scholarly journals Modulatory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01 on Mechanical Sensitivity in a Female Diet-Induced Obesity Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hiva Alipour ◽  
Parisa Gazerani ◽  
Mahmoud Heidari ◽  
Fereshteh Dardmeh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mechanical Sensitivity ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Mechanical Pain Thresholds

Obese animals and humans demonstrate higher sensitivity to pain stimuli. Among the endogenous factors prompting obesity, the intestinal microbiota has been proposed to influence responsiveness to pain. The beneficial effects of probiotics on obesity are well documented, whereas data on their analgesic efficacy is minimal. The protective effect of probiotics on nociception in diet-induced obese male mice has been previously demonstrated, but the sex differences in pain sensitivity and analgesic response do not allow for the generalization of these findings to the female gender. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the potential effects of oral probiotic supplementation on mechanical pain thresholds in female diet-induced obese mice compared with controls. Thirty-two adult female mice ( N = 32 ) were randomly divided into two groups receiving standard (normal-weight group; NW) or high-fat diet (diet-induced obesity; DIO). All rats received a single daily dose (1 × 109 CFU) of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01, DSM14870) for four weeks by gavage. Mechanical pain thresholds were recorded by an electronic von Frey device at baseline, at the end of weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 in both DIO and NW groups with and without consumption of probiotics. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of lipid profile and reproductive hormone levels. Bodyweight was considerably lower ( P < 0.001 ) in groups supplied with probiotics than groups without probiotics. Pressure pain threshold values showed a significant ( P < 0.001 ) increase (reduced pain sensitivity) following probiotic supplementation, proposing a modulatory effect of probiotics on mechanical sensory circuits and mechanical sensitivity, which might be a direct consequence of weight loss or an indirect result of the probiotics’ anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding the precise underlying mechanism for the effect of probiotics on weight loss and mechanical pain sensitivity seen in this study warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Potential Nociceptive Regulatory Effect of ProbioticLactobacillus rhamnosusPB01 (DSM 14870) on Mechanical Sensitivity in Diet-Induced Obesity Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Dardmeh ◽  
Hans Ingolf Nielsen ◽  
Hiva Alipour ◽  
Benedict Kjærgaard ◽  
Erik Brandsborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Mechanical Pain Thresholds

Treatments for obesity have been shown to reduce pain secondary to weight loss. Intestinal microbiota, as an endogenous factor, influences obesity and pain sensitivity but the effect of oral probiotic supplementation on musculoskeletal pain perception has not been studied systematically. The present study examined the effect of a single daily oral dose (1 × 109CFU) of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosusPB01, DSM14870) supplement on mechanical pain thresholds in behaving diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and their normal weight (NW) controls. The mice (N=24, 6-week-old male) were randomly divided into four groups on either standard or high fat diet with and without probiotic supplementation. Both DIO and NW groups with probiotic supplementation maintained an insignificant weight gain while the control groups gained significant weight (P<0.05). Similarly, both DIO and NW probiotics supplemented groups demonstrated a significantly (P<0.05) lower sensitivity to mechanical stimulation compared to their corresponding control. The results of this study suggest a protective effect of probiotics on nociception circuits, which propose a direct result of the weight reduction or an indirect result of anti-inflammatory properties of the probiotics. Deciphering the exact underlying mechanism of the weight loss and lowering nociception effect of the probiotic applied in this study require further investigation.

scholarly journals Pain threshold - measure of pain sensitivity or social behavior?

Psihologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koraljka Modic-Stanke ◽  
Dragutin Ivanec
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Threshold Measure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Effects

The aim was to examine the effect of the experimenter?s social status and its interaction with participant?s gender on pressure pain threshold. Both male and female students participated in the study (N = 96) and were evenly assigned into two groups which differed only in the professional status of the experimenter who was a professor (higher status) in one group and a student (lower status) in the other. The factorial ANOVA revealed statistically significant and large main effects of the experimenter?s status and the participants? gender, indicating higher pain thresholds in male participants and in the higher status experimenter group. Although both males and females had higher pain thresholds when measured by a higher status experimenter, a statistically significant interaction revealed that status affected male participants more so than females. The obtained results are probably due to social behaviour, emphasizing relevance of the experimenter?s and participants? characteristics in pain measurement.

