scholarly journals Impact of MenAfriVac on Meningococcal A Meningitis in Cameroon: A Retrospective Study Using Case-by-Case-Based Surveillance Data from 2009 to 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bouba Gake ◽  
Bonaventure Babinne Graobe ◽  
Bouba Abdouraman ◽  
Crescence Satou Ngah ◽  
Ahmadou Aissatou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regional Public Health ◽  
Case Based

Meningococcal meningitis is a public health concern in Africa. Conjugated vaccine against serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (MenAfriVac) was used in mass vaccination and was proved to have a good impact in the meningitis belt. There is a lack of information about the impact of this intervention in Cameroon after mass vaccination was undertaken. This study aimed at filling the gap in its unknown impact in Cameroon. A retrospective longitudinal study using biological monitoring data of case-by-case-based surveillance for meningitis was obtained from the National Reference Laboratories from 1 January 2009 to 20 September 2015. Immunization coverage data were obtained from Regional Public Health Delegations where immunizations took place. We compared the risks of vaccine serogroup occurrence before and after vaccinations and calculated the global impact using Halloran’s formula. Annual cases of meningitis A decreased gradually from 92 in 2011 to 34 in 2012 and then to 1 case in 2013, and since 2014, no cases have been detected. The impact was estimated at 14.48% ( p = 0.41 ) in 2012 and then at 98.63% ( p < 0.0001 ) after the end of vaccinations in 2013. This survey confirms the effectiveness of the MenAfriVac vaccine in Cameroon as expected by the WHO. The surveillance must be pursued and enhanced to monitor coming immunizations measures with multivalent conjugated vaccines for this changing threat.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis in Angola, 1994–2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GASPAR ◽  
F. LEITE ◽  
L. BRUMANA ◽  
B. FÉLIX ◽  
A. A. STELLA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

We describe six meningococcal disease outbreaks that occurred in Angola during the period 1994–2000. In total, 7140 cases were documented. The age groups most affected were 15–29 years and 5–14 years; there were no differences in incidence between the sexes. Circulation of both serogroup A and sporadic serogroup B strains was demonstrated. Mass vaccination campaigns with A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine were implemented, except in Yambala province in 1999 where insecure conditions precluded this intervention.Outbreaks of serogroup A meningococcal disease in Angola may indicate an extension of these epidemics outside the meningitis belt. Mass vaccination campaigns stopped the Angolan epidemics within weeks. Civil conflict and displaced persons living in crowded areas created serious difficulties for surveillance and impeded timely public health responses.

scholarly journals Where Do Nutrients of Public Health Concern Come From in US Rural Food Pantry Clients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 227-227
Author(s):  
Yibin Liu ◽  
Heather Eicher-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Food Outlet ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Food Pantry ◽  
Food Pantries ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objectives Food pantry clients receive foods from food pantries, stores, restaurants and other food outlets. Intake of nutrients of public health concern, added sugar and saturated fats, is recommended to be limited to &lt;10% total energy intake (%TEI), and sodium not to exceed 2300 mg. The objective was to determine the largest contributing food outlet for added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium before and after a food pantry visit among rural food pantry clients (n = 473). Methods English speaking participants ≥18 years (or ≥19 years in Nebraska) were recruited from 24 food pantries in rural, high-poverty counties in Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and South Dakota. Participants at the food pantry were interviewed regarding their characteristics and dietary intake using the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Recall. Foods and beverages were reported as originating from food pantries, stores, restaurants, and other. An additional recall was collected within 1 week of the pantry visit on a non-consecutive day. The mean amount of sodium and %TEI from saturated fat and added sugar from each food outlet before and after the pantry visit was calculated for each participant and analyzed using Analysis of Variance. Results Stores, including supermarket, convenience store, and other stores, were the largest contributing outlet to sodium intake (mg, 1544.7 ± 50.2) and %TEI intake from added sugar (11.1 ± 0.4) and saturated fat (7.3 ± 0.2) before visiting the food pantry. The after-pantry intakes were not significantly different from the before-pantry intakes except for sodium. The after-pantry intake of sodium (mg) from food pantries increased from 513.8 ± 50.2 to 755.8 ± 50.2. Conclusions The largest contributing outlet to added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium intake were stores. Findings signal the need for offering nutrition education programs among food pantry clients to support healthy food choices and limit intake of nutrients of public health concern from various outlets, especially from supermarket, convenience stores, and other stores. Funding Sources This project is supported by the USDA NIFA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2013–69,004-20,401.

