scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Taste Receptor Genes (SCNN1B, TRPV1) and Its Correlation with the Perception of Saltiness in Normotensive and Hypertensive Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pradtana Tapanee ◽  
Diane K. Tidwell ◽  
M. Wes Schilling ◽  
Daniel G. Peterson ◽  
Terezie Tolar-Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Age Range

Background. Different taste preferences correlated with genetic variations may lead to food consumption patterns that contribute to nutrient-related health outcomes such as hypertension. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the salt taste receptor genes SCNN1B and TRPV1 affect salt taste perception among normotensive and hypertensive people. Materials and Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional case control study by design consisting of a normotensive and hypertensive group. Participants were 253 adults with age range of 20–82 residing in Mississippi, USA. For each of 128 normotensives and 125 hypertensives, the salt taste recognition threshold and salt taste receptor genotype were determined. Results. The hypertensive group had a higher salt taste recognition threshold than the normotensive group ( P < 0.001 ). The polymorphism of TRPV1, rs4790522, with the AA genotype was associated with a higher salt recognition threshold (lower salt taste sensitivity) in people with hypertension and obesity. Moreover, the polymorphism of TRPV1, rs8065080, and SCNN1B, rs239345, genes were associated with a risk of hypertension ( P = 0.016 and P = 0.024 ). Conclusion. Correlations between SNPs, salt taste sensitivity, and hypertension risk were observed. People with hypertension had a higher salt taste threshold than those with normotension.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes, Taste Function and Dietary Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Adults in the Guelph Family Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Chamoun ◽  
Nicholas Carroll ◽  
Lisa Duizer ◽  
Wenjuan Qi ◽  
Zeny Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Salt Taste

Taste is a fundamental determinant of food selection, and inter-individual variations in taste perception may be important risk factors for poor eating habits and obesity. Characterizing differences in taste perception and their influences on dietary intake may lead to an improved understanding of obesity risk and a potential to develop personalized nutrition recommendations. This study explored associations between 93 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sweet, fat, bitter, salt, sour, and umami taste receptors and psychophysical measures of taste. Forty-four families from the Guelph Family Health Study participated, including 60 children and 65 adults. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis and parents completed a three-day food record for their children. Parents underwent a test for suprathreshold sensitivity (ST) and taste preference (PR) for sweet, fat, salt, umami, and sour as well as a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste status test. Children underwent PR tests and a PTC taste status test. Analysis of SNPs and psychophysical measures of taste yielded 23 significant associations in parents and 11 in children. After adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing, the rs713598 in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene and rs236514 in the KCNJ2 sour taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with PTC ST and sour PR in parents, respectively. In children, rs173135 in KCNJ2 and rs4790522 in the TRPV1 salt taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with sour and salt taste PRs, respectively. A multiple trait analysis of PR and nutrient composition of diet in the children revealed that rs9701796 in the TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor gene was associated with both sweet PR and percent energy from added sugar in the diet. These findings provide evidence that for bitter, sour, salt, and sweet taste, certain genetic variants are associated with taste function and may be implicated in eating patterns. (Support was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs).

scholarly journals Salt taste perception and blood pressure levels in population-based samples: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Asako Kudo ◽  
Akihiko Kitamura ◽  
Hironori Imano ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Mitsumasa Umesawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Taste

AbstractTo examine the associations of salt perception with salt intake and blood pressure levels in general populations, we performed a cross-sectional study in two communities where salt intake level is different, Akita and Osaka in Japan. Taste perception (detection for certain taste and recognition for salt taste) was determined using a Na-impregnated test strip for 1024 Akita and 1199 Osaka adults aged 30–74 years. The proportions of detection for 0·1 % salt were 61, 62, 79, and 79 % in Akita men, Osaka men, Akita women and Osaka women, respectively. The corresponding proportions of not recognising of 1·6 % salt taste (>1·6 %) were 34, 30, 16 and 21 %. Detection threshold was higher in Akita than in Osaka for women aged 60–74 years, and recognition threshold was lower in Akita than in Osaka for women aged 30–59 and 60–74 years. The high detection (≥0·4 %) and recognition (>1·6 %) thresholds of salt taste were associated with higher salt intake scores for Akita men aged 30–59 years, whose detection and recognition thresholds tended be positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) after adjustment for potential confounders. Among Akita elderly men, detection threshold tended to be positively associated with SBP and DBP, while among Akita middle-aged women, recognition threshold was associated with SBP. In conclusion, the high thresholds of salt perception were inversely associated with salt intake for Akita middle-aged men and with blood pressure levels for Akita middle-aged and elderly men and middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Variation in type two taste receptor genes is associated with bitter tasting phenylthiocarbamide consumption in mature Targhee and Rambouillet rams

