased. Therefore the reaction with trypsin should be done below 12 degrees C, preferably at 4 degrees C. This agrees well with the stability of trypsin at these temperatures. When the catalyst was Achromobacter lyticus proteinase I, no such complex temperature effects were observed, and the findings indicated that the reactions should be conducted below 37 degrees C for enzyme stability.

Experimental Research on Influence of Temperature on PZT-Based Health Monitoring for Smart Aggregates

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2647-2652
Author(s):  
Jing Yu ◽  
Hong Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Electric Impedance ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Compensation Technique

Since piezoelectric materials exhibit strong temperature dependency. The change of temperature results in marked variation of the PZT transducer’s electric impedance signals, which may lead to misjudgment of the structural health condition. A experiment was implemented on smart aggregates with embedded PZT transducers under 35°C, 45°C and 55°C three working conditions, and found that the temperature had significant influence on the electric admittance signals of embedded PZT transducers. The peak magnitudes of the admittance curves changed and the curves shifted leftward. Then a temperature compensation technique was used to minimize the temperature effects.

The effect of temperature on high-resolution TEM image contrast

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
T. Geipel ◽  
W. Mader ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Waller Factor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Debye Waller Factor ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Atomic Form Factor

Temperature affects both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in a crystal. The Debye-Waller factor, B, describes the influence of temperature on the elastic scattering of electrons, whereas the imaginary part of the (complex) atomic form factor, fc = fr + ifi, describes the influence of temperature on the inelastic scattering of electrons (i.e. absorption). In HRTEM simulations, two possible ways to include absorption are: (i) an approximate method in which absorption is described by a phenomenological constant, μ, i.e. fi; - μfr, with the real part of the atomic form factor, fr, obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations, (ii) a more accurate method in which the absorptive components, fi of the atomic form factor are explicitly calculated. In this contribution, the inclusion of both the Debye-Waller factor and absorption on HRTEM images of a (Oll)-oriented GaAs crystal are presented (using the EMS software.Fig. 1 shows the the amplitudes and phases of the dominant 111 beams as a function of the specimen thickness, t, for the cases when μ = 0 (i.e. no absorption, solid line) and μ = 0.1 (with absorption, dashed line).

The Influence of Temperature on Successful Reproductions of Burbot, Lota Lota (L.) Under Hatchery Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Żarski ◽  
Dariusz Kucharczyk ◽  
Wojciech Sasinowski ◽  
Katarzyna Targońska ◽  
Andrzej Mamcarz
Keyword(s):  
Lota Lota ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On
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