scholarly journals Tong Xie Yao Fang: A Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription with Potential for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yu Lou ◽  
Ying Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Administration Regimen ◽  
Medicine Prescription ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motor

The prescription of Tong Xie Yao Fang (TXYF) was derived from the Yuan dynasty “Dan Brook Heart Law,” which was a representative formula for treating liver-spleen disharmony, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The prescription is composed of four herbs for soothing the liver and strengthening the spleen. TXYF is reportedly capable of eliminating discomfort in ulcerative colitis (UC). This classic formula has been widely used for regulating gastrointestinal motor dysfunction and repairing colon mucosa. This review aims to provide current information on the pharmacology and clinical research of TXYF in the treatment of UC, and to critically appraise that information, in order to guide the future clinical use and experimental study of TXYF in the treatment of UC. We searched online databases including PubMed, CNKI, and Google Scholar for research published between 2010 and 2020 on TXYF and its efficacy in the treatment of UC. The findings indicated that TXYF has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, regulates cell signal transduction, brain-gut axis, and intestinal flora in UC, and may promote targeting of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to the colonic mucosa and accelerate healing of the colonic mucosal barrier. In addition, the results of clinical studies showed that TXYF has good efficacy and few adverse reactions in the treatment of UC. Although it has achieved some success, the research is limited by deficiencies; there is a lack of unified standards for the construction of UC animal models and for administration regimen. In addition, the dosage of TXYF is not consistent and lacks pharmacological verification, and clinical trial data are not detailed or sufficiently rigorous. Therefore, a more rigorous, comprehensive, and in-depth study of TXYF in the treatment of UC is needed.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium Alleviates Gut Barrier Injury in C57BL/6 Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Weijie Ni ◽  
Junning Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The involvement of gut microbiota composition in ulcerative colitis is strongly supported by previous research. Growing evidence suggests that probiotic therapy protects against inflammatory bowel disease in animal models and patients. However, as a probiotic, the role of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) in UC remains unclear. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism of the protective effect of E. faecium remains unknown. In this study, a dextran sulphate sodium-induced (DSS-induced) colitis model was used to detect the underlying mechanism of E. faecium in maintaining gut homeostasis. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Furthermore, 454 pyrosequencing was used to investigate the microbiota composition in fecal samples. The results illustrate that E. faecium administration could prevent DSS-induced gut inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. At the same time, the damage to intestinal mucosal barrier and tight junctions was partially repaired. These results demonstrate the preventive effect of E. faecium in DSS-induced intestinal injury. The present study provides new insights into the medicinal value of E. faecium for UC.

scholarly journals Nigella A ameliorates inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance in DSS induced colitis mice

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjiang Hu ◽  
Nana Xu ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Xi Hu ◽  
Yunliang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Genus

Abstract Nigella A, also named Sieboldianoside A, has been extracted from many kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), such as Nigella glandulifera, Stauntonia chinensis DC., and the leaves of Acanthopanax sieboldianus. Nigella A exhibited potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. However, whether Nigella A could treat ulcerative colitis (UC) is still unknown. As saponins always be regarded as the kinds of ingredients that could regulate immunity and intestinal flora. This research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Nigella A on UC and explore its effect on intestinal flora. We noted that Nigella A and Sulfasalazine (SASP) could significantly improve the signs and symptoms, alleviate colonic pathological injury in DSS-induced mice. The changing of many specific bacterial genus such as Lactobacillus, Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroides and Escherichia might closely related to the recovery of intestinal inflammatory response. This study initially confirmed the therapeutic effect of Nigella A and SASP on DSS-induced colitis by improving the diversity of intestinal microbial composition. Nigella A has the potential to be developed for the treatment of UC and other disorders related to the imbalance of intestinal flora.

The probiotic supplementation role in improving the immune system among people with ulcerative colitis: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana M. Agraib ◽  
Mohammed I. Yamani ◽  
Yaser Mohammed Rayyan ◽  
Awni Taleb Abu-Sneineh ◽  
Tarek A. Tamimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current evidence on probiotics’ uses as an adjuvant for ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide an understanding of the effect of probiotics supplement on the immune system and inflammatory responses among UC patients and subsequent therapeutic benefits. Content A narrative review of all the relevant published papers known to the author was conducted. Summary UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. About 70% of the human immune system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) originates in the intestine. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help in stabilizing the gut microbiota (nonimmunologic gut defense), restores normal flora, and enhance the humoral immune system. Probiotics especially Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii, and lactic acid-producing bacteria have been used as an adjunct therapy for treating UC to ameliorate disease-related symptoms and reduce relapse rate. Probiotics, in general, modulate the immune system through their ability to enhance the mucosal barrier function, or through their interaction with the local immune system to enhance regulatory T cell responses, decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and increase anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10. Outlook More studies are needed to explore the properties of the various probiotic bacterial strains, their different uses, as well as the dosage of probiotics and duration for treating different disorders. Further clinical investigations on mechanisms of action and how probiotics modulate the immune system may lead to further advances in managing IBD.

A story of liver and gut microbes: how does the intestinal flora affect liver disease? A review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. G889-G906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giuffrè ◽  
Michele Campigotto ◽  
Giuseppina Campisciano ◽  
Manola Comar ◽  
Lory Saveria Crocè
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Gut Mucosal Barrier

Each individual is endowed with a unique gut microbiota (GM) footprint that mediates numerous host-related physiological functions, such as nutrient metabolism, maintenance of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against microbial pathogens. Because of increased scientific interest in the GM, its central role in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal conditions has been recognized. Given the close relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, many pathological processes have been investigated in the light of a microbial-centered hypothesis of hepatic damage. In this review we introduce to neophytes the vast world of gut microbes, including prevalent bacterial distribution in healthy individuals, how the microbiota is commonly analyzed, and the current knowledge of the role of GM in liver disease pathophysiology. Also, we highlight the potentials and downsides of GM-based therapy.

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