scholarly journals Correlation between the Macronutrient Content of Dental Calculus and the FFQ-Based Nutritional Intake of Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ignatius Setiawan ◽  
Dian Lesmana ◽  
Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati ◽  
Irna Sufiawati ◽  
Sunardhi Widyaputra
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Macronutrient Content

The growing epidemic of chronic diseases afflicting both developed and developing countries is related to diet and lifestyle. The current dietary assessment still has many constraints, particularly related to the objectivity of data gathering. Dental calculus, which is usually considered as medical waste in dental treatment, turns out to be a provider of abundant oral information. The objective of this study is to obtain the correlation between the macronutrient content of dental calculus and nutritional intake based on FFQ. This research is an analytic observational study with a case-control study design. Samples consisting of 35 obese individuals and 21 normal-weight individuals were taken using purposive sampling. The nutritional intake data were obtained using FFQ. The macronutrient content of dental calculus was checked using a colorimetric assay. The comparison between obese individuals and normal-weight individuals was tested using the Mann–Whitney test and T-test. The correlation between the macronutrient content of dental calculus and nutritional intake based on FFQ was measured using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. The results showed there was a correlation between the macronutrient content of dental calculus and macronutrient intake based on FFQ. However, strong correlation was found only between fat intake with the total lipid content of dental calculus with rs = 0.521 and between carbohydrate intake with the total carbohydrate content of dental calculus with rs = 0.519. It was concluded that carbohydrate, protein, and lipid intake can be assessed using dental calculus. Dental calculus can be an alternative source of noninvasive, inexpensive, and specific dietary biomarkers.

scholarly journals [Food intake, and anthropometrical and biological parameters in adult Tunisians during Ramadan]

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 603-611
Author(s):  
L. Beltaifa ◽  
R. Bouguerra ◽  
C. Ben Slama ◽  
H. Jabrane ◽  
A. El Khadhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Daily Energy

We evaluated the effects of fasting during Ramadan on nutritional intake and plasma lipoproteins in 20 healthy adults of normal weight. A 5-day food questionnaire was completed for every participant. Clinical investigations, anthropometrical measurements and laboratory analysis were also undertaken. Body weight, blood pressure and blood glucose were not influenced by fasting but there were non-significant modifications in the plasma lipid fractions. The total cholesterol remained unchanged. Total daily energy intake was comparable before, during and after Ramadan despite the decrease in meal frequency during fasting. Thus fasting in Ramadan did not affect dietary intake, clinical, anthropometrical and most biological parameters

scholarly journals Physiological Changes of Parachlorella Kessleri TY02 in Lipid Accumulation under Nitrogen Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Jia Feng ◽  
Junping Lv ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Fangru Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Parachlorella Kessleri

In order to study the effects of nitrogen stress on the lipid synthesis of Parachlorella kessleri TY02 and to understand the changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, total protein and total carbohydrate contents during lipid accumulation, the cells of the strain were cultured in nitrogen-deficient (N−) and nitrogen-rich (N+) media for one week. Changes in cell growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, neutral lipid and total lipid content, total protein content and total carbohydrate content were measured and analyzed. The results showed that, under nitrogen stress, the algal strain grew slowly, and chlorophyll and total protein contents decreased, while total carbohydrate and total lipid contents increased. This indicated that, under nitrogen stress, most of the carbon flowed to the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates. Meanwhile, reducing the nitrogen content was a relatively economical and easy to operate method of promoting lipid accumulation.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Activity of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
Phenphichar WANACHANTARARAK ◽  
Pradoong SUANPOOT ◽  
Mudtorlep NISOA
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Number Count ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Mtt Colorimetric Assay

Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) application of dental treatment technologies has recently gained much interest. However, information regarding safety, applications, and how they work is limited. In this study, we examined the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican. The Ar gas has been discharged by CAP of 100 KHz and has been produced inside 4 L/min. The system was operated with the HVRF power input 20 W and treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 min for samples. The Candida albican standard strain used in this experiment was ATCC 10231. In order to assess the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican, we employed 2 methods; the colony number count and MTT colorimetric assay. The colonies of Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 were significantly at 5, 10 and 15 min exposure of CAP (p < 0.05) as compared to un-treatment. According to the result of MTT colorimetric assay, we found that cell viability was significant after 10 min exposure as compared to un-treatment (p < 0.05). In summary, the overall results stated that CAP possesses the inhibitory activity against Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 at 100 KHz, 20 W after 5 min.