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M Davenport ◽  
J Bret Taylor ◽  
Dillan Henslee ◽  
Claire Southerland ◽  
Joel Yelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Grazing Systems

Abstract Bitter taste perception in sheep can lead to avoidance of specific types of forage, such as sagebrush, which is present on many rangeland grazing systems in the Intermountain West. In humans, bitter taste perception is influenced by variation in several TAS2R genes, including more extensively studied TAS2R38 and TAS2R16. We hypothesize that variation in taste receptor genes in sheep is associated with bitter taste. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine variation in TAS2R genes in relation to consumption of a bitter tasting compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) which determines bitter “taster” and “non-taster” status in humans. Rambouillet and Targhee rams (n = 26) were offered various concentrations of PTC solution (0.2–12.29 mM) and water in a side-by-side presentation during two experiments. Blood was collected for DNA isolation and sequencing. Nineteen TAS2R genes were amplified and sequenced with long read Oxford Nanopore MinION technology. A total of 1,049 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 26 haplotypes were identified in these genes. Of these, 24 SNPs and 11 haplotypes were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) associated with PTC consumption in TAS2R3, TAS2R5, TAS2R8, TAS2R9, TAS2R16, TAS2R31-like, TAS2R38, TAS2R39, and TAS2R42-like. Over 50% of the SNPs resulted in a change in amino acid sequence and several resided in potential regulatory regions, which could have downstream functional consequences and influence bitter taste perception in sheep. Further research is needed to validate these associations and elucidate the mechanisms that link variation in TAS2R genes to bitter taste perception in sheep. This may enable producers to select sheep more likely to consume bitter forage such as sagebrush as a flock and rangeland management strategy.

scholarly journals Genetic Variants in Smoking-Related Genes in Two Smoking Cessation Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6597
Author(s):  
Gloria Pérez-Rubio ◽  
Luis Alberto López-Flores ◽  
Ana Paula Cupertino ◽  
Francisco Cartujano-Barrera ◽  
Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Genomic Regions

Previous studies have identified variants in genes encoding proteins associated with the degree of addiction, smoking onset, and cessation. We aimed to describe thirty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven candidate genomic regions spanning six genes associated with tobacco-smoking in a cross-sectional study from two different interventions for quitting smoking: (1) thirty-eight smokers were recruited via multimedia to participate in e-Decídete! program (e-Dec) and (2) ninety-four attended an institutional smoking cessation program on-site. SNPs genotyping was done by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. The analysis of alleles and genotypes was carried out using the EpiInfo v7. on-site subjects had more years smoking and tobacco index than e-Dec smokers (p < 0.05, both); in CYP2A6 we found differences in the rs28399433 (p < 0.01), the e-Dec group had a higher frequency of TT genotype (0.78 vs. 0.35), and TG genotype frequency was higher in the on-site group (0.63 vs. 0.18), same as GG genotype (0.03 vs. 0.02). Moreover, three SNPs in NRXN1, two in CHRNA3, and two in CHRNA5 had differences in genotype frequencies (p < 0.01). Cigarettes per day were different (p < 0.05) in the metabolizer classification by CYP2A6 alleles. In conclusion, subjects attending a mobile smoking cessation intervention smoked fewer cigarettes per day, by fewer years, and by fewer cumulative pack-years. There were differences in the genotype frequencies of SNPs in genes related to nicotine metabolism and nicotine dependence. Slow metabolizers smoked more cigarettes per day than intermediate and normal metabolizers.

scholarly journals Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in COL1A2 Gene and Dental Fluorosis Among 4 and 8-Year-Old Nigerian Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ruth Valentine ◽  
Olushola Ibiyemi ◽  
Anne Maguire ◽  
Fatemeh Vida Zohoori ◽  
Simon Kometa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Col1a2 Gene ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Study Participants

