scholarly journals Random-Parameters Behavioral Models to Investigate Determinants of Perceived Safety in Railway Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Coppola ◽  
Luigi dell’Olio ◽  
Fulvio Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Perception Of Safety

Recent studies have highlighted the existence of a gap between actual and perceived safety and have shown that feelings of insecurity can affect individuals’ travel behavior before and during the journey. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for assessing determinants of travelers’ perception of safety and security in railway stations. The methodological approach includes focus groups, stated preference (SP) surveys, and the estimation of behavioral models with fixed parameters (Binomial Logit) and random parameters (Mixed Logit). The estimation results for a medium-sized railway station (Frosinone, Italy) confirmed that safety and security measures are not equally perceived by individuals and the use of random-parameters models leads to more robust estimates. The proposed modeling approach allows the identification of the interventions that should be prioritized to increase travelers’ perceived levels of safety, highlighting those factors, such as, for the considered case study, the presence of security personnel and the level of decorum and maintenance, which are perceived by users as more important than others (e.g., surveillance cameras).

scholarly journals Gender Inequality in Safety and Security Perceptions in Railway Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4007
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Coppola ◽  
Fulvio Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Disaggregate Data

Recent studies have shown that gender is the personal aspect that mostly affects mobility patterns and travel behaviors. It has been observed, for instance, that female perception of unsafety and insecurity when traveling using public transport forces them to make unwanted travel choices, such as avoiding traveling at certain times of day and to specific destinations. In order to improve the attractiveness of public transport services, this gender gap must not be overlooked. This paper aims at contributing to research in gendered mobility by investigating differences in safety and security perceptions in railway stations, and by identifying which policies could be effective in bridging any existing gap. The methodology includes the collection of disaggregate data through a mixed Revealed Preference/Stated Preference survey, and the estimation of fixed and random parameters behavioral models. Results from a medium-sized Italian railway station show that female travelers feel safer in the presence of other people; they prefer intermodal infrastructures close to the entrance of the station and commercial activities in the internal premises. Moreover, unlike male travelers, they do not appreciate the presence of hedges and greenery outside stations.

scholarly journals Analyzing Prospective Owners’ Choice Decision towards Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Urban India: A Stated Preference Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7725
Author(s):  
Reema Bera ◽  
Bhargab Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Choice Decision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) can help decarbonize road transport in urban India. To accelerate the diffusion of PHEVs, investigation of commuter preferences towards the attributes of PHEVs is necessary. Therefore, the present study analyzes prospective owners’ choice decisions towards PHEVs in a typical Indian context. A stated preference survey was designed to collect responses from the current owners of conventional vehicles (CVs) in Delhi, India, and Mixed Logit (ML) models were developed to estimate commuters’ Willingness To Pay (WTP) for a set of key PHEV-specific attributes. The decomposition effect of prospective owners’ sociodemographic characteristics and trip characteristics on the mean estimates of random parameters was investigated by developing ML models with heterogeneity. Subsequently, the influence of improvement of each PHEV-specific attribute on prospective owners’ choice probability was investigated by calculating marginal effects. Among the various PHEV-specific attributes considered in the present study, high WTPs are observed for decrease in battery recharging time, reduction in tailpipe emission and increase in electric range. Therefore, an added emphasis on these attributes by vehicle manufacturers is likely to enhance the attractiveness of PHEVs to Indian commuters. The results also highlight the importance of government subsidy for promoting PHEVs in the Indian market. Prospective owners’ income, availability of home-based parking space, and average daily trip length are found to significantly influence the choice decision of Indian commuters towards PHEVs.