Do pain-associated contexts increase pain sensitivity? An investigation using virtual reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Harvie ◽  
Michele Sterling ◽  
Ashley D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Mechanical Pain Thresholds

Abstract Background and aims Pain is not a linear result of nociception, but is dependent on multisensory inputs, psychological factors, and prior experience. Since nociceptive models appear insufficient to explain chronic pain, understanding non-nociceptive contributors is imperative. Several recent models propose that cues associatively linked to painful events might acquire the capacity to augment, or even cause, pain. This experiment aimed to determine whether contexts associated with pain, could modulate mechanical pain thresholds and pain intensity. Methods Forty-eight healthy participants underwent a contextual conditioning procedure, where three neutral virtual reality contexts were paired with either unpredictable noxious stimulation, unpredictable vibrotactile stimulation, or no stimulation. Following the conditioning procedure, mechanical pain thresholds and pain evoked by a test stimulus were examined in each context. In the test phase, the effect of expectancy was equalised across conditions by informing participants when thresholds and painful stimuli would be presented. Results Contrary to our hypothesis, scenes that were associated with noxious stimulation did not increase mechanical sensitivity (p=0.08), or increase pain intensity (p=0.46). However, an interaction with sex highlighted the possibility that pain-associated contexts may alter pain sensitivity in females but not males (p=0.03). Conclusions Overall, our data does not support the idea that pain-associated contexts can alter pain sensitivity in healthy asymptomatic individuals. That an effect was shown in females highlights the possibility that some subgroups may be susceptible to such an effect, although the magnitude of the effect may lack real-world significance. If pain-associated cues prove to have a relevant pain augmenting effect, in some subgroups, procedures aimed at extinguishing pain-related associations may have therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Effect of probiotic supplementation along with calorie restriction on metabolic endotoxemia, and inflammation markers in coronary artery disease patients: a double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Moludi ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Shaimaa A. Qaisar ◽  
Pourya Gholizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

Abstract Purpose Alterations in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) has been associated with increased microbial translocation, leading to chronic inflammation in coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been proposed that modulation of gut microbiota by probiotic might modify metabolic endotoxemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on endotoxin level, and biomarkers of inflammation in CAD participants. Methods This study was a 12-weeks randomized, double-blind, and intervention on 44 patients with CAD. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either one LGG capsule 1.6 × 109 colony-forming unit (CFU) or the placebo capsules for 12 weeks. In addition, all the participants were also prescribed a calorie-restricted diet. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were assessed before and after the intervention. Results A significant decrease in IL1-Beta concentration (− 1.88 ± 2.25, vs. 0.50 ± 1.58 mmol/L, P = 0.027), and LPS levels (− 5.88 ± 2.70 vs. 2.96+ 5.27 mg/L, P = 0.016), was observed after the probiotic supplementation compared with the placebo. Participants who had ≥2.5 kg weight loss showed significantly improved cardiovascular-related factors, compared to patients with < 2.5 kg weight reduction, regardless of the supplement they took. Conclusion These data provide preliminary evidence that probiotic supplementation has beneficial effects on metabolic endotoxemia, and mega inflammation in participants with CAD.

The tolerance to stretch is linked with endogenous modulation of pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Pallisgaard Støve ◽  
Rogerio Pessoto Hirata ◽  
Thorvaldur Skuli Palsson
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Static Stretch ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Objectives The effect of stretching on joint range of motion is well documented, and although sensory perception has significance for changes in the tolerance to stretch following stretching the underlining mechanisms responsible for these changes is insufficiently understood. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms on stretch tolerance and to investigate the relationship between range of motion and changes in pain sensitivity. Methods Nineteen healthy males participated in this randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, conducted on 2 separate days. Knee extension range of motion, passive resistive torque, and pressure pain thresholds were recorded before, after, and 10 min after each of four experimental conditions; (i) Exercise-induced hypoalgesia, (ii) two bouts of static stretching, (iii) resting, and (iv) a remote, painful stimulus induced by the cold pressor test. Results Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and cold pressor test caused an increase in range of motion (p<0.034) and pressure pain thresholds (p<0.027). Moderate correlations in pressure pain thresholds were found between exercise-induced hypoalgesia and static stretch (Rho>0.507, p=0.01) and exercise-induced hypoalgesia and the cold pressor test (Rho=0.562, p=0.01). A weak correlation in pressure pain thresholds and changes in range of motion were found following the cold pressor test (Rho=0.460, p=0.047). However, a potential carryover hypoalgesic effect may have affected the results of the static stretch. Conclusions These results suggest that stretch tolerance may be linked with endogenous modulation of pain. Present results suggest, that stretch tolerance may merely be a marker for pain sensitivity which may have clinical significance given that stretching is often prescribed in the rehabilitation of different musculoskeletal pain conditions where reduced endogenous pain inhibition is frequently seen.

