scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of Toll-Like Receptors, MyD88, and TRIF in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Nihon-Yanagi ◽  
Megumi Wakayama ◽  
Naobumi Tochigi ◽  
Fumi Saito ◽  
Hideaki Ogata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose. We hypothesized that innate immune response pathways might be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, we aimed at analyzing the expression of several receptors and molecules in the innate immune system in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) tissues. Methods. Of the surgically resected specimens, 11 ATC tissues, 25 PTC tissues, and 8 nodular hyperplasia (NH) tissues were selected and examined for the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing INF-β (TRIF) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results. Several TLRs were expressed in each tissue. TLR3 was strongly expressed in all tissues. In contrast, TLR4 was not detected in any tissues. While TLR5 was moderately expressed in NH but significantly reduced in PTC and ATC, TLR9 was absent in NH tissue but moderately expressed in both PTC and ATC. On MyD88 expression, no significant difference was found between PTC and ATC. TRIF was significantly upregulated in PTC and ATC compared to NH. Surprisingly, PTC and ATC tissues exhibited similar expression patterns of TLRs, MyD88, and TRIF. Conclusion. These data suggest the involvement of the innate immune system in both PTC and ATC. Specifically, TLR3-mediated TRIF activation was confirmed in PTC and ATC. This provides new insight into thyroid carcinogenesis.

The coexistence of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma: two case reports

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husniye Baser ◽  
Mina Gulfem Kaya ◽  
Sefika Burcak Polat ◽  
Ersin Gurkan Dumlu ◽  
Canan Altunkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Thyroid

Association between hTERT Polymorphisms and Female Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Xinyue Tang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Background: A previous genome-wide association study showed that hTERT rs10069690 and rs2736100 polymorphisms were associated with thyroid cancer risk. Objective: This study further investigated the association between increased risk and clinicopathologic characteristics for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) and hTERT polymorphisms rs10069690 or rs2736100 in a Chinese female population. Methods: The hTERT genotypes of 276 PTC patients and 345 healthy subjects were determined with regard to SNPs rs10069690 and rs2736100. The association between these SNPs and the risk of PTC and clinicopathologic characteristics was investigated by logistic regression. Results: We found a significant difference between PTC and rs10069690 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.515; P = 0.005), but not between PTC and rs2736100. When the analysis was limited to females, rs10069690 and rs2736100 were both associated with increased risk for PTC in female individuals (OR = 1.647, P = 0.007; OR = 1.339, P = 0.041, respectively). Further haplotype analysis revealed a stimulative effect of haplotypes TC and CA of TERT rs10069690-rs2736100, which increased risk for PTC in female individuals (OR = 1.579, P = 0.014; OR = 0.726, P = 0.025, respectively). Furthermore, the heterozygote A/C of rs2736100 showed significant difference for age (OR = 0.514, P = 0.047). Conclusion: Our finding suggests that hTERT polymorphisms rs10069690 and rs2736100 are associated with increased risk for PTC in Chinese female population and rs2736100 may be related to age. Consistent with US20170360914 and US20170232075, they are expected to be a potential molecular target for anti-cancer therapy.

Nodule Size Effect on Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
Jia-wei LI ◽  
Cai Chang ◽  
Jia-ying Chen ◽  
Zhao-ting Shi ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Nodule Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Group D

Background: To compare the abilities of ultrasonography (US) and Computed Tomography (CT) to identify calcifications and to predict probability of malignancy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) and Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (PTMC). Methods: We reviewed 1008 cases of PTC/PTMC with calcifications reported by pre-operative US, CT, or post-operative pathology. The size of the thyroid nodule was obtained from the US report and the maximum diameter (d) was documented. According to the nodule size (d), the PTC and PTMC groups were each divided into two subgroups, as follows: large PTC group (d ≥ 2 cm), small PTC group (1 cm < d < 2 cm), large PTMC group (0.6 cm ≤ d ≤ 1 cm), and small PTMC group (d < 0.6 cm). Results: In the 1008 patients, the ratio of females to males was 2.29 and the mean age was 40.9 years (standard deviation: 11.7 years). Of the 1008 records, 92.8% were found to have calcifications according to the US report, while 50.4% showed calcifications according to the CT report. This difference between US and CT reports was statistically significant (p < 0.0005). The percentages of US reports showing calcifications were similar for all four PTC and PTMC subgroups (93.7%, 94.3%, 92.1%, and 85.1%, respectively; p = 0.052), while the percentages of CT reports showing calcifications were significantly different among the PTC and PTMC subgroups (62.3%, 52.2%, 45.4%, and 31.3%, respectively; p < 0.0005). As for the prediction of malignancy, US was superior to CT in all four subgroups (large PTC group: 97.1% vs. 54.1%, small PTC group: 94.8% vs. 42.9%, large PTMC group: 97.2% vs. 32.0%, small PTMC group: 95.5% vs. 14.9%; p < 0.0005 for all pairwise comparisons). No significant difference was observed in terms of the ability of US to predict the malignancy of PTC versus PTMC (p = 0.31), while CT showed significant superiority in diagnosing PTC versus PTMC (p < 0.0005). The predictive value of CT for PTC declined as the nodule size decreased (p < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). Conclusion: Our results showed that US detected calcifications and predicted the malignancy of all nodule sizes of thyroid papillary carcinoma equally well, while the performance of CT declined with the reduction of nodule size.

