scholarly journals Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Inhibitory Control of College Students with Smartphone Addiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hainan Fan ◽  
Shuai Qi ◽  
Guoyuang Huang ◽  
Zhao Xu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Interference Control

Background. Inhibitory control deficits may be one important cause for smartphone addiction. The available studies have shown that acute aerobic exercise may improve the inhibitory control. However, there is still lack of research on how regimens of an acute exercise affect this inhibitory control. The present study was to examine the effects of an acute aerobic exercise at three different exercise intensities on changes in the inhibitory control function including response inhibition and interference control in college students with smartphone addiction. Methods. Participants (n = 30; age 20.03 ± 0.96 years) with smartphone addiction were identified by the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students and randomized to study 1 and study 2 with 15 individuals each. Fifteen participants in study 1 were tested by the Go/NoGo task to explore the response inhibition, while other fifteen in study 2 were tested by the Flanker task to examine the interference control. The participants in study 1 and 2 were randomly assigned to three groups (5 in each) with exercising at low, moderate, and high intensity. The individual response inhibition and interference control were measured before and after 30 minutes acute aerobic exercise, respectively. Results. In study 1, the accuracy of NoGo stimulus after 30 minutes of acute aerobic exercise was significantly increased p ≤ 0.001 while the response time (RT) of Go stimulus was significantly decreased p ≤ 0.001 . The largest changes occurred in the moderate-intensity group for the accuracy of NoGo stimulus p = 0.012 and for the RT of Go stimulus p ≤ 0.001 . The results in study 2 showed no significant change in all three groups after exercise. Conclusions. 30 minutes of acute aerobic exercise could effectively elicit changes of the response inhibition in college students with smartphone addiction. The largest improvement was observed in the moderate intensity of an acute aerobic exercise in college students with smartphone addiction.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Combined with Resistance Exercise on Neurocognitive Performance in Obese Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei-Jhen Wen ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals

To the best of the author’s knowledge, there have been no previous studies conducted on the effects of a combination of acute aerobic and resistance exercise on deficit of inhibitory control in obese individuals. The aim of this study was, thus, to examine the effect of a single bout of such an exercise mode on behavioral and cognitive electrophysiological performance involving cognitive interference inhibition in obese women. After the estimated VO2max and percentage fat (measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic, Bedford, MA, USA) were assessed, 32 sedentary obese female adults were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG) and a control group (CG), with their behavioral performance being recorded with concomitant electrophysiological signals when performing a Stroop task. Then, the EG engaged in 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise, and the CG rested for a similar duration of time without engaging in any type of exercise. After the interventions, the neurocognitive performance was measured again in the two groups. The results revealed that although acute exercise did not enhance the behavioral indices (e.g., accuracy rates (ARs) and reaction times (RTs)), cognitive electrophysiological signals were improved (e.g., shorter N2 and P3 latencies, smaller N2 amplitudes, and greater P3 amplitudes) in the Stroop task after the exercise intervention in the EG. The findings indicated that a combination of acute moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise may improve the neurophysiological inhibitory control performance of obese women.

scholarly journals Effects of Caffeine and Acute Aerobic Exercise on Working Memory and Caffeine Withdrawal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Morava ◽  
Matthew James Fagan ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

AbstractStudies show that a single bout of exercise confers cognitive benefits. However, many individuals use psychoactive substances such as caffeine to enhance cognitive performance. The effects of acute exercise in comparison to caffeine on cognition remain unknown. Furthermore, caffeine use is associated with withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. Whether acute exercise can reduce withdrawal symptoms also remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise to caffeine on working memory (WM) and caffeine withdrawal symptoms (CWS). In Phase I, non-caffeine (n = 29) and caffeine consumers (n = 30) completed a WM assessment, followed by acute exercise and caffeine. In Phase II, caffeine consumers (n = 25) from Phase I underwent the WM assessment and reported CWS following a 12-hour deprivation period. Acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise and caffeine (1.2 mg/kg) significantly improved WM accuracy and reduced CWS comparably. WM performance was not reduced following caffeine deprivation.

scholarly journals Effects of resveratrol or estradiol on postexercise endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-747
Author(s):  
Cemal Ozemek ◽  
Kerry L. Hildreth ◽  
Patrick J. Blatchford ◽  
K. Joseph Hurt ◽  
Rachael Bok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Estradiol Treatment