Comparisons of Weight Concepts in Groups of Neurotic, Normal and Anorexic Females

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fay Fransella ◽  
A. H. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
Neurotic Disorder ◽  
Order Form ◽  
Normal Women

SummaryA group of normal women and a group of women in hospital for treatment of a neurosis but without a disorder of eating were compared with a group of anorexic patients in terms of their attitudes to weight. All subjects completed a rank order form of repertory grid. Differences in construct patterning between the anorexic patients and the other female groups could not be accounted for by social class, age or neurotic disorder. The most psychologically significant finding was a positive correlation between the constructs self at normal weight and ideal weight instead of a negative correlation which clinical experience would lead one to expect. Four explanations are proposed to account for this finding.

scholarly journals Assessment of panoral radiograph quality in a dental treatment center

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Hana Abdul-Wahab ◽  
Donald J. Ferguson ◽  
Nadia Abou-Kheir
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Patient Positioning ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Anterior Teeth

Purpose The quality of orthopantogram (OPG) images is primarily a function of patient positioning during image capture. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the quality of digital panoral radiographic images obtained by using the same imaging device in a large dental treatment center on the basis of the radiography technician operator securing the image. Materials and Methods Three hundred OPGs radiographs taken on a Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System device in a large dental treatment center comprised the sample. The most recent OPGs beginning at May 2010 through 2007 were selected for three radiography technicians until subgroups of 100 OPGs per technician were obtained. Each panoral was evaluated by two investigators for 21 OPG image errors. Results Mean panoral total score was 14.71 and mean grade was 2.41 for the entire sample indicating a “good” quality. Significant differences were found among technicians for 3 of 21 panoral fault variables. The relative contribution to inferior OPG quality was greatest for the following positioning faults in rank order: Gazebo effect (11.3%), condyles pushed out (11.0%), unclear nasal structures (10.0%), airspace over U6s (9.5%), and condyles image top (9.0%). Conclusions There were no significant differences among technicians for overall quality indicators (total score and grade). However, statistically significant differences among the three technicians were found for image error wide anterior teeth, Gazebo effect, and unclear nasal structures.

scholarly journals Measurement of macroalgae total carbohydrate content found in Lendang Luar coast, Lombok, Indonesia for potential sources of bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
B T K Ilhami ◽  
A S Abidin ◽  
N W R Martyasari ◽  
N S H Kurniawan ◽  
H Padmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Analysis

Abstract Bioethanol is a renewable alternative energy through the process of fermenting sugar from carbohydrate sources by adding microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria. Macroalgae or known as seaweed is one of the producers in the marine environment which has a high carbohydrate content so that it can be used as raw material for bioethanol. Macroalgae contains specific carbohydrates including laminarin, mannitol, alginate, agar and polysaccharides. The high carbohydrate content indicates the ethanol content produced. The aim of the study was to initial screen total carbohydrates in red algae (G. latifolium and G rugosa) and brown algae (M rosea, S. crassifolium, S. cristaefolium, S. polycystum, P.australis and T. muray ana). Carbohydrate total analysis was performed by colorimetric assay using the BioVision kit. The overall carbohydrate content found in macroalgae samples in this study was 28.23 fig (DW)1. The highest carbohydrate content was obtained by G. latifolium (37.50 fig (DW)1), followed by G rugosa (34.27 fig (DW)1) and S. cristaefolium (33.33 fig (DW)1). Current results show that macroalgae exhibits sufficient amounts of carbohydrate which could potentially be further developed as source for biotehanol.

