scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in Slaughtered Sheep in High- and Low-Humidity Regions in the South of Iran: Molecular Prevalence and Genotype Identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Khademi ◽  
Fatemeh Ghaffarifar ◽  
Abdolhossein Dalimi ◽  
Mohammad Saaid Dayer ◽  
Amir Abdoli
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Genotype Identification ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common meat-born zoonoses that infect all warm-blooded animals and humans. Sheep (Ovis aries) is one of the main reservoirs of T. gondii worldwide, and the infections induce various sequels, such as abortion and stillbirth. The present study aimed to identify the effects of humidity on the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep in high- and low-humidity regions. Heart samples from 200 slaughtered sheep (140 samples from a high-humidity region and 60 samples from a low-humidity region) were collected from Hormozgan Province (south of Iran). The samples were tested by nested PCR targeting the RE gene. Genotyping was performed by the PCR-RFLP method using the SAG3 and GRA6 genes. Some isolates were sequenced and recorded in the GenBank. T. gondii DNA was detected in 10.71 percent of the samples from the highly humid region, whereas no positive samples were detected in the low-humidity region. Genotyping revealed that all isolates belonged to the T. gondii type III genotype. Our study indicated that humidity is an important factor for the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep. Additionally, our study also showed the dominance of type III strain of T. gondii in sheep in the south of Iran.

scholarly journals Fatal toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed domestic cat from Brazil caused by Toxoplasma gondii clonal type I

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena ◽  
Camila Mariellen Evangelista ◽  
Renata Assis Casagrande ◽  
Giovana Biezus ◽  
Claudia Salete Wisser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract The objective of the study was to report on a fatal case of feline toxoplasmosis with coinfection with the feline leukemia virus (FeLV). A domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) presented intense dyspnea and died three days later. In the necropsy, the lungs were firm, without collapse and with many white areas; moderate lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly were also observed. The histopathological examination showed severe necrotic interstitial bronchopneumonia and mild necrotic hepatitis, associated with intralesional cysts and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii that were positive by anti-T. gondii immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation. The bone marrow showed chronic myeloid leukemia and the neoplastic cells were positive by anti-FeLV IHC evaluation. DNA extracted from lungs was positive for T. gondii by PCR targeting REP-529. T. gondii was characterized by PCR-RFLP and by the microsatellites technique. ToxoDB-PCR-RFLP #10, i.e. the archetypal type I, was identified. Microsatellite analysis showed that the strain was a variant of type I with two atypical alleles. This was the first time that a T. gondii clonal type I genotype was correlated with a case of acute toxoplasmosis in a host in Brazil.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens in India by GRA6 gene sequence analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantaveer Biradar ◽  
Buddhi Saravanan ◽  
Anup Tewari ◽  
Chirukandoth Sreekumar ◽  
Muthu Sankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Indian Isolates ◽  
Gra6 Gene

AbstractPCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequencing based genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii Indian isolates (Izatnagar and Chennai isolates and Chennai clone) vis-a vis RH-IVRI strain was conducted by targeting GRA6 as genetic marker. The 791 bp GRA6 product was PCR amplified from the genomic DNA of different T. gondii Indian isolates, including the RH-IVRI strain. Tru1I restriction endonuclease based PCR-RFLP of GRA6 sequence produced polymorphic digestion pattern that discriminated the virulent RH-IVRI strain (as type I) from the moderately virulent local isolates as type III. The PCR amplicon of T. gondii GRA6 from RH-IVRI strain as well as from the local isolates were cloned in cloning vector and custom sequenced. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of T. gondii isolates were aligned with that of the type I, II and III strains (RH, BEVERLEY, ME49, C56, TONT and NED) available in public domain and analyzed in silico using MEGA version 4.0 software. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GRA6 marker from the Indian isolates revealed a close genetic relationship with type III strains of T. gondii. Further, detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at positions 162 and 171 of the GRA6 marker, established the lineage of Indian isolates as type III. This is the first report on characterization of T. gondii lineage as type III in selective chicken population of India based on PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of GRA6 gene.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii genotypes circulating in domestic pigs in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kuruca ◽  
Aleksandra Uzelac ◽  
Ivana Klun ◽  
Vesna Lalošević ◽  
Olgica Djurković-Djaković
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Dna Genotyping

Consumption of undercooked or raw pork is considered a significant risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of 18 T. gondii strains obtained from slaughter pigs from Northern Serbia (mainly Vojvodina). The examined samples originated from eight pigs from large commercial farms, six backyard pigs and four free-range Mangalica pigs, all found to be positive for either viable T. gondii or T. gondii DNA. Genotyping was attempted from both pig tissues and mouse brains from the bio-assays using a multiplex multilocus nested polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP) method with seven markers (GRA6, alt. SAG2, PK-1, BTUB, C22-8, CS3 and Apico). Identification was achieved for nine T. gondii isolates. Seven isolates were classified as type II and two as type III. These results are consistent with previous studies on animal isolates from Serbia as well as with previous reports that type III is more frequently found in samples from Southern Europe than in those from other parts of the continent.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian HIV positive patients using multilocus nested-PCR-RFLP method

