scholarly journals Investigating the Anticonvulsant Properties of Aqueous Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves, Roots, and Fruits of Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gideon Drafor ◽  
Emmanuel Duah ◽  
Nelson A. Ankamah ◽  
Godsway E. Kpene ◽  
Priscilla K. Mante
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia ◽  
Convulsive Disorders ◽  
Clonic Convulsions

Convulsion is a typical symptom associated with epilepsy. Jatropha gossypifolia, a common plant in Ghana, has been used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. This study was carried out to ascertain the scientific basis for the traditional utility of Jatropha gossypifolia for various convulsive disorders and also determine the part of the plant with the most anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activity of the leaf, root, and fruit extracts in doses of 30–300 mg/kg was assessed using the picrotoxin-induced seizure models in mice. The drugs and chemical preparations used included diazepam, picrotoxin, ethanol (70%), and normal saline. GraphPad Prism 6 was used for all statistical analysis and plotting of graphs. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. The leaf extract significantly and dose-independently reduced the frequency of myoclonic jerks ( P = 0.0001 ) and decreased the duration of clonic convulsions ( P = 0.019 ). The root extract also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the frequency of myoclonic jerks ( P = 0.001 ) but only decreased the frequency of tonic convulsions at 100 mg/kg ( P = 0.006 ). It also significantly decreased the duration of tonic convulsions ( P = 0.0001 ). The fruit extract only significantly and dose-independently reduced the frequency of myoclonic jerks ( P = 0.0001 ). It, however, showed an increase in the duration of both clonic and tonic convulsions. The study shows that the leaves and roots of Jatropha gossypifolia produce anticonvulsant activity which may be through enhancement of GABAergic transmission or activation of GABA receptors which support the traditional use of the plant to treat epileptic fits.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nishanta Thakuria ◽  
Swarnamoni Das ◽  
Babul Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

Design, Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity, Preclinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Performance of N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazolin- 2-yl] methyl}, 2-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl) 1-cyclo Hexylidene] Hydrazinecarboxamide

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Meena K. Yadav ◽  
Laxmi Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Seizure Models

Background: N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl] methyl}, 2-[(2- isopropyl-5-methyl) 1-cyclohexylidene] hydrazinecarboxamide QS11 was designed by computational study. It possessed essential pharmacophoric features for anticonvulsant activity and showed good docking with iGluRs (Kainate) glutamate receptor. Methods: QSAR and ADMET screening results suggested that QS11 would possess good potency for anticonvulsant activity. QS11 was synthesised and evaluated for its anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity. QS11 showed protection in strychnine, thiosemicarbazide, 4-aminopyridine and scPTZ induced seizure models and MES seizure model. QS11 showed higher ED50, TD50 and PI values as compared to the standard drugs in both MES and scPTZ screen. A high safety profile (HD50/ED50 values) was noted and hypnosis, analgesia, and anaesthesia were only observed at higher doses. No considerable increase or decrease in the concentration of liver enzymes was observed. Optimized QS11 was subjected to preclinical (in-vivo) studies and the pharmacokinetic performance of the sample was investigated. The result revealed that the pharmacokinetic performance of QS11 achieved maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 0.315 ± 0.011 µg/mL at Tmax of 2.0 ± 0.13 h, area under the curve (AUC0-∞) value 4.591 ± 0.163 µg/ml x h, elimination half-life (T1/2) 6.28 ± 0.71 h and elimination rate constant was found 0.110 ± 0.013 h-1. Results and Conclusion: Above evidences indicate that QS11 could serve as a lead for development of new antiepileptic drugs.

Anticonvulsant activity of Benkara malabarica (Linn.) root extract: In vitro and in vivo investigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibha Mishra ◽  
Awadesh Oraon ◽  
Abhimanyu Dev ◽  
Venkatesan Jayaprakash ◽  
Arijit Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Root Extract

scholarly journals Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy-N′-(4-substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Shailesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Laxmi Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Docking Score ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Gabaergic Activity

Novel (benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-N′-(4-substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide derivatives were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activity evaluated by MES and scMET seizure models. Compound 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-N′-benzylideneacetohydrazide (4a) was found to be most potent in MES seizure test and showed no neurotoxicity at the highest administered dose. All the compounds showed high docking score with γ-aminobutyric acid receptor, GABAAR-β3 homopentamer (PDB ID: 4COF). Thus, the probable mechanism of action of benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy-N′-(4-substituted benzylidene)acetohydrazide derivatives (4a-h) may be augmentation of GABAergic activity.