scholarly journals A New Geo-Propagation Model of Event Evolution Chain Based on Public Opinion and Epidemic Coupling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9235
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Nengcheng Chen ◽  
Wenying Du ◽  
Shuang Yao ◽  
Xiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The online public opinion is the sum of public views, attitudes and emotions spread on major public health emergencies through the Internet, which maps out the scope of influence and the disaster situation of public health events in real space. Based on the multi-source data of COVID-19 in the context of a global pandemic, this paper analyzes the propagation rules of disasters in the coupling of the spatial dimension of geographic reality and the dimension of network public opinion, and constructs a new gravity model-complex network-based geographic propagation model of the evolution chain of typical public health events. The strength of the model is that it quantifies the extent of the impact of the epidemic area on the surrounding area and the spread of the epidemic, constructing an interaction between the geographical reality dimension and online public opinion dimension. The results show that: The heterogeneity in the direction of social media discussions before and after the “closure” of Wuhan is evident, with the center of gravity clearly shifting across the Yangtze River and the cyclical changing in public sentiment; the network model based on the evolutionary chain has a significant community structure in geographic space, divided into seven regions with a modularity of 0.793; there are multiple key infection trigger nodes in the network, with a spatially polycentric infection distribution.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT IBU DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM LIMA IMUNISASI DASAR LENGKAP DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS BANGETAYU KOTA SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Endang Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
The Impact

AbstrakPemberian Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap (IDL) pada bayi, merupakan suatu keharusan. Hasil survei Riskesdas tahun 2013 didapatkan data cakupan imunisasi HB-0 (79,1%), BCG (87,6%), DPT-HB-3 (75,6%), Polio-4 (77,0%), dan imunisasi campak (82,1%). Cakupan imunisasi lengkap di Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2013 mengalami penurunan. Jumlah sasaran bayi pada tahun 2013 adalah 575.011 menurun dibanding tahun 2012 sebanyak 592.712. Dampak dari cakupan imunisasi yang rendah yaitu cukup tingginya proporsi kematian bayi yang disebabkan karena tetanus neonatorum (TN) di Indonesia,  meningkatnya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor  apa yang mempengaruhi minat ibu dalam pelaksanaan program lima imunisasi dasar lengkap di Wilayah Puskesmas Bangetayu Kota Semarang, Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research, adapun pendekatannya menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Hasil analisis dengan chi square diperoleh hasil signifikansi p value = 0,000 pada karakteristik umur, pendidikan dan pengetahuan, karena p value < 0,05 maka secara statistik ada hubungan yang signifikan antara umur, pendidikan dan pengetahuan  ibu dengan minat ibu dalam pelaksanaan lima imunisasi dasar lengkap.Kata Kunci : Minat ; Lima Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap THE AFFECTING FACTORS OF INTEREST OF MOTHERS TO IMPLEMENT FIVE BASIC IMMUNIZATIONS PROGRAM IN  BANGETAYU PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER,  SEMARANG DISTRICT Abstract In the immunization program, the provision of Complete Basic Immunization in infants is a must. The result of Riskesdas survey in 2013 revealed immunization coverage of HB-0 was 79,1%, BCG was 87,6%, DPT-HB-3 was 75,6%, Polio-4 was 77,0%, and measles immunization was 82.1%. The coverage of complete immunization in Central Java in 2013 has decreased. The number of targeted infants in 2013 was 575,011, decreased from 592,712 in 2012. The impact of low immunization coverage was the high proportion of infant deaths due to Tetanus Neonatorum (TN) in Indonesia, morbidity and mortality rates among infants also increase. The purpose of this research was to know factors that influence interest of mothers to implement five basic immunization program in Bangetayu Public Health Center, Semarang District. The research type is explanatory research with cross sectional design. The result of analysis with chi square showed p value = 0,000 on the characteristics of age, education and knowledge. As p value <0,05, therefore there is a significant correlation between age, education and mother knowledge with interest of mother to implement five complete basic immunization. Keywords: Interest; Five Basic Immunizations Program

