scholarly journals Using Statistical Model to Study the Daily Closing Price Index in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Aljohani ◽  
Azhari A. Elhag
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Equal Variance ◽  
Closing Price ◽  
Trading Period ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Continuous Trading

Classification in statistics is usually used to solve the problems of identifying to which set of categories, such as subpopulations, new observation belongs, based on a training set of data containing information (or instances) whose category membership is known. The article aims to use the Gaussian Mixture Model to model the daily closing price index over the period of 1/1/2013 to 16/8/2020 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The daily closing price index over the period declined, which might be the effect of corona virus, and the mean of the study period is about 7866.965. The closing price is the last regular deal that took place during the continuous trading period. If there are no transactions on the stock during the day, the closing price is the previous day’s closing price. The closing auction period comes after the continuous trading period (from 3 : 00 PM to 3 : 10 PM), during which investors can enter by buying and selling the stocks at this period. The experimental results show that the best mixture model is E (equal variance) with three components according to the BIC criterion. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm converged in 2 repetitions. The data source is from Tadawul KSA.

scholarly journals (Malaria in Saudi Arabia in the last six years (2011-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalifa AM, AlShammari A, AlShubrmi D, Alreshidi M, Albaqawi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Introduction: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA)  suffered an outbreak of malaria in 1998, Effective strategies to shrink the malaria map were carried out. Aim: to through light on recent reports of malaria disease in KSA from 2011 till 2016.Methodology: The present study searched the previous publications in the last five years from 2011 till 2016 about malaria in the KSA. Then the collected data were arranged accordingly into:1 The geographical distribution and prevalence of malaria in Saudi Arabia. 2. The species of Plasmodium present. 3. Clinical presentation in different areas in the kingdom 4. Methods of diagnosis used. 5. Methods of treatment in kingdom. 6. Methods used to control malaria in KSA. Study design: Review article , Peroid of time: Four months. Data Source: Data for this review were identified by literature searches of PubMed and general searches using the Google and WHO search engines. Also, National Library of Medicine via the PubMed and MEDLINE were used for research articles, reviews, books, and other reports. We searched by using key word searches such as “malaria” and “Saudi Arabia”. Results:  The number of malaria cases in Saudi Arabia decreased between 2011 and 2016.. Incidence continued to be reported at low levels (between 0.01 and 0.1 per 1,000 of the population) with: P. falciparum predominantly, remainder was P. vivax .species. Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine were the first line treatment. Chloroquine showed resistance. Chemoprophylaxis and mosquito avoidance were recommended. Conclusion: Malaria control has reduced the incidence of disease over the last 15 years, there are only few cases in rural areas of Jeddah, Al Jouf and Jizan emirates by border of Yemen, reported in 2016. Saudi Arabia is on the way to eradicate malaria.

Pediatrics’ Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and implementation of standardized formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-496
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nesreen Al-Shubbar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
New System

The national total parental nutrition program with an emphasis on pediatrics started before several ago at Ministry of health hospitals In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The program covered several regions and consisted from the foundation of Intravenous Admixture and preparation of pediatric parenteral nutrition to administration and follow up of patients outcomes. In addition to the prior system, the new initiative project with the standardized formulation of pediatric’s parenteral nutrition is the complementary project of the parental nutrition for pediatrics. The project initiated to prevent drug-related problems of parental nutrition, improve patient clinical outcome and reduce the unnecessary economic burden on the healthcare system. It is the new system in the Middle East and Gulf counties in additional to Saudi Arabia. The initiatives are the systemic implementation of standardized pediatrics formulation using management project tools of starting new idea until finding in the ground.

Adult’s Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and Implementation of Standardized Formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nahedh Rashed Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
New System

The general administration of pharmaceutical care started potential pharmacy practice program. The program is part of accreditation professional’s process of national and international regulations. The adult’s parenteral nutrition was one of the critical programs. The most healthcare professionals are not familiar with the new system. The new initiatives system adult’s standardized concentration formulation of total parental nutrition as complementary to the previous one. The new formulation consisted of all parental nutrition requirements based on national and international standards. The new system can be converted as computerized physician orders. The new initiatives may implement as project management model over one year or less than that’s. The new system prevents nutrition-related problems, and medication errors, and improve clinical outcomes of the adults’ population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Filipino Guest Workers, Gender Segregation, and the Changing Social/Labor-Scape in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
Simeon S. Magliveras
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Overseas Filipino Workers ◽  
Dress Codes ◽  
Social Labor

Filipinos are a major part of the workforce in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with a population of almost one million. This article investigates the effects of gender segregation on Filipino workers and how they navigate their lives through systems imposed on them. In particular, it examines the Kafala system (administrative sponsoring system) used for recruiting migrant workers for GCC countries. This article suggests that contrary beliefs about gender segregation and dress codes, Filipinas found it empowering. However, this article also concludes that gender segregation and dress codes also lead to isolation and loneliness. In addition, it is concluded that the fate and contentment of the overseas Filipino workers are directly dependent on who sponsors them.

Critical Analysis of Patient and Family Rights in JCI Accreditation and Cbahi Standards for Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Zuber Mujeeb Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Accreditation Standards ◽  
Joint Commission International ◽  
Central Board

Patient and Family Rights (PFR) is a common chapter available in the Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation[i] (fifth edition) and Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) Standards for hospitals (second edition)[ii]. JCI Accreditation is a USA based international healthcare accrediting organization, whereas CBAHI is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia based national health care accrediting organization. However, both these standards are accredited by Ireland based International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua), which is the only accrediting organization who “accredit the accreditors' in the world. In Patient and Family Rights (PFR) chapter of JCI Accreditation for hospitals, there are nineteen (19) standards and seventy-seven (77) measurable elements (ME) whereas in CBAHI Accreditation there are thirty one (31) standards, ninety nine (99) sub-standards and fifty (50) evidence(s) of compliance (EC). The scoring mechanism is totally different in both these accrediting organizations. The researcher has identified thirty two (32) common parameters from JCI Accreditation and CBAHI standards, intent statement, measurable elements, sub-standard and evidence of compliance. On the basis of these identified common parameters, the researcher has compared the Patient and Family Rights chapter in JCI Accreditation and CBAHI Standards. Methods: This is a comparison study (normative comparison) in which the researcher has critically analyzed and compared the Patient and Family Rights (PFR) standards of JCI (Joint Commission International) Accreditation of USA (United States of America) and CBAHI (Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data Collection: Primary data are collected from the JCI Accreditation Standards for hospitals, fifth edition, 2013 and CBAHI Standards for hospitals of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, second edition, 2011. Secondary data are collected from relevant published journals, articles, research papers, academic literature and web portals. Objectives of the Study: The aim of this study is to analyze critically Patient and Family Rights (PFR) Standards in JCI Accreditation and CBAHI Standards to point out the best in among both these standards. Conclusion: This critical analysis of Patient and Family Rights (PFR) Standards in JCI Accreditation and CBAHI Standards for hospitals clearly show that the PFR Standards in CBAHI Standards are very comprehensive than the JCI Accreditation standards.

Basic pharmacy research knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1216-1225
Author(s):  
Yousef Alomi ◽  
Ammar Alabdullatif ◽  
Abdulsalam Alharbi ◽  
Ali Altebainawi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
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