Aim: To determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the COL1A2 gene and dental fluorosis among 4- and 8-year-old Nigerian children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 125 four and eight-year-old Nigerian children living in naturally fluoridated areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. Drinking and cooking water samples were collected for F analysis. Buccal mucosa swabs were collected from all children and genomic DNA extracted. Presence or absence of the SNP within the COL1A2 gene was identified by PCR and DNA sequencing for 70 of the participants. Results: The median (minimum, maximum) F concentration of drinking and cooking water were 0.05 (<0.1, 3.0) mg/L and 0.01 (<0.1, 4.0) mg/L respectively. The majority of the study participants (52.9%) were heterozygous for the SNP. There was a statistically significant association between F concentration in drinking water and the occurrence of dental fluorosis (p=0.04). F concentration in drinking water was the only statistically significant predictor of dental fluorosis (p=0.03, OR=3.64(CI=1.11-11.94)) after adjusting for F concentration in cooking water and SNPs. The risk of dental fluorosis tended to increase with the presence of SNPs AA and AC (RR > 1) but this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The majority of the study participants had the heterozygote SNP AC genotype of COL1A2 gene. F concentration in drinking water was the only statistically significant predictor of dental fluorosis. The risk of dental fluorosis tended to increase with the presence of SNPs AA and AC (RR > 1) but was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina Nika Veček ◽  
Lana Mucalo ◽  
Ružica Dragun ◽  
Tanja Miličević ◽  
Ajka Pribisalić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Diet Compliance

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread disorder and an important public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between salt taste perception, Mediterranean diet and MetS. This cross-sectional study included 2798 subjects from the general population of Dalmatia, Croatia. MetS was determined using the Joint Interim Statement definition, and Mediterranean diet compliance was estimated using Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Salt taste perception was assessed by threshold and suprathreshold testing (intensity and hedonic perception). Logistic regression was used in the analysis, adjusting for important confounding factors. As many as 44% of subjects had MetS, with elevated waist circumference as the most common component (77%). Higher salt taste sensitivity (lower threshold) was associated with several positive outcomes: lower odds of MetS (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.92), lower odds for elevated waist circumference (0.47; 0.27–0.82), elevated fasting glucose or diabetes (0.65; 0.45–0.94), and reduced HDL cholesterol (0.59; 0.42–0.84), compared to the higher threshold group. Subjects with lower salt taste threshold were more likely to consume more fruit, and less likely to adhere to olive oil and white meat guidelines, but without a difference in the overall Mediterranean diet compliance. Salt taste intensity perception was not associated with any of the investigated outcomes, while salty solution liking was associated with MetS (OR = 1.85, CI 95% 1.02–3.35). This study identified an association between salt taste perception and MetS and gave a new insight into taste perception, nutrition, and possible health outcomes.

scholarly journals Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cardiovascular Developmental Critical Genes and Hypertension: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zhao ◽  
Chunmei Gong ◽  
Yanfang Gao ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Sai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Cardiovascular development critical genes are key determinants in cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesize that SNPs in these genes may play critical roles in the development of hypertension. Therefore, we enrolled 516 paired hypertension patients and controls in a total of 2,742 subjects in a cross-sectional population study by the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Twenty-one SNPs from 5 cardiovascular developmental related genes were detected by the improved multiplex ligase detection reaction (iMLDR) method. Conditioned logistic regression under three different genetic models, namely, additive model, dominant model, and recessive model, was performed. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the associations of SNPs with hypertension. We found that the distribution of genotypes at rs833061, rs3025010, and rs699947 within the VEGFA gene and the distribution of alleles at rs3025010 in hypertension subjects were different from those in controls. Both rs833061 and rs3025010 were associated with hypertension in crude models, but only rs3025010 remains associated with hypertension after adjusting with confounding factors in the additive model and the dominant model. We also found that hypertension subjects with C/T and C/C genotypes at rs3025010 had lower SBP and DBP levels. In addition, rs3025010 could interact with rs6784267 within the CCM3 gene in the association. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rs3025010 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which may be a potential target for individualized prevention and treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals Association between Salivary Leptin Levels and Taste Perception in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lénia Rodrigues ◽  
Rosa Espanca ◽  
Ana Rodrigues Costa ◽  
Célia Miguel Antunes ◽  
Clarinda Pomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Threshold Detection ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Whole Saliva