scholarly journals Changes of Regulatory T and B Cells in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma after131I Radioablation: A Preliminary Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Yanxia Zhan ◽  
Yusen Gu ◽  
Yi Ye ◽  
Yunfeng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Lymphocytic infiltration and specific lymphocytes subsets may play important roles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) progression and prognosis. In this study, we try to understand the influence of131I radioablation on the important lymphocytes subtypes of regulatory T and B cells (Tregs and Bregs).Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 PTC patients before and after131I therapy, and 20 healthy donors were collected. The expression of Tregs (CD4+CD25+CD127-/low) and B cell (CD5+CD19+) and production and secretion of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were analyzed by FACS and ELISA assay, respectively.Results. For Tregs percentage in peripheral blood lymphocytes, there was no difference between pretreatment and control and between posttreatment and control. Compared with pretherapy, increased Tregs infiltration was noted in posttherapy (P<0.05). Although no difference was between pretreatment and control, compared with these two groups, decreased CD19+and CD5+CD19+B cell percentage in posttreatment was observed (P<0.05). Among these groups, no significant difference was displayed in intracellular IL-10 production and extracellular IL-10 secretion.Conclusions.131I Radioablation increased Tregs and decreased CD19+and CD5+CD19+B cells percentage after treatment. However, it has no effect on IL-10 and lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Therefore, longer follow-up of Tregs and Bregs should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional Open Thyroidectomy and Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via Breast Approach for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Tan ◽  
JiaLei Gu ◽  
QianBo Han ◽  
WenDong Wang ◽  
KeJing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Endoscopic Thyroidectomy ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Open Group ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Open Thyroidectomy ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods. Between March 2008 and March 2013, 34 patients with PTC received endoscopic thyroidectomy (endo group) and 30 patients received conventional open thyroidectomy (open group). Patients in two groups underwent ipsilateral central compartment node dissection. The two groups were compared in terms of patient characteristics, perioperative clinical results, and postoperative complication.Results. The rates of lymph node metastasis in endo group and open group were 23.5% (8/34) and 13.3% (4/30), respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.351). The mean number of lymph nodes dissected was 2.4 ± 2.9 in endoscopic group and 2.2 ± 1.9 in open group (P=0.774). During the follow-up period, there was no recurrence or metastatic patients in two groups. All patients received the excellent cosmetic results in endo group, while 25 patients were satisfied with the cosmetic result and 5 were unsatisfied in the open group.Conclusions. The efficacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach could be comparable to conventional open thyroidectomy in selected patients with PTC.

scholarly journals Toll-like receptors and hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (5) ◽  
pp. R501-R504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu V. Singh ◽  
François M. Abboud
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Hypertension and associated inflammatory processes that accelerate cardiovascular damage are regulated by the innate immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are major components of the innate immune system that recognize endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns to activate prominent inflammatory signaling including activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). However, the role of TLR in the etiology of hypertension is not well understood. TLR signaling is dependent on adaptor proteins that, along with the TLR expression patterns, confer specificity of the inflammatory response and its pathological targets. Here we review the conceptual framework of how TLR and their adaptor proteins may differentially affect hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy by different stimuli.

scholarly journals In Vivo Discrimination of Type 3 Secretion System-Positive and -Negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a Caspase-1-Dependent Pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4744-4753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamding Wangdi ◽  
Lilia A. Mijares ◽  
Barbara I. Kazmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT Microbe-associated molecular patterns are recognized by Toll-like receptors of the innate immune system. This recognition enables a rapid response to potential pathogens but does not clearly provide a way for the innate immune system to discriminate between virulent and avirulent microbes. We find that pulmonary infection of mice with type 3 translocation-competent Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggers a rapid inflammatory response, while infection with isogenic translocation-deficient mutants does not. Discrimination between translocon-positive and -negative bacteria requires caspase-1 activity in bone marrow-derived cells and interleukin-1 receptor signaling. Thus, the activation of caspase-1 by bacteria expressing type 3 secretion systems allows for rapid recognition of bacteria expressing conserved functions associated with virulence.

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