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Type I ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Pcr Rflp

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients using multilocus-nested polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP). A total of 102 serum samples obtained from infected patients were collected from the laboratory centres in northern Iran. Anti-T. gondii antibodies and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection were accomplished by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. The Mn-PCR-RFLP method was used for the genotyping of T. gondii. Overall, 68.6% (70/102) and 11.7% (12/102) of the individuals were tested positive for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G and T. gondii DNA, respectively. Complete genotyping was performed on 10/12 (83.3%) PCR-positive samples. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; n = 3, 30%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #27 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%), genotype #35 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%) and genotype #48 (type III variant; n = 1, 10%). The results were indicative of the high frequency of the type I and type I variant of T. gondii strains in HIV-positive patients in northern Iran. Given the high prevalence of T. gondii and frequency of pathogenic types (pathogen in laboratory mice) in the patients, special measures should be taken to prevent the possible increased incidence of encephalitis by T. gondii.

Cytologic detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog and in vitro isolation of a unique mouse-virulent recombinant strain

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872199668
Author(s):  
Waléria Borges-Silva ◽  
Mariana M. Rezende-Gondim ◽  
Gideão S. Galvão ◽  
Daniele S. Rocha ◽  
George R. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

Parasites resembling Neospora caninum or Toxoplasma gondii were detected by cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a dog with neurologic disease. The dog became severely ill and was euthanized. Canine tissue homogenates were used for direct parasite isolation in cell culture, bioassay in 2 mouse lineages, and PCR. T. gondii was isolated in monkey kidney cells, and species identity was confirmed by PCR. Inoculated parasites were highly virulent for mice, which developed clinical signs and were euthanized immediately. PCR-RFLP for T. gondii using the cultured isolate (TgDgBA22) was conducted with 12 genetic markers, and a unique recombinant strain was identified. Detection of T. gondii by CSF cytology, although described in humans, had not been reported previously in dogs, to our knowledge, and was crucial for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the examined dog.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in the South American Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) From the City of São Paulo, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E O. Yai ◽  
W. A. Cañon-Franco ◽  
V. C. Geraldi ◽  
M. E L. Summa ◽  
M. C G. O. Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
South American ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The South ◽  
American Opossum ◽  
The City

Evidence of the three main clonalToxoplasma gondiilineages from wild mammalian carnivores in the UK

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (14) ◽  
pp. 1768-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BURRELLS ◽  
P. M. BARTLEY ◽  
I. A. ZIMMER ◽  
S. ROY ◽  
A. C. KITCHENER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiis a zoonotic pathogen defined by three main clonal lineages (types I, II, III), of which type II is most common in Europe. Very few data exist on the prevalence and genotypes ofT. gondiiin the UK. Wildlife can act as sentinel species forT. gondiigenotypes present in the environment, which may subsequently be transmitted to livestock and humans. DNA was extracted from tissue samples of wild British carnivores, including 99 ferrets, 83 red foxes, 70 polecats, 65 mink, 64 badgers and 9 stoats. Parasite DNA was detected using a nested ITS1 PCR specific forT. gondii, PCR positive samples were subsequently genotyped using five PCR–RFLP markers.Toxoplasma gondiiDNA was detected within all these mammal species and prevalence varied from 6·0 to 44·4% depending on the host. PCR–RFLP genotyping identified type II as the predominant lineage, but type III and type I alleles were also identified. No atypical or mixed genotypes were identified within these animals. This study demonstrates the presence of alleles for all three clonal lineages with potential for transmission to cats and livestock. This is the first DNA-based study ofT. gondiiprevalence and genotypes across a broad range of wild British carnivores.

High Humidity, Low Humidity, and Mist Therapy for Croup

JAMA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Richard Gabor
Keyword(s):  
High Humidity ◽  
Low Humidity

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free-range chickens reveals new genotypes in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende ◽  
Jaqueline Ataíde Silva Lima da Igreja ◽  
Antônio Roberto Gomes-Júnior ◽  
Jade de Oliveira Melo ◽  
João Luís Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Peptic Digestion ◽  
Brain Cysts ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotypic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from free-range chickens in the metropolitan area of Goiânia, Goiás, in Brazil’s central-west region. The seroprevalence rate was found to be 96%, according to an indirect hemagglutination assay. Brain and heart samples were processed by peptic digestion for a mice bioassay. The tissues were homogenized and the resulting samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revealed that 64% of them contained the parasite's DNA. The mice bioassay revealed 15 isolates, 8 of them tachyzoites isolates from the peritoneal lavage and 7 from brain cysts. T. gondii genotypes were determined through PCR-RFLP, using the following markers: SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, alt. SAG2, Apico and CS3. Three genotypes were identified, inclued ToxoDB #65, and the other two are not yet described in the literature. Hence, we conclude that the isolates obtained from the metropolitan area of Goiânia showed relatively low genetic diversity.

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