scholarly journals Frame Duplication Forgery Detection and Localization Algorithm Based on the Improved Levenshtein Distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Honge Ren ◽  
Walid Atwa ◽  
Haosu Zhang ◽  
Shafiq Muhammad ◽  
Mahmoud Emam
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Levenshtein Distance ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Digital Videos ◽  
Forgery Attack ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Frame Duplication

In this digital era of technology and software development tools, low-cost digital cameras and powerful video editing software (such as Adobe Premiere, Microsoft Movie Maker, and Magix Vegas) have become available for any common user. Through these softwares, editing the contents of digital videos became very easy. Frame duplication is a common video forgery attack which can be done by copying and pasting a sequence of frames within the same video in order to hide or replicate some events from the video. Many algorithms have been proposed in the literature to detect such forgeries from the video sequences through analyzing the spatial and temporal correlations. However, most of them are suffering from low efficiency and accuracy rates and high computational complexity. In this paper, we are proposing an efficient and robust frame duplication detection algorithm to detect duplicated frames from the video sequence based on the improved Levenshtein distance. Extensive experiments were performed on some selected video sequences captured by stationary and moving cameras. In the experimental results, the proposed algorithm showed efficacy compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.

Reducing multipath effect of low-cost GNSS receivers for monitoring by considering temporal correlations

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Volker Schwieger
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Multipath Effect ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Multipath Effects ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Multipath Signals

AbstractThe investigations on low-cost single frequency GNSS receivers at the Institute of Engineering Geodesy (IIGS) show that u-blox GNSS receivers combined with low-cost antennas and self-constructed L1-optimized choke rings can reach an accuracy which almost meets the requirements of geodetic applications (see Zhang and Schwieger [25]). However, the quality (accuracy and reliability) of low-cost GNSS receiver data should still be improved, particularly in environments with obstructions. The multipath effects are a major error source for the short baselines. The ground plate or the choke ring ground plane can reduce the multipath signals from the horizontal reflector (e. g. ground). However, the shieldings cannot reduce the multipath signals from the vertical reflectors (e. g. walls).Because multipath effects are spatially and temporally correlated, an algorithm is developed for reducing the multipath effect by considering the spatial correlations of the adjoined stations (see Zhang and Schwieger [24]). In this paper, an algorithm based on the temporal correlations will be introduced. The developed algorithm is based on the periodic behavior of the estimated coordinates and not on carrier phase raw data, which is easy to use. Because, for the users, coordinates are more accessible than the raw data. The multipath effect can cause periodic oscillations but the periods change over time. Besides this, the multipath effect’s influence on the coordinates is a mixture of different multipath signals from different satellites and different reflectors. These two properties will be used to reduce the multipath effect. The algorithm runs in two steps and iteratively. Test measurements were carried out in a multipath intensive environment; the accuracies of the measurements are improved by about 50 % and the results can be delivered in near-real-time (in ca. 30 minutes), therefore the algorithm is suitable for structural health monitoring applications.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Jamming Detection Approach Using Performance Metrics in Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Carolina Del-Valle-Soto ◽  
Carlos Mex-Perera ◽  
Juan Arturo Nolazco-Flores ◽  
Alma Rodríguez ◽  
Julio C. Rosas-Caro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Jamming Detection ◽  
Minimal Energy Expenditure

Wireless Sensor Networks constitute an important part of the Internet of Things, and in a similar way to other wireless technologies, seek competitiveness concerning savings in energy consumption and information availability. These devices (sensors) are typically battery operated and distributed throughout a scenario of particular interest. However, they are prone to interference attacks which we know as jamming. The detection of anomalous behavior in the network is a subject of study where the routing protocol and the nodes increase power consumption, which is detrimental to the network’s performance. In this work, a simple jamming detection algorithm is proposed based on an exhaustive study of performance metrics related to the routing protocol and a significant impact on node energy. With this approach, the proposed algorithm detects areas of affected nodes with minimal energy expenditure. Detection is evaluated for four known cluster-based protocols: PEGASIS, TEEN, LEACH, and HPAR. The experiments analyze the protocols’ performance through the metrics chosen for a jamming detection algorithm. Finally, we conducted real experimentation with the best performing wireless protocols currently used, such as Zigbee and LoRa.