Regular exercise enhances endothelial function in older men, but not consistently in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Estradiol treatment improves basal endothelial function and restores improvements in endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) to aerobic exercise training in postmenopausal women; however, estradiol treatment is controversial. Resveratrol, an estrogen receptor ligand, enhances exercise training effects on cardiovascular function and nitric oxide (NO) release in animal models, but impairs exercise training effects in men. We conducted a randomized cross-over, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study to determine whether acute (single dose) resveratrol (250-mg tablet) or estradiol (0.05 mg/day transdermal patch) treatment enhances FMD at rest and after a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women ( n = 15, 58.1 ± 3.2 yr). FMD was measured before and after (30, 60, and 120 min) a 40-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (60–75% peak heart rate) under the respective conditions (separated by 1-2 wk). FMD was higher ( P < 0.05) before exercise and at all post-exercise time points in the resveratrol and estradiol conditions compared to placebo. FMD was increased from baseline by 120 min postexercise in the estradiol condition ( P < 0.001), but not resveratrol or PL conditions. Consistent with our previous findings, estradiol also enhances endothelial function in response to acute endurance exercise. Although resveratrol improved basal FMD, there was no apparent enhancement of FMD to acute exercise and, therefore, may not act as an estradiol mimetic. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The benefits of endurance exercise training on endothelial function are diminished in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but estradiol treatment appears to restore improvements in endothelial function in this group. We show that basal endothelial function is enhanced with both acute estradiol and resveratrol treatments in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, but endothelial function is only enhanced following acute endurance exercise with estradiol treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of a Single Bout of Acute Aerobic Exercise at Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensities on Motor Learning, Retention and Transfer

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Håvard Lorås ◽  
Monika Haga ◽  
Hermundur Sigmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Learning Retention

Acute exercise influences human cognition, and evidence suggests that learning can be improved. According to the cognitive–energetic approach towards exercise cognition, exercise represents a stressor that elevates physiological arousal, which, in turn, increases the availability of mental resources. However, the degree of arousal is hypothesized to have optimal and suboptimal states, and moderate intensity exercise is thus considered to be favorable compared to low intensity and vigorous exercise. The current evidence for such a moderating effect of exercise intensity on motor learning, however, appears somewhat mixed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of aerobic exercise conducted with different exercise intensities on immediate practice, transfer, and 24-h retention of a motor skill. To this end, young adults (n  =  40, mean (SD) age: 23.80 (1.98) years) were randomized to exercise at either 50% or 75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate according to the Karvonen formulae. Immediately after exercising, participants practiced a high-precision golf putting task in a blocked design. Retention and transfer of skill were assessed after 24 h. Results indicated that both groups demonstrated motor learning, retention, and transfer at a similar level. Further works are thus needed to establish the specific relationship between exercise and learning and establish the factors that have an influence.

scholarly journals Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Control in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Tsai ◽  
Shu-Shih Hsieh ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

The present study aimed to examine whether the effect of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is moderated by exercise intensity. Using a within-subjects design, 25 children with ADHD completed a flanker task with concurrent collection of electroencephalography (EEG) data after three different intensities of treadmill running. The results showed that low- and moderate-intensity exercises resulted in shorter reaction times (RTs) relative to vigorous-intensity exercise during the incompatible condition of the flanker task regardless of task congruency. A P3 congruency effect was observed following low- and vigorous-intensity exercises but not after moderate-intensity exercise. The mean alpha power, a measure of cortical arousal, increased following low- and moderate-intensity exercises but decreased following vigorous-intensity exercise. In addition, the change in arousal level after moderate-intensity exercise was negatively correlated with RT during incompatible flanker tasks. The current findings suggest that children with ADHD have better inhibitory control following both low- and moderate-intensity exercises relative to vigorous aerobic exercise, which could be characterized by an optimal state of cortical arousal.

scholarly journals Acute exercise does not impair renal function in nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients regardless of disease stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. F547-F552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi A. Santana ◽  
Jacques R. Poortmans ◽  
Egidio Lima Dórea ◽  
Juliana Bannwart de Andrade Machado ◽  
Alan Lins Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Impair Renal Function

Exercise has been overlooked as a potential therapy in chronic kidney disease (CKD), mainly because of a lack of understanding on its safety aspects. Notably, there are no data on renal function after exercise in CKD considering its stages. We investigated the acute effects of a 30-min moderate-intensity aerobic exercise bout on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria in 22 nondialysis CKD patients divided into: CKD stages 1 and 2 (CKD1–2) and CKD stages 3 and 4 (CKD3–4). Eleven body mass index-, age-, and sex-matched healthy individuals served as control (CON). Blood and urine samples were collected before, immediately after, and up to 90 min postexercise for creatinine and albumin assessments. GFR was determined by creatinine clearance (GFRCr-Cl). All CKD patients had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake than CON. CKD1–2 and CKD3–4 had increasingly higher serum creatinine than CON (9.6 ± 2.6, 25.6 ± 1.01, and 7.5 ± 1.4 mg/l, respectively); however, no within-group changes in serum or urinary creatinine were observed across time. GFRCr-Cl was decreased in CKD1–2 and CKD3–4 compared with CON (91 ± 17 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2; 34 ± 15 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2; 122 ± 20 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2, respectively). Most importantly, exercise did not affect GFRCr-Cl in none of the groups across time. Albuminuria was significantly higher in CKD3–4 (297 ± 284 µg/min) than in CON (5.4 ± 1.4 µg/min), but no within-group changes were observed after exercise. In conclusion, a single 30-min moderate-intensity aerobic exercise bout does not impair renal function in nondialysis CKD patients, regardless of disease stage, supporting the notion that exercise training can be safe in this disease.