scholarly journals Replacing a Palatable High-Fat Diet with a Low-Fat Alternative Heightens κ-Opioid Receptor Control over Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Conner W. Wallace ◽  
Nari S. Beatty ◽  
Sarah A. Hutcherson ◽  
Heather A. Emmons ◽  
Madison C. Loudermilt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Diet-induced obesity reduces dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and stressful weight loss interventions could promote cravings for palatable foods high in fat and sugar that stimulate dopamine. Activation of κ-opioid receptors (KORs) reduces synaptic dopamine, but contribution of KORs to lower dopamine tone after dietary changes is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the function of KORs in C57BL/6 mice that consumed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks followed by replacement of HFD with a control 10% fat diet for one day or one week. HFD replacement induced voluntary caloric restriction and weight loss. However, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry revealed no differences in baseline dopamine parameters, whereas sex effects were revealed during KOR stimulation. NAc core dopamine release was reduced by KOR agonism after one day of HFD replacement in females but after one week of HFD replacement in males. Further, elevated plus-maze testing revealed no diet effects during HFD replacement on overt anxiety. These results suggest that KORs reduce NAc dopamine tone and increase food-related anxiety during dietary weight loss interventions that could subsequently promote palatable food cravings and inhibit weight loss.

scholarly journals Effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance among overweight and obese premenopausal females

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa H. Foula ◽  
Rana H. Emara ◽  
Mona K. Eldeeb ◽  
Samiha A. Mokhtar ◽  
Fikrat A. El-Sahn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Serum Adiponectin Level ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract Background Obesity has emerged as a public health crisis in many populations including Egypt. Adipose tissue produces a number of adipokines, one of them is adiponectin which has attracted much attention because of its antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects. Objective To determine the effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance among overweight and obese adult premenopausal females. Study design A pre-postintervention study was carried out among 95 premenopausal overweight and obese females (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 20 to 40 years at the integrated health clinic affiliated to the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt, from February 2016 to February 2017. All participants underwent a weight loss program based on a reduced calorie balanced diet and advised to increase their physical activity. Dietary instructions and follow-up were done weekly throughout 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected to investigate serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results After 16 weeks, a significant decrease in body weight by 9.7% was associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin from 13.3 ± 4.9 μg/ml to 18.5 ± 5.6 μg/ml. Both fasting insulin and insulin resistance had decreased significantly by 13.6% and 13.7%, respectively. Conclusion A weight reduction program depending on a reduced calorie diet for 16 weeks was associated with a significant increase in total adiponectin level and reduction in insulin resistance. An emphasis on the importance of keeping normal weight through nutritional education and the promotion of healthy diets is recommended to reduce the risk of occurrence of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Weight reduction in the management of hypertension: Epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrain Reisin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight

A number of studies have established a close association between increased body mass and elevated blood pressure. The presence of obesity in hypertensive subjects is associated with some hemodynamic, metabolic, and endocrinic characteristics: an increased intravascular volume with a high intracellular body water/interstitial fluid volume ratio, increased cardiac output, stroke volume, and left ventricular work while peripheral resistance was reduced or normal. Weight loss of at least 10 kg can reduce blood pressure independently of changes in sodium intake in obese persons of both sexes with mild, moderate, or severe high blood pressure. The fall in arterial pressure in obese hypertensives after weight loss may reverse many of the previously mentioned altered findings and underscore previous epidemiological studies that have shown that weight control could be an important measure in the treatment of hypertension.

The Effects of an Acute Maximal Seated Lumbar Spine Flexion Exposure on Low Back Mechanical Pain Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel Viggiani ◽  
Jack P. Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Pressure Algometry ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
Sensitivity Changes ◽  
Neural Feedback

Viscoelastic creep generated in the lumbar spine following sustained spine flexion may affect the relationship between tissue damage and perceived pain. Two processes supporting this altered relationship include altered neural feedback and inflammatory processes. Our purpose was to determine how low back mechanical pain sensitivity changes following seated lumbar spine flexion using pressure algometry in a repeated-measures, cross-sectional laboratory design. Thirty-eight participants underwent a 10-minute sustained seated maximal flexion exposure with a 40-minute standing recovery period. Pressure algometry assessed pressure pain thresholds and the perceived intensity and unpleasantness of fixed pressures. Accelerometers measured spine flexion angles, and electromyography measured muscular activity during flexion. The flexion exposure produced 4.4° (2.7°) of creep that persisted throughout the entire recovery period. The perception of low back stimulus unpleasantness was elevated immediately following the exposure, 20 minutes before a delayed increase in lumbar erector spinae muscle activity. Women reported the fixed pressures to be more intense than men. Sustained flexion had immediate consequences to the quality of mechanical stimulus perceived but did not alter pressure pain thresholds. Neural feedback and inflammation seemed unlikely mechanisms for this given the time and direction of pain sensitivity changes, leaving a postulated cortical influence.

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