Pharmacological evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of root extract of Saussurea lappa in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirishkumar D. Ambavade ◽  
Nilesh A. Mhetre ◽  
Amol P. Muthal ◽  
Subhash L. Bodhankar
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Saussurea Lappa ◽  
Pharmacological Evaluation

Anticonvulsant activity of intracerebroventricularly administered glial GABA uptake inhibitors and other GABAmimetics in chemical seizure models

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan F. Gonsalves ◽  
Bonnie Twitchell ◽  
Robert E. Harbaugh ◽  
Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen ◽  
Arne Schousboe
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Gaba Uptake ◽  
Uptake Inhibitors ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Gaba Uptake Inhibitors

scholarly journals Application of Green Chemistry Principle in Synthesis of Phenytoin and Its Biogical Evaluation as Anticonvulsant Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S47-S52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Kadam ◽  
Sampada Jangam ◽  
Rajesh Oswal
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Extra Cost ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Anticonvulsant Agents ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Anticonvulsant Agent ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Cns Stimulant

Phenytoin (5,5'-dipenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione) is the prime example of anticonvulsant agent. According to reported procedure, it is synthesized by condensation of benzil and urea in presence of base (30% w/v NaOH) using ethanol as solvent which itself acts as CNS stimulant. Removal of solvent after synthesis is most difficult and non-assured process. In case of phenytoin transformation in polymorphism plays an important role when solvent other than water is used. About 30% extra cost is calculated if solvent other than water is used. Therefore by application of green chemistry principle phenytoin was synthesized by condensation of benzil and urea in presence of base (30% NaOH) and water as green solvent. This compound was characterized on the basis of its spectral (IR,1H NMR) data and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity using MES induced and PTZ induced seizure models in Swiss albino mice. Significant anticonvulsant activity was found by using 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of phenytoin compared with standard phenytoin at 25 mg/kg dose.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Anti-diarrhoeal Activity of Aqueous Extract of Aerial ‎Parts of Hygrophila Auriculata in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
S. I. Salihu ◽  
A. Telta ◽  
M. Chiroma ◽  
N. Daniel ◽  
C. Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Hygrophila auriculata (H. auricalata) plant extract was studied for it phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and its anti-diarrhoea ‎l activity in albino rats using standard procedure. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and saponins. The acute toxicity of the extract was above 2000 mg/kg b. wt which is slightly toxic. The result of castor oil induced diarrhoea ‎ model indicates that the extract at all test doses was significant (p<0.05). Similarly, the extract produced a significant (p<0.05) decline in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at all tested doses. In addition, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test was also observed in all doses of the extract administered. This activity may be attributed to the presence of the identified phytchemicals in the plant extract. The results in this study confirmed the ‎anti-diarrhoea. ‎ ‎l activity of the aerial part of H. auriculata and hence support the folkloric believe and provide the scientific basis for the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark, Leaf and Root Extract of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Lawaly Maman Manzo ◽  
Halima Diallo Bako ◽  
Moussa Idrissa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea

Background: Sclerocarya birrea is widely used in Nigerien communities for medicinal purposes to treat several gastrointestinal diseases including diarrhea. To lend credibility to its traditional use against diarrhea, laboratory studies were conducted. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity and the phytochemical constituents of the crude extracts of root, bark and leaf of S. birrea. Materials and Methods: The collected different plant parts were air dried, powdered and separately extracted with ethanol and methanol. The alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin contents in all the plant parts were estimated using standard methods. The total and serially diluted fractions of the extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against selected enteropathogens by agar well diffusion and deep-well microdilution method. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoid, saponin and tannin in all the plant extracts. The extracts from the different parts showed varied antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. The bark extracts showed superior activity against Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition = 17 mm) and Salmonella typhi (zone of inhibition = 20 mm) at 200 mg/mL. Conclusion: The presence of important phytochemical groups and the antibacterial potential of alcoholic extracts of S. birrea could permit to justify its traditional usage against diarrhea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document