scholarly journals MEMS Based SINS/OD Filter for Land Vehicles’ Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huisheng Liu ◽  
Zengcai Wang ◽  
Susu Fang ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Velocity Measurement ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Integrated Navigation System ◽  
Land Vehicles ◽  
Mems Imu

A constrained low-cost SINS/OD filter aided with magnetometer is proposed in this paper. The filter is designed to provide a land vehicle navigation solution by fusing the measurements of the microelectromechanical systems based inertial measurement unit (MEMS IMU), the magnetometer (MAG), and the velocity measurement from odometer (OD). First, accelerometer and magnetometer integrated algorithm is studied to stabilize the attitude angle. Next, a SINS/OD/MAG integrated navigation system is designed and simulated, using an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF). It is shown that the accuracy of the integrated navigation system will be implemented to some extent. The field-test shows that the azimuth misalignment angle will diminish to less than 1°. Finally, an outliers detection algorithm is studied to estimate the velocity measurement bias of the odometer. The experimental results show the enhancement in restraining observation outliers that improves the precision of the integrated navigation system.

Pedestrian detection algorithm based on video sequences and laser point cloud

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Shengwu Xiong ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Pedestrian Detection ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Video Sequences

scholarly journals Absence Seizure Detection Algorithm for Portable EEG Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Glaba ◽  
Miroslaw Latka ◽  
Małgorzata J. Krause ◽  
Sławomir Kroczka ◽  
Marta Kuryło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Seizure Detection ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Absence Seizure ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Morlet Continuous Wavelet Transform

Absence seizures are generalized nonmotor epileptic seizures with abrupt onset and termination. Transient impairment of consciousness and spike-slow wave discharges (SWDs) in EEG are their characteristic manifestations. This type of seizure is severe in two common pediatric syndromes: childhood (CAE) and juvenile (JAE) absence epilepsy. The appearance of low-cost, portable EEG devices has paved the way for long-term, remote monitoring of CAE and JAE patients. The potential benefits of this kind of monitoring include facilitating diagnosis, personalized drug titration, and determining the duration of pharmacotherapy. Herein, we present a novel absence detection algorithm based on the properties of the complex Morlet continuous wavelet transform of SWDs. We used a dataset containing EEGs from 64 patients (37 h of recordings with almost 400 seizures) and 30 age and sex-matched controls (9 h of recordings) for development and testing. For seizures lasting longer than 2 s, the detector, which analyzed two bipolar EEG channels (Fp1-T3 and Fp2-T4), achieved a sensitivity of 97.6% with 0.7/h detection rate. In the patients, all false detections were associated with epileptiform discharges, which did not yield clinical manifestations. When the duration threshold was raised to 3 s, the false detection rate fell to 0.5/h. The overlap of automatically detected seizures with the actual seizures was equal to ~96%. For EEG recordings sampled at 250 Hz, the one-channel processing speed for midrange smartphones running Android 10 (about 0.2 s per 1 min of EEG) was high enough for real-time seizure detection.

scholarly journals Study of Temporal Correlations in the Urban Noise Monitoring Network of Milan, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
Extended Area ◽  
Arbitrary Location