scholarly journals Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Julian Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depression Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Depression is a chronic non communicable disease. It is a growing public health concern with established links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level, establish the depression sub-population phenotypic characteristics while exploring for links between depression and a spectrum of glycemic abnormalities. Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and phenotypic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression. Results Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01 – 18.36) with a female predominance. Those with known (as opposed to newly diagnosed) diabetes had the highest depression prevalence when compared to other glycemic sub-groups. These also exhibited a significant link with self-reported depression. However, at a population level, depression was mostly prevalent within the normoglycaemic sub-population. Conclusions The study confirms the strong link between diabetes and depression, especially, in a high risk dysglycaemic population. Of public health concern is the high depression occurrence within the normoglycaemic sub-population, which attributed for the majority of the Maltese population. In order to reduce the impact of mental health on the population, physicians may consider implementing depression screening clinical tools as part of their routine health check-ups at primary care level, irrespective of the glycaemic status of their patients.

scholarly journals The implications of religious event and holidays on the transmission of SARS-CoV2 : the impact of behavioral changes on transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkarim Abdulrahman ◽  
Muath AlMajthoob ◽  
Abdulla I AlAwadhi ◽  
Manaf M AlQahtani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Public Health Plan ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionThe risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV2 have been widely studied and it was evident that a population’s behavior has a direct effect on the risk of transmission. Public health measures and regulation are largely kept to control and direct these behaviors. In this study, we describe the change in transmission in SARS-CoV2 in relation to demographics before and after two major religious events: “Eid Alfitr” and “Ashura”MethodsThis is a national observational study conducted in Bahrain in September 2020 to compare the number and demographics of all newly diagnosed cases before and after Eid Alfitr (religious holiday) and Ashura religious event. A 10 day period before the event was compared to a 10 day period after the event by ten days. Data on the number of tests, number of new cases, their demographics (age, gender, nationality) and presence of symptoms were collected and analyzed.ResultsThere was significant increase in the number of COVID-19 cases after both Eid Alfitr (1997 more cases, with a 67% increase) and Ashura (4232 more cases with 2.19 times more cases). The majority of new cases after the religious events were found in local Bahrainis, from 472 cases to 2169 cases after Eid, and from 2201 to 6639 cases after Ashura. The rise was most notable in females (increased by 4.89 times after Eid and by 2.69 times after Ashura), children (increased by 4.69 times after Eid and by 5 times after Ashura) and elderly above the age of 60 years (increased by 5.7 times after Eid and by 3.23 times after Ashura).ConclusionIt is evident that religious events and holidays have important implications on the transmission of SARS-CoV2. This increased in transmission is related mainly to the behavior of the population in those days. Children, female, and elderly were the most affected categories due to these events. A thorough public health plan to limit the spread of the infection at these events should be planned and implemented ahead of time.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood immunisation services post lockdown in a tertiary care centre in Meerut district of western U.P.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Archana D. Agrawal ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Ashu Bhasin ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Alpa Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
The Impact