scholarly journals The effects of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control and resting state heart rate variability in children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Lin Yu ◽  
Shu-Shih Hsieh ◽  
Ting-Yu Chueh ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Charles H. Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Sympathovagal Balance ◽  
Children With Adhd

AbstractThe current study examined the effects of acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (MAE) on inhibitory control and resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our data show that acute MAE resulted in higher response accuracy of a modified flanker task regardless of task difficulty for 60 min (p = .001). Aerobic exercise further resulted in more effective conflict detection, as measured by greater amplitude (p = .012) and shorter latency (p = .029) of the N2 component of event-related brain potential, for 60 min regardless of task difficulty. In contrast, acute MAE did not modulate sympathovagal balance signified by HRV at either 30 min or 60 min following exercise cessation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control are sustained for 60 min in children with ADHD. However, acute aerobic exercise may not modulate sympathovagal balance during the post-exercise recovery. Overall, we highlight the importance of acute aerobic exercise for children with ADHD as a potential means to facilitate brain health.

scholarly journals GABAergic modulation of performance in response inhibition and interference control tasks

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110324
Author(s):  
Kaja Faßbender ◽  
Katharina Bey ◽  
Julia V Lippold ◽  
Behrem Aslan ◽  
René Hurlemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Delta Plots ◽  
Gabaergic Modulation ◽  
Over Time

Background: Inhibitory control is a crucial executive function with high relevance to mental and physical well-being. However, there are still unanswered questions regarding its neural mechanisms, including the role of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Aims: This study examined the effects of lorazepam (0.5 mg and 1 mg), a positive allosteric modulator at the GABAA receptor, on response inhibition and interference control. We also explored the heterogeneity of inhibitory control and calculated delta plots to explore whether lorazepam affects the gradual build-up of inhibition and activation over time. Methods: N = 50 healthy participants performed antisaccade, Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks in a within-subjects, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized design. Results: Lorazepam increased reaction time (RT) and error rates dose dependently in all tasks ( p ⩽ 0.005). In the antisaccade and Simon tasks, lorazepam increased congruency effects for error rate ( p ⩽ 0.029) but not RT ( p ⩾ 0.587). In the Eriksen flanker task, both congruency effects were increased by the drug ( p ⩽ 0.031). Delta plots did not reflect drug-induced changes in inhibition and activation over time. Delta plots for RT in the Simon task were negative-going, as expected, whereas those for the antisaccade and flanker tasks were positive-going. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for GABAergic involvement in performance on response inhibition and interference control tasks. Furthermore, our findings highlight the diversity of the broader construct of inhibitory control while also pointing out similarities between different inhibitory control tasks. In contrast to RT and error rates, the cognitive processes indexed by delta plots may not be sensitive to GABAergic modulation.

scholarly journals GABAergic Modulation of Response Inhibition and Interference Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Faßbender ◽  
Katharina Bey ◽  
Julia V. Lippold ◽  
rene hurlemann ◽  
Ulrich Ettinger
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Delta Plots ◽  
Over Time

Background: Inhibitory control is a crucial executive function with high relevance to mental and physical wellbeing. However, there are still unanswered questions regarding its neural mechanisms, including the role of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Aims: This study examined the effects of lorazepam (0.5 mg and 1 mg), a positive allosteric modulator at the GABAA receptor, on response inhibition and interference control. We also explored the heterogeneity of inhibitory control and calculated delta plots to explore whether lorazepam affects the gradual build-up of inhibition and activation over time. Method: A sample of N=50 healthy participants performed antisaccade, Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks in a within-subjects, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised design. Results: Lorazepam increased mean reaction times (MRT) and error rates dose-dependently in all tasks (p≤.005). In the antisaccade and Simon tasks, lorazepam increased congruency effects for error rate (p≤.029) but not for MRT (p≥.587). In the Eriksen flanker task, both congruency effects were increased by the drug (p≤.031). Delta plots did not reflect any drug-induced changes in inhibition and activation over time. Delta plots for MRT in the Simon task were negative-going, as expected, whereas those for the antisaccade and flanker tasks were positive-going. Conclusions: This study provides clear evidence for GABAergic involvement in inhibitory control. Furthermore, our findings highlight the diversity of inhibitory control while also pointing out similarities between different inhibitory control tasks. In contrast to MRTs and error rates, the cognitive processes provided by delta plots appear not to be sensitive to GABAergic modulation.Draft version, 02.04.2020. This paper has not been peer reviewed. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission.

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