The satiety inducing hormone leptin acts not only at central nervous system but also at peripheral level. Leptin receptors are found in several sense related organs, including the mouth. A role of leptin in sweet taste response has been suggested but, until now, studies have been based on in vitro experiments, or in assessing the levels of the hormone in circulation. The present study investigated whether the levels of leptin in saliva are related to taste perception in children and whether Body Mass Index (BMI) affects such relationship. Sweet and bitter taste sensitivity was assessed for 121 children aged 9-10 years and unstimulated whole saliva was collected for leptin quantification, using ELISA technique. Children females with lower sweet taste sensitivity presented higher salivary leptin levels, but this is only in the normal weight ones. For bitter taste, association between salivary leptin and caffeine threshold detection was observed only in preobese boys, with higher levels of salivary hormone in low sensitive individuals. This study is the first presenting evidences of a relationship between salivary leptin levels and taste perception, which is sex and BMI dependent. The mode of action of salivary leptin at taste receptor level should be elucidated in future studies.

scholarly journals Salt Taste Genotype, Dietary Habits and Biomarkers of Health: No Associations in an Elderly Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Ferraris ◽  
Alexandria Turner ◽  
Kiranjit Kaur ◽  
Jessica Piper ◽  
Martin Veysey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Elderly Cohort

A small amount of emerging research has observed variations between individual sensitivity, preference and intake of salt in the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the genes encoding salt taste receptors. Sodium intake is a significant risk factor for common diseases in elderly populations such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease; however, this does not fully explain the risk. Research into the influence of salt taste genetics on diet quality is yet to be undertaken and current research on indicators of health is limited and mixed in the direction of associations. Therefore, a secondary analysis of data from a well-characterised elderly cohort (the cross-sectional Retirement Health and Lifestyle Study, n = 536) was conducted to explore relationships between the salt taste-related SNP TRPV1-rs8065080 (assessed by Taqman genotyping assay), dietary habits and biomarkers of health. Data were analysed with standard least squares regression modelling and Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests. No association was found between the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype, sodium intake or multiple diet quality indices (assessed by food frequency questionnaire). Sodium-related markers of health including blood pressure and markers of kidney function (urinary creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratio) and general health markers, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), were also not related to TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype. To date, this study is the most comprehensive investigation conducted to determine if the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype relates to sodium intake and health markers influenced by sodium intake. Although no significant relationships were found, these findings are an important contribution to the limited body of knowledge surround this SNP. In addition to further research across other ages and cultures, the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype may interact with other ion channels, and so further studies are required to determine if polymorphic variations influence sodium intake, diet and health.

scholarly journals Oestradiol metabolism and androgen receptor genotypes are associated with right ventricular function

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey E. Ventetuolo ◽  
Nandita Mitra ◽  
Fei Wan ◽  
Ani Manichaikul ◽  
R. Graham Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Tight Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rv Function

Sex hormones are linked to right ventricular (RV) function, but the relationship between genetic variation in these pathways and RV function is unknown.We performed a cross-sectional study of 2761 genotyped adults without cardiovascular disease. The relationships between RV measures and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 candidate genes were assessed. Urinary oestradiol (E2) metabolites produced by cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) and serum testosterone were measured in women and men respectively.In African-American (AA) women, the CYP1B1 SNP rs162561 was associated with RV ejection fraction (RVEF), such that each copy of the A allele was associated with a 2.0% increase in RVEF. Haplotype analysis revealed associations with RVEF in AA (global p<7.2×10−6) and white (global p=0.05) women. In white subjects, higher E2 metabolite levels were associated with significantly higher RVEF. In men, androgen receptors SNPs (rs1337080; rs5918764) were significantly associated with all RV measures and modified the relationship between testosterone and RVEF.Genetic variation in E2 metabolism and androgen signalling was associated with RV morphology in a sex-specific manner. The CYP1B1 SNP identified is in tight linkage disequilibrium with SNPs associated with pulmonary hypertension and oncogenesis, suggesting these pathways may underpin sexual dimorphism in RV failure.

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