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) disease pandemic has been a threat to public health and health care system world-wide including routine immunization which has been greatly disrupted putting children at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). A study with an aim to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization coverage post lockdown at a tertiary care centre of western UP.Methods: A retrospective analytical study was conducted at LLRM Medical College, Meerut comparing 3 periods of year 2020, each of 4 weeks viz: 1-28th of February, 1-28 of August and 1-28 of December.Results: Total number of vaccine beneficiaries decreased significantly post lockdown from 646 in February to 275 and 419 in August and December respectively. The percent reduction was maximally seen in booster vaccines while birth dose group was least affected. There was 76.2% and 39.3% reduction in number of children receiving primary doses of combination vaccines in August and December period respectively as compared to February 2020. We found 68.42% and 54.39 % reduction in MR-1 beneficiaries in August and December respectively as compared to February 2020.Conclusions: Significant reduction is found in total number of children receiving immunization during un-lockdown period, compared to pre-COVID level. This difference was more significant in booster doses compared to birth doses. We did not find any significant catch up in vaccine beneficiaries by December 2020 despite 7 months of un-lockdown raising significant concern for public health.

scholarly journals Activity of Galidesivir in a Hamster Model of SARS-CoV-2

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ray Taylor ◽  
Richard Bowen ◽  
James F. Demarest ◽  
Michael DeSpirito ◽  
Airn Hartwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Antiviral Compound ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has claimed the lives of millions of people worldwide since it first emerged. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health and the global economy has highlighted the medical need for the development of broadly acting interventions against emerging viral threats. Galidesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound with demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy against several RNA viruses of public health concern, including those causing yellow fever, Ebola, Marburg, and Rift Valley fever. In vitro studies have shown that the antiviral activity of galidesivir also extends to coronaviruses. Herein, we describe the efficacy of galidesivir in the Syrian golden hamster model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Treatment with galidesivir reduced lung pathology in infected animals compared with untreated controls when treatment was initiated 24 h prior to infection. These results add to the evidence of the applicability of galidesivir as a potential medical intervention for a range of acute viral illnesses, including coronaviruses.

scholarly journals Estimation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Aroussi ◽  
Ahmed Megharbi ◽  
Meghit Boumediene Khaled ◽  
Hadj Labdouni ◽  
Kadi Diafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Sheep are considered as an important reservoir of human Toxoplasma gondii infections, although more recent data on the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep in Algeria are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep to obtain a better insight into the importance of sheep as reservoirs of human infection. A commercial ELISA kit, which detects antibodies against T. gondii, was utilized to test 269 sera collected from yearling sheep in the municipal slaughterhouse of Sidi-Bel-Abbes city between October 2020 and February 2021. Simultaneously, we assessed the cut-off as recommended by the manufacturer (S/P>50%) and the bootstrap statistical model to estimate the optimal cut-off value (OD = 0.12). The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 34.2% (92/269) using the ELISA kit cut-off and 50.5% (136/269) using the bootstrapped cut-off, being significantly higher compared to sheep from other regions in Algeria. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep was elevated, constituting, therefore, a major public health concern, as sheep meat could be a significant source of T. gondii infection for human consumers. Further studies are required to estimate the impact of abortion among livestock animals caused by T. gondii infection such as sheep, where it could lead to considerable economic losses.

scholarly journals Some thoughts and strategies of planning for the impact of “COVID-19” epidemic in Yunnan plateau basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 03044
Author(s):  
Ziqian Shi ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Kai Fan ◽  
Peng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Yunnan Plateau ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Regional Public Health

Combined with the big data report of Baidu epidemic, and based on the transmission route and characteristics of “COVID-19” Virus, using GIS spatial analysis technology and related mathematical models, the correspondence between the epidemic development distribution and the spatial pattern of the basin in the Yunnan Plateau was simulated, and the basin distribution, traffic accessibility, urban scale, and tourism fever were found. Destination fever is closely related to the development of the epidemic. Changing the mode of transportation in the basin, changing the mode of land use, constructing regional public health facilities, and improving the community living circle have a suppressive effect on the spread of the epidemic. According to the simulation conclusions, this article focuses on blocking the spread of the epidemic and guaranteeing the treatment and basic life of the personnel during the disaster. It proposes the considerations of the territorial space planning of the Yunnan Plateau basin in response to the epidemic from the region (province)-basin area-community and governance level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document