scholarly journals An Optimized Method for Skin Cancer Diagnosis Using Modified Thermal Exchange Optimization Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Liu Wei ◽  
Su Xiao Pan ◽  
Y. A. Nanehkaran ◽  
V. Rajinikanth
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Otsu Method ◽  
Automatic Pipeline

Skin cancer is the most common cancer of the body. It is estimated that more than one million people worldwide develop skin cancer each year. Early detection of this cancer has a high effect on the disease treatment. In this paper, a new optimal and automatic pipeline approach has been proposed for the diagnosis of this disease from dermoscopy images. The proposed method includes a noise reduction process before processing for eliminating the noises. Then, the Otsu method as one of the widely used thresholding method is used to characterize the region of interest. Afterward, 20 different features are extracted from the image. To reduce the method complexity, a new modified version of the Thermal Exchange Optimization Algorithm is performed to the features. This improves the method precision and consistency. To validate the proposed method’s efficiency, it is implemented to the American Cancer Society database, its results are compared with some state-of-the-art methods, and the final results showed the superiority of the proposed method against the others.

scholarly journals Skin Cancer Detection Based on Extreme Learning Machine and a Developed Version of Thermal Exchange Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shi Wang ◽  
Melika Hamian
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Otsu Method ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Skin Cancer Detection

Melanoma is defined as a disease that has been incurable in advanced stages, which shows the vital importance of timely diagnosis and treatment. To diagnose this type of cancer early, various methods and equipment have been used, almost all of which required a visit to the doctor and were not available to the public. In this study, an automated and accurate process to differentiate between benign skin pigmented lesions and malignant melanoma is presented, so that it can be used by the general public, and it does not require special equipment and special conditions in imaging. In this study, after preprocessing of the input images, the region of interest is segmented based on the Otsu method. Then, a new feature extraction is implemented on the segmented image to mine the beneficial characteristics. The process is then finalized by using an optimized Deep Believe Network (DBN) for categorization into 2 classes of normal and melanoma cases. The optimization process in DBN has been performed by a developed version of the newly introduced Thermal Exchange Optimization (dTEO) algorithm to obtain higher efficacy in different terms. To show the method’s superiority, its performance is compared with 7 different techniques from the literature.

Formulation, Design and Development of Niosome Based Topical Gel for Skin Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
Topical Gel

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer in which mostly damaged unpaired DNA starts mutating abnormally and staged an unprecedented proliferation of epithelial skin to form a malignant tumor. In epidemics of skin, pigment-forming melanocytes of basal cells start depleting and form uneven black or brown moles. Melanoma can further spread all over the body parts and could become hard to detect. In USA Melanoma kills an estimated 10,130 people annually. This challenge can be succumbed by using the certain anti-cancer drug. In this study design, cyclophosphamide were used as a model drug. But it has own limitation like mild to moderate use may cause severe cytopenia, hemorrhagic cystitis, neutropenia, alopecia and GI disturbance. This is a promising challenge, which is caused due to the increasing in plasma drug concentration above therapeutic level and due to no rate limiting steps involved in formulation design. In this study, we tried to modify drug release up to threefold and extended the release of drug by preparing and designing niosome based topical gel. In the presence of Dichloromethane, Span60 and cholesterol, the initial niosomes were prepared using vacuum evaporator. The optimum percentage drug entrapment efficacy, zeta potential, particle size was found to be 72.16%, 6.19mV, 1.67µm.Prepared niosomes were further characterized using TEM analyzer. The optimum batch of niosomes was selected and incorporated into topical gel preparation. Cold inversion method and Poloxamer -188 and HPMC as core polymers, were used to prepare cyclophosphamide niosome based topical gel. The formula was designed using Design expert 7.0.0 software and Box-Behnken Design model was selected. Almost all the evaluation parameters were studied and reported. The MTT shows good % cell growth inhibition by prepared niosome based gel against of A375 cell line. The drug release was extended up to 20th hours. Further as per ICH Q1A (R2), guideline 6 month stability studies were performed. The results were satisfactory and indicating a good formulation approach design was achieved for Melanoma treatment.