Women’s Perceptions of Safety After Domestic Violence: Exploring Experiences of a Safety Contact Program

Affilia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-273
Author(s):  
Tania Westwood ◽  
Sarah Wendt ◽  
Kate Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety ◽  
Integrated Program

This article explores women’s experiences of the women’s safety services associated with a South Australian integrated program for male perpetrators of domestic and family violence. As small scale and exploratory, the study aimed to understand impact of such services on women’s perceptions of safety. Interviews were conducted by telephone, using a semi-structured format, with 14 women whose partners or ex-partners had been referred to a perpetrator intervention program. Informed by a feminist standpoint perspective, thematic analysis was used to explore each woman’s experience and perception of safety. The findings of the study suggest that integrated domestic and family violence programs can improve women’s feelings of safety through the application of practical safety planning, timely intervention, emotional support, and trauma-focused practice. Importantly, while the behaviors and actions of perpetrators were clearly relevant to women’s perceived safety, it was apparent that focusing on women’s strengths and capacity for recovery can significantly impact on their continued sense of safety and well-being. This article also reiterates the importance of women’s perspectives in evaluating the effectiveness of perpetrator interventions.

scholarly journals A more complete picture: Rural residents’ relative support for seven forms of natural resource related economic development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mueller ◽  
Ann R. Tickamyer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Rural Resident ◽  
General Support

Understanding rural resident support for various forms of natural resource related economic development has been a common research topic in rural sociology. However, the vast majority of research has only evaluated support for one form of natural resource use at a time. The little research that has explored support for a wide variety of uses has found that residents are likely to support many of the suggested forms of development. We assessed rural resident support for seven forms of natural resource development: commercial logging, natural gas, mining, real estate, wind energy, tourism, and outdoor recreation. Using social exchange theory, this study examines the influence of perceived impacts of development, industry trust, and perceived industry power on general support for the seven forms of natural resource-related economic development using a fixed effects generalized linear model among a sample of residents of rural Pennsylvania communities. Additionally, we use mixed logit discreet choice modeling to evaluate the drivers of relative support, meaning a stated preference for one form of development over other possible options. The drivers of general support and relative support were similar, with trust in industry and impacts to quality of life emerging as the primary drivers of both.

Quantifying the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Passenger Vehicle Drivers’ Willingness to Pay for Travel Time Savings and Reliability

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110388
Author(s):  
Tristan Cherry ◽  
Mark Fowler ◽  
Claire Goldhammer ◽  
Jeong Yun Kweun ◽  
Thomas Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally disrupted travel behavior and consumer preferences. To slow the spread of the virus, public health officials and state and local governments issued stay-at-home orders and, among other actions, closed nonessential businesses and educational facilities. The resulting recessionary effects have been particularly acute for U.S. toll roads, with an observed year-over-year decline in traffic and revenue of 50% to 90% in April and May 2020. These disruptions have also led to changes in the types of trip that travelers make and their frequency, their choice of travel mode, and their willingness to pay tolls for travel time savings and travel time reliability. This paper describes the results of travel behavior research conducted on behalf of the Virginia Department of Transportation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the National Capital Region of Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Northern Virginia. The research included a stated preference survey to estimate travelers’ willingness to pay for travel time savings and travel time reliability, to support forecasts of traffic and revenue for existing and proposed toll corridors. The survey collected data between December 2019 and June 2020. A comparison of the data collected before and during the pandemic shows widespread changes in travel behavior and a reduction in willingness to pay for travel time savings and travel time reliability across all traveler types, particularly for drivers making trips to or from work. These findings have significant implications for the return of travelers to toll corridors in the region and future forecasts of traffic and revenue.

Reality-Based Approach to Stated Preference Surveys

2005 ◽  
Vol 1917 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Xuehao Chu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Street Crossing ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Stated Preference Data ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Pedestrian Street

This paper defines a reality-based approach to soliciting stated preference data. It is related to existing preference methods in regard to both a common conceptual framework and recent trends in the literature. The reality-based approach is compared with the standard approach in both general characteristics and design procedures. Its expectations-based validity is illustrated with an application to pedestrian street-crossing behavior in the Tampa Bay area of Florida. The approach combines the realism of revealed-preference surveys and the flexibility of standard stated preference surveys. It adds to the toolbox of travel behavior research.

scholarly journals Influence of Electronic-Docking Stations on China’s Dockless Bikesharing Programs: Evidence from Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3588
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Yang ◽  
Hai Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Mixed Logit Model ◽  
Choice Probability ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Research Questions