The European Life project, called DYNAMAP, has been devoted to provide a realimage of the noise generated by vehicular trafficin urban and suburban areas, developing a dynamic acoustic map based on a limited numberof low-cost permanent noise monitoring stations.In the urban area of Milan, the system has beenimplemented over the pilot area named Area 9.Traffic noise data, collected by the monitoringstations, each one representative of a numberof roads with similar characteristics (e.g. dailytraffic flow), are used to build-up a “real time”noise map. DYNAMAP has a statistical structure and this implies that information capturedby each sensor must be representative of an extended area, thus uncorrelated from other stations. The study of the correlations among thesensors represents a key-point in designing themonitoring network. Another important aspectregards the “contemporaneity” of noise fluctuations predicted by DYNAMAP with those effectively measured at an arbitrary location. Integration times heavily affect the result, with correlation coefficients up to 0.8-0.9 for updating timesof 1h. Higher correlations are observed when averaging over groups of roads with similar traffic flow characteristics

scholarly journals Development and Performance Testing of Solar Operated Insecticide and Pesticide Agro Spraying System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-578
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solar Powered

This paper represents the development and performance analysis of Solar operated Spraying system. Generally in the agricultural field, traditional conventional techniques like hand operated and fuel operated sprayer system for spraying pesticides have been used which is not eco-friendly, less labour productivity and low efficiency. These tools uses diesel as fuels which is harmful for the environment and also do increases the operating and maintenance cost. This motivates us to design and fabricate real-time product which is operated by solar energy. The main objective of this research is to design and fabricate the solar powered agricultural pesticide sprayer by considering parameters like desired spraying capacity, low weight, low cost, user-friendly nature, high operating time and for faster coverage of area. Mathematical models were developed after adopting suitable assumptions for calculation of power of the motor and sizing of battery, charge controller, solar panel required for spraying a known quantity of fluid. The parts required for the system had been selected by solving for known inputs values and considering their availability in the market. The maximum discharge at outlet of DC Pump, efficiency of pump had been calculated by taking different discharge at outlet of the pump. Further by using 12 Volt Led light, it can be operated in night mode and also is to reduce back pain of human being by keeping the tank in backside.

Low-Cost Smart Heads-Up Display Assist System for Automobiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautham G ◽  
Deepika Venkatesh ◽  
A. Kalaiselvi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Ingenious Method

In recent years, due to the increasing density of traffic every year, it is been a hassle for drivers in metropolitan cities to maintain lane and speeds on road. The drivers usually waste time and effort in idling their cars to maintain in traffic conditions. The drivers get easily frustrated when they tried to maintain the path because of the havoc created. Transportation Institute found that the odds of a crash(or near crash) more than doubled when the driver took his or her eyes off the road formore than two seconds. This tends to cause about 23% of accidents when not following their lane paths. In worst case the fuel economy often drops and tends to cause increase in pollution about 28% to 36% per vehicle annually. This corresponds to the wastage of fuel. Owing to this problem, we proposed an ingenious method by which the lane detection can be made affordable and applicable to existing automobiles. The proposed prototype of lane detection is carried over with a temporary autonomous bot which is interfaced with Raspberry pi processor, loaded with the lane detection algorithm. This prototype bot is made to get live video which is then processed by the algorithm. Also, the preliminary setups are carried over in such a way that it is easily implemented and accessible at low cost with better efficiency, providing a better impact on future automobiles.

Low Cost Recursive Localization scheme for High Density Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-285
Author(s):  
Badia Bouhdid ◽  
Wafa Akkari ◽  
Sofien Gannouni
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Density ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Localization Scheme ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Algorithm Implementation

While existing localization approaches mainly focus on enhancing the accuracy, particular attention has recently been given to reducing the localization algorithm implementation costs. To obtain a tradeoff between location accuracy and implementation cost, recursive localization approaches are being pursued as a cost-effective alternative to the more expensive localization approaches. In the recursive approach, localization information increases progressively as new nodes compute their positions and become themselves reference nodes. A strategy is then required to control and maintain the distribution of these new reference nodes. The lack of such a strategy leads, especially in high density networks, to wasted energy, important communication overhead and even impacts the localization accuracy. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient recursive localization approach that reduces the energy consumption, the execution time, and the communication overhead, yet it increases the localization accuracy through an adequate distribution of reference nodes within the network.

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