A Comprehensive Review on Nanotechnology-Based Innovations in Topical Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (44) ◽  
pp. 5720-5731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Singh Lalotra ◽  
Vishesh Singh ◽  
Bharat Khurana ◽  
Shelly Agrawal ◽  
Shubham Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Carrier Systems

Background: Skin is the largest organ of the body and helps to regulate several physiological functions. It acts as a barrier that protects the body against UV-radiation, toxic substances, infections, etc. The abnormal growth of the skin cells is called skin cancer. Different types of skin cancer can be classified as Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC); which mainly occur due to chronic exposure to UV- sunlight and pollution. Methods: The conventional topical treatments of skin cancer such as cream, gel, ointment, etc., are more occlusive and thus they do not penetrate deep into the skin (dermal layer) and remain at the upper part of the skin (epidermal layer). The stratum corneum acts as a physiological barrier for the drug-loaded in the conventional formulation. The novel carrier systems have the potential to facilitate the penetration of the drug deep into the skin (dermal layer) because these have less size and higher flexibility than conventional treatment. Conclusion: In the present review, we have discussed various novel carrier systems being investigated for the topical application of chemotherapeutic agents for efficient skin targeting and better dermatological as well as therapeutic benefits with minimal systemic exposure and toxicity.

Novel Nanolipoidal Systems for the Management of Skin Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Apoorva Singh ◽  
Nimisha
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
The Stability

: Skin cancer, among the various kinds of cancers, is a type that emerges from skin due to the growth of abnormal cells. These cells are capable of spreading and invading the other parts of the body. The occurrence of non-melanoma and melanoma, which are the major types of skin cancers, has increased over the past decades. Exposure to ultraviolet radiations (UV) is the main associative cause of skin cancer. UV exposure can inactivate tumor suppressor genes while activating various oncogenes. The conventional techniques like surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiation therapy lack the potential for targeting cancer cells and harm the normal cells. However, the novel therapeutics show promising improvements in the effectiveness of treatment, survival rates and better quality of life for patients. Different methodologies are involved in the skin cancer therapeutics for delivering the active ingredients to the target sites. Nano carriers are very efficient as they have the ability to improve the stability of drugs and further enhance their penetration into the tumor cells. The recent developments and research in nanotechnology have entitled several targeting and therapeutic agents to be incorporated into nanoparticles for an enhancive treatment of skin cancer. To protect the research works in the field of nanolipoidal systems various patents have been introduced. Some of the patents acknowledge responsive liposomes for specific targeting, nanocarriers for the delivery or co-delivery of chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids as well as photosensitizers. Further recent patents on the novel delivery systems have also been included here.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm for Global Optimization

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Chun-Yao Lee ◽  
Guang-Lin Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Whale Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Test Functions ◽  
Benchmark Test ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Whale Optimization ◽  
Benchmark Test Functions

This paper proposes a hybrid whale optimization algorithm (WOA) that is derived from the genetic and thermal exchange optimization-based whale optimization algorithm (GWOA-TEO) to enhance global optimization capability. First, the high-quality initial population is generated to improve the performance of GWOA-TEO. Then, thermal exchange optimization (TEO) is applied to improve exploitation performance. Next, a memory is considered that can store historical best-so-far solutions, achieving higher performance without adding additional computational costs. Finally, a crossover operator based on the memory and a position update mechanism of the leading solution based on the memory are proposed to improve the exploration performance. The GWOA-TEO algorithm is then compared with five state-of-the-art optimization algorithms on CEC 2017 benchmark test functions and 8 UCI repository datasets. The statistical results of the CEC 2017 benchmark test functions show that the GWOA-TEO algorithm has good accuracy for global optimization. The classification results of 8 UCI repository datasets also show that the GWOA-TEO algorithm has competitive results with regard to comparison algorithms in recognition rate. Thus, the proposed algorithm is proven to execute excellent performance in solving optimization problems.

Raynaud's disease treatment with novocaine block

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1017
Author(s):  
G. M. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Raynaud's Disease ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Raynaud’S Disease

In 1862, Raynaud first described, as a completely independent nosological unit, a kind of disease of the peripheral and most protruding parts of the body (fingers of the upper and lower extremities, auricles, the tip of the nose, cheeks), now known under the name of Raynaud's symmetric gangrene ... Since that time, little new has been introduced into the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease.