Electronic-docking stations have been proposed and tested by some Chinese cities to address the issue of disorderly parking of dockless bikesharing programs. We study the influence of electronic-docking stations on dockless bikesharing programs, and measure and explain riders’ preferences toward dockless bikesharing and electronic-docking stations. These research questions are addressed by a mixed logit model and regression models based on stated preference survey data collected in Beijing. We obtain some interesting empirical results which offer some guidance for governments and operators to facilitate the sustainable development of dockless bikesharing programs. For instance, we find that riders are sensitive to the density for electronic-docking stations, but somewhat indifferent to the rental fee of 1–2 yuan for each ride; the choice probability of riding a dockless shared bike drops by about 8–9% when access or egress time increases by 5 min; the fraction of riders interested in dockless bikesharing programs is close to 100%, while launching electronic-docking stations reduces this number to 88%; riders are willing to pay about 1.0–1.1 yuan to save access or egress time by 5 min; riders who live or work away from public transit stations or who often engage in physical exercises are interested in dockless bikesharing programs; and riders indifferent to the introduction of electronic-docking stations mainly include those who are above 26 years old and those with monthly income less than or equal to 8000 yuan.

scholarly journals Multi-Mode Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) Method to Measure the Potential Spatial Accessibility of Healthcare Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Ni ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Yanlan Wu ◽  
Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Multi Mode

While great progress in the development of a methodological approach to measure the accessibility of healthcare services has been made, the exclusion of the complex multi-mode travel behavior of urban residents and a rough calculation of travel costs from the origin to the destination limit its potential for making a detailed assessment, especially in urban areas. In this paper, we aim to describe and implement an enhanced method that enables the integration of multiple transportation modes into a two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to estimate accessibility. We used a travel-mode choice survey, based on distance sections, to determine the complex multi-mode travel behavior of urban residents. Taking Nanjing as a study area, we proposed complete door-to-door approaches to determine every aspect of basic transportation modes. Additionally, we processed open data to implement an accurate computing of the origin-destination (OD) time cost. We applied the enhanced method to estimate the accessibility of residents to hospitals and compared it with three single-mode 2SFCA methods. The results showed that the proposed method effectively identified more accessibility details and provided more realistic accessibility values.

scholarly journals What Do Potential Residents Really Want When Hosting a Nuclear Power Plant? An Empirical Study of Economic Incentives in South Korea

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yoon Huh ◽  
JongRoul Woo ◽  
Chul-Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
New Public ◽  
Direct Form

To increase acceptance of new nuclear power plants (NPPs) by local communities, some countries offer those communities economic incentives. This study analyzes potential residents’ preferences for economic incentives provided during the construction and operation of NPPs in South Korea. This study uses stated preference data through a discrete choice experiment and the mixed logit model to reflect the heterogeneity of respondents’ preferences. The analysis results confirm heterogeneity by various incentive types, and show that respondents consider the distance between the NPP and the residential area as well as reduced electricity bills as crucial attribute of new NPPs. In addition, the result for the marginal willingness to be near to an NPP shows that reduced electricity bills, construction of new public facilities, and increased residents’ participation are relatively more effective incentives than job creation or solar panel installation. In particular, increased residents’ participation could greatly improve acceptance although it is not a direct form of financial support. The simulation analysis results indicate that acceptance of NPPs rapidly reduces as distance to the plant becomes shorter, although acceptance can change within a 0–30% range depending on the level of incentives. Several policy implications are suggested for policymakers based on the results.

scholarly journals Illuminating for Safety: Investigating the Role of Lighting Appraisals on the Perception of Safety in the Urban Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon van Rijswijk ◽  
Antal Haans
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Factorial Designs ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Stimulus Materials

In two studies, we took a prospect–refuge based perspective to investigate how lighting and other physical attributes (i.e., prospect, concealment, and entrapment) affect people’s judgments of the safety of urban streets during nighttime. Both studies complement existing research, which predominantly use factorial designs, with more ecologically valid correlational research using a large and representative sample of urban streets as stimulus materials. Results from Study 1 corroborate existing research demonstrating that differences in prospect, concealment, and entrapment predicted, to a large extent, variation in the perceived safety of urban streets—thus demonstrating the utility of such environmental information for making safety judgments in real-life settings. Results from a mediation analysis conducted in Study 2 showed that the relation between appraisals of lighting quality and safety judgments was completely accounted for by co-occurring variation in appraisals of prospect and entrapment. Implications for theory and methodology are discussed.

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