scholarly journals The “Dark Side” of Pneumoperitoneum and Laparoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Rosaria Umano ◽  
Giulia Delehaye ◽  
Carmine Noviello ◽  
Alfonso Papparella
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum ◽  
Hospital Stays

Laparoscopic surgery has been one of the most common procedures for abdominal surgery at pediatric age during the last few decades as it has several advantages compared to laparotomy, such as shorter hospital stays, less pain, and better cosmetic results. However, it is associated with both local and systemic modifications. Recent evidence demonstrated that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum might be modulated in terms of pressure, duration, temperature, and humidity to mitigate and modulate these changes. The aim of this study is to review the current knowledge about animal and human models investigating pneumoperitoneum-related biological and histological impairment. In particular, pneumoperitoneum is associated with local and systemic inflammation, acidosis, oxidative stress, mesothelium lining abnormalities, and adhesion development. Animal studies reported that an increase in pressure and time and a decrease in humidity and temperature might enhance the rate of comorbidities. However, to date, few studies were conducted on humans; therefore, this research field should be further investigated to confirm in experimental models and humans how to improve laparoscopic procedures in the spirit of minimally invasive surgeries.

scholarly journals Serum Albumin Redox States: More than Oxidative Stress Biomarker

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Fuka Tabata ◽  
Yasuaki Wada ◽  
Satomi Kawakami ◽  
Kazuhiro Miyaji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress

Serum albumin is the most abundant circulating protein in mammals including humans. It has three isoforms according to the redox state of the free cysteine residue at position 34, named as mercaptalbumin (reduced albumin), non-mercaptalbumin-1 and -2 (oxidized albumin), respectively. The serum albumin redox state has long been viewed as a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress, as the redox state shifts to a more oxidized state in response to the severity of the pathological condition in various diseases such as liver diseases and renal failures. However, recent ex vivo studies revealed oxidized albumin per se could aggravate the pathological conditions. Furthermore, the possibility of the serum albumin redox state as a sensitive protein nutrition biomarker has also been demonstrated in a series of animal studies. A paradigm shift is thus ongoing in the research field of the serum albumin. This article provides an updated overview of analytical techniques for serum albumin redox state and its association with human health, focusing on recent findings.

Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum induces systemic oxidative stress: a clinical study

2012 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turhan Aran ◽  
Mesut A. Unsal ◽  
Suleyman Guven ◽  
Cavit Kart ◽  
Esra Can Cetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Lipids on the Reverse Cholesterol Transport: What We Learned from Animal Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Bianca Papotti ◽  
Joan Carles Escolà-Gil ◽  
Josep Julve ◽  
Francesco Potì ◽  
Ilaria Zanotti
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a physiological mechanism protecting cells from an excessive accumulation of cholesterol. When this process begins in vascular macrophages, it acquires antiatherogenic properties, as has been widely demonstrated in animal models. Dietary lipids, despite representing a fundamental source of energy and exerting multiple biological functions, may induce detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of the most relevant classes of dietary lipids, such as fatty acids, sterols and liposoluble vitamins, with effects on different steps of RCT. We also provide a critical analysis of data obtained from experimental models which can serve as a valuable tool to clarify the effects of dietary lipids on cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Interaction between Neurons and the Oligodendroglial Lineage in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Preclinical Models

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Pantazou ◽  
Thomas Roux ◽  
Vanessa Oliveira Moreira ◽  
Catherine Lubetzki ◽  
Anne Desmazières
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Neuron Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex central nervous system inflammatory disease leading to demyelination and associated functional deficits. Though endogenous remyelination exists, it is only partial and, with time, patients can enter a progressive phase of the disease, with neurodegeneration as a hallmark. Though major therapeutic advances have been made, with immunotherapies reducing relapse rate during the inflammatory phase of MS, there is presently no therapy available which significantly impacts disease progression. Remyelination has been shown to favor neuroprotection, and it is thus of major importance to better understand remyelination mechanisms in order to promote them and hence preserve neurons. A crucial point is how this process is regulated through the neuronal crosstalk with the oligodendroglial lineage. In this review, we present the current knowledge on neuron interaction with the oligodendroglial lineage, in physiological context as well as in MS and its experimental models. We further discuss the therapeutic possibilities resulting from this research field, which might allow to support remyelination and neuroprotection and thus limit MS progression.

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