A New Method to Concentrate Electromagnetic Field Within ROI Using a High Dielectric Material in 3T Body MRI

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu S. Park ◽  
Sunder S. Rajan ◽  
Leonardo M. Angelone
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
High Dielectric

We present numerical simulation results showing that high dielectric materials (HDMs) when placed between the human body model and the body coil significantly alter the electromagnetic field inside the body. The numerical simulation results show that the electromagnetic field (E, B, and SAR) within a region of interest (ROI) is concentrated (increased). In addition, the average electromagnetic fields decreased significantly outside the region of interest. The calculation results using a human body model and HDM of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) show that the mean local SAR was decreased by about 56% (i.e., 18.7 vs. 8.2 W/kg) within the body model.

External work in level and grade walking on a motor-driven treadmill

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Snellen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Work ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physical Laws

When studying a walking subject's thermal exchange with the environment, it is essential to know whether in level walking any part of the total energy expenditure is converted into external mechanical work and whether in grade walking the amount of the external work is predictable from physical laws. For this purpose an experiment was set up in which a subject walked on a motor-driven treadmill in a climatic room. In each series of measurements a subject walked uphill for 3 hours and on the level for another hour. Metabolism was kept equal in both situations. Air and wall temperatures were adjusted to the observed weighted skin temperature in order to avoid any heat exchange by radiation and convection. Heat loss by evaporation was derived from the weight loss of the subject. All measurements were carried out in a state of thermal equilibrium. In grade walking there was a difference between heat production and heat loss by evaporation. This difference equaled the caloric equivalent of the product of body weight and gained height. In level walking the heat production equaled heat loss. Hence it was concluded that in level walking all the energy is converted into heat inside the body. Submitted on April 26, 1960

scholarly journals Skin Cancer Detection and Classification using KNN Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3520-3527
Author(s):  
Apeksha R Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Fast Evaluation ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Medical Computer ◽  
Skin Cancer Detection

Skin cancer is a major health issue worldwide. Skin cancer detection at an early stage is key for an efficient treatment. Lately, it is popular that, deadly form of skin cancer among the other types of skin cancer is melanoma because it's much more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not identified and treated early. The advanced medical computer vision or medical image processing take part in increasingly significant role in clinical detection of different diseases. Such method provides an automatic image analysis device for an accurate and fast evaluation of the sore. The steps involved in this project are collecting skin cancer images from PH2 database, preprocessing, segmentation using thresholding, feature extraction and then classification using K-Nearest Neighbor technique (KNN). The results show that the achieved classification accuracy is 92.7%, Sensitivity 100% and 84.44% Specificity.

scholarly journals Testing Wearable UV Sensors to Improve Sun Protection in Young Adults at an Outdoor Festival: Field Study

10.2196/21243 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e21243
Author(s):  
Caitlin Horsham ◽  
Jodie Antrobus ◽  
Catherine M Olsen ◽  
Helen Ford ◽  
David Abernethy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Uv Sensor ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Uv Sensors

Background Australia and New Zealand have the highest skin cancer incidence rates worldwide, and sun exposure is the main risk factor for developing skin cancer. Sun exposure during childhood and adolescence is a critical factor in developing skin cancer later in life. Objective This study aims to test the effectiveness of wearable UV sensors to increase sun protection habits (SPH) and prevent sunburn in adolescents. Methods During the weeklong school leavers outdoor festival (November 2019) at the Gold Coast, Australia, registered attendees aged 15-19 years were recruited into the field study. Participants were provided with a wearable UV sensor and free sunscreen. The primary outcome was sun exposure practices using the SPH index. Secondary outcomes were self-reported sunburns, sunscreen use, and satisfaction with the wearable UV sensor. Results A total of 663 participants were enrolled in the study, and complete data were available for 188 participants (188/663, 28.4% response rate). Participants provided with a wearable UV sensor significantly improved their use of sunglasses (P=.004) and sunscreen use both on the face (P<.001) and on other parts of the body (P=.005). However, the use of long-sleeve shirts (P<.001) and the use of a hat (P<.001) decreased. During the study period, 31.4% (59/188) of the participants reported receiving one or more sunburns. Satisfaction with the wearable UV sensor was high, with 73.4% (138/188) of participants reporting the UV sensor was helpful to remind them to use sun protection. Conclusions Devices that target health behaviors when outdoors, such as wearable UV sensors, may improve use of sunscreen and sunglasses in adolescents.

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