A Controlled Clinical Trial of the Cardiovascular and Psychological Effects of Phenylpropanolamine and Caffeine

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Noble
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Controlled Evaluation

Two hundred eighty-eight healthy normotensive volunteers with various degrees of obesity participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the acute effects of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA) and caffeine on blood pressure, pulse, and subjective effects. Dosage forms studied were PPA 75 mg sustained-release (SR), PPA SR 75 mg with caffeine 200 mg, caffeine 200 mg, and placebo. Data analysis indicated no significant cardiovascular or subjective effects due to PPA. Caffeine, however, was associated with statistically reliable though clinically insignificant changes from baseline diastolic blood pressure in both supine and standing positions. The rank order of the change indicated larger increases for the subjects who received caffeine, either alone or in combination with PPA, as compared with those who received PPA alone or placebo. No statistically significant differences between PPA and placebo were observed. Subjects in the heavier weight categories had higher blood pressure levels throughout the session as compared with those of normal weight. There was no difference among the study groups in subjective effects. These results provide evidence supporting the safety of currently recommended doses of sustained-release PPA, either alone or in combination with small doses of caffeine in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Low Serum Paraoxonase-1 Lactonase and Arylesterase Activities in Obese Children and Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Sandor ◽  
Daniel Leucuta ◽  
Eleonora Dronca ◽  
Alexandru Niculae ◽  
Victoria Cret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Serum Paraoxonase

Abstract Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) binds mainly to high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and protects low density lipoproteins (LDLs) against oxidation. While paraoxonase and arylesterase activities are traditionally assayed, lactonase activity, accounting for protection against LDL oxidation, was less investigated in obese children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to measure lactonase, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in obese children and adolescents. Study population included 68 children (35 obese and 33 normal-weight). Arylesterase and paraoxonase activities were assayed spectrophotometrically. Lactonase activity, ox-LDL and MDA levels were measured using a pH-sensitive colorimetric assay, an ELISA technique and a fluorimetric method, respectively. The lipid profile was assessed by common methods. Lactonase and arylesterase activities were decreased in the presence of obesity. MDA, but not ox-LDL levels, showed significant differences between groups. Multiple regression analysis identified a reciprocal relationship and a possible association between lactonase and arylesterase activities and obesity.

scholarly journals Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar: effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week period

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Reid ◽  
Richard Hammersley ◽  
Andrew J. Hill ◽  
Paula Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Negative Mood ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Balanced Design ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates ◽  
Restraint Status

The long-term physiological effects of refined carbohydrates on appetite and mood remain unclear. Reported effects when subjects are not blind may be due to expectations and have rarely been studied for more than 24 h. The present study compared the effects of supplementary soft drinks added to the diet over 4 weeks on dietary intake, mood and BMI in normal-weight women (n133). Subjects were categorised as ‘watchers’ or ‘non-watchers’ of what they ate then received sucrose or artificially sweetened drinks (4 × 250 ml per d). Expectancies were varied by labelling drinks ‘sugar’ or ‘diet’ in a counter-balanced design. Sucrose supplements provided 1800 kJ per d and sweetener supplements provided 67 kJ per d. Food intake was measured with a 7 d diary and mood with ten single Likert scales. By 4 weeks, sucrose supplements significantly reduced total carbohydrate intake (F(1,129) = 53·81;P < 0·001), fat (F(2,250) = 33·33;P < 0·001) and protein intake (F(2,250) = 28·04;P < 0·001) compared with sweetener supplements. Mean daily energy intake increased by just under 1000 kJ compared with baseline (t(67 df) = 3·82;P < 0·001) and was associated with a non-significant trend for those receiving sucrose to gain weight. There were no effects on appetite or mood. Neither dietary restraint status as measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire nor the expectancy procedure had effects. Expectancies influenced mood only during baseline week. It is concluded that sucrose satiates, rather than stimulates, appetite or negative mood in normal-weight subjects.

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