scholarly journals Genre Analysis of Research Article Abstracts in English for Academic Purposes Journals: Exploring the Possible Variations across the Venues of Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mavadat Saidi ◽  
Said Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Writing Course ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Academic Genre

Research article (RA) abstracts play a pivotal role in settling the fate of the academic papers. Despite the abundance of research on investigating the generic structure of this academic genre, the variations in its move patterns between the two venues within a single area of research seem to have remained untouched. The current study attempted to explore the constituent moves and move patterns of RA abstracts published in a local (Iranian Journal of English for Academic Purposes) and an international (The Journal of English for Academic Purposes) journal in the field of applied linguistics. Drawing on Hyland’s (2000) five-move model, the RA abstracts were analyzed. The results indicated that the abstracts published in the two journals included the conventional moves. Furthermore, the most frequent moves were the purpose, method, and product in the two corpora. Moreover, although the results of the chi-square test pointed to no significant difference in terms of the frequency of the moves in the abstracts, the analysis divulged variations in the move patterns across the two sets of articles. The findings carry pedagogical implications for the academic writing course designers, materials developers, and instructors to enhance the novice researchers’ familiarity with the writing conventions to facilitate their accommodation by the scientific communities.

EFL Students' Sustainable Educational Development Competencies with Regard to English for Academic Purposes (EAP)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Aydogan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Research Questions

: The chief scope of this study was to examine students' competencies related to English for academic purposes (EAP). The research questions included the relationships between students' interest in academic writing, their level of English proficiency, as well as subjective and objective measures of their EAP sustainable educational development competencies. A total of 152 Turkish students participated this study, out of which 80 (52.6%) were females and 72 (47.4%) were males. All of them were asked to take a short test which measures their EAP knowledge and to estimate their level of EAP educational sustainable development competencies and interest in academic writing. Both descriptive and inferential statistical procedures (correlational analysis, chi-square test and independent samples t-test) were used to answer the research questions. Firstly, the findings revealed positive correlations between the objective measure of EAP knowledge, self-reports of EAP sustainable educational development competences and interest in academic writing. Secondly, the EAP test showed to be difficult for students. Thirdly, statistically significant gender differences were found only in case of English proficiency levels where females outperformed males. Gender differences in academic writing have not been investigated so far. Additionally, the relationship between subjective and objective measures of EAP skills in EFL context has not been examined before.

scholarly journals Genre-Based Approach to the Analysis of Introductions in Doctoral Seminars of the Department of English, Unizik, Awka

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Chinwe Ezeifeka
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Academic Culture ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
University Of Southern California ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The University

This paper analyses selected research article introductions of doctoral seminars in the Department of English Language and Literature, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, to determine how these academic writings follow specific formats characteristic of such genres. Specifically the work looks at the staged cognitive organisation of the selected samples in line with the requisite schematic or generic structure postulated in Bhatia (1993) and adopted by the University of Southern California (USC). Every genre is characterized by culture-bound unique structuring and communicative purposes that give it generic coherence. Research article introduction is an academic sub-genre with specified conventions characterising genres from the academic culture/community. A total of eighteen samples of research introductions were analysed, the aim being to determine whether the cognitive move structures in the samples conform with, or depart from, the conventionalized patterns of this academic sub-genre and how the pattern used in the samples enabled or militated against the writers’ achievement of the desired communicative purposes. A critical reading of doctoral seminars in the Department shows lack of knowledge of the unique formatting of introductions, making this work to be anchored on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) with particular emphasis on English for Academic Purposes (EAP). The baseline of the findings is to discover the present proficiency of these group of learners, enlighten budding academics on the move structure of article introductions in order to achieve generic coherence as well as target proficiency in that sub-genre of academic writing.

Discourse Markers in Academic and Non-academic Writing of Iranian EFL Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Ghanbari ◽  
Tahereh Dehghani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shamsaddini
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Academic Genre ◽  
Analyze Data

The present study investigated the type of discourse markers in academic and non-academic writing of Iranian EFL learners. It tried to find out the most frequent types and tokens of discourse markers and to determine a significant difference between discourse markers in academic and non-academic writing. The 60 participants of this study were selected from Safire Lian language institute. Thirty were chosen to write academic writing and 30 to write non-academic writing. Fraser's taxonomy was used as the main taxonomy but to fulfill the aims of the study, some other taxonomy was used such as Cowan (2008) and Schiffrine (1981). The Chi-Square statistical test was used to analyze data in order to find out the differences in the use of discourse markers between academic and non-academic writing. Different hierarchies of discourse markers were observed in the present study. Elaborative and inferential were the most frequent types in academic genre while in non-academic genre elaborative was only the most frequent type. Moreover, the quantitative analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the use of discourse markers in academic and non-academic writing. Furthermore, as the result revealed discourse markers were required more in academic than non-academic writing.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer: comparison of laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoe Fujiwara ◽  
Ruri Nishie ◽  
Shoko Ueda ◽  
Syunsuke Miyamoto ◽  
Shinichi Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Peritoneal Cytology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Positive Peritoneal Cytology

Abstract Background There is uncertainty surrounding the prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer, especially in laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this retrospective study is to determine the prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology among patients with low-risk endometrial cancer and to compare it between laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparotomy. Methods From August 2008 to December 2019, all cases of pathologically confirmed stage IA grade 1 or 2 endometrial cancer were reviewed at Osaka Medical College. Statistical analyses used the Chi-square test and the Kaplan–Meier log rank. Results A total of 478 patients were identified: 438 with negative peritoneal cytology (232 who underwent laparotomy and 206 who undertook laparoscopic surgery) and 40 with positive peritoneal cytology (20 who underwent laparotomy and 20 who received laparoscopic surgery). Survival was significantly worse among patients with positive peritoneal cytology compared to patients with negative peritoneal cytology. However, there was no significant difference among patients with negative or positive peritoneal cytology between laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy. Conclusion This retrospective study suggests that, while peritoneal cytology is an independent risk factor in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer, laparoscopic surgery does not influence the survival outcome when compared to laparotomy.

scholarly journals Effect of corneal refractive surgery on accommodative and binocular dysfunctions among civilian pilots in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Meng Liao ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Xue Lin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Visual Symptom ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
Normal Binocular Vision

Abstract Background To analyze whether corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is associated with the distribution of different accommodative dysfunctions (ADs) and binocular dysfunctions (BDs) in civilian pilots. A further aim was to analyze the percentages and visual symptoms associated with ADs and/or BDs in this population. Methods One hundred and eight civilian pilots who underwent CRS from January 2001 to July 2012 (age: 30.33 ± 4.60 years) were enrolled, the mean preoperative SE was − 1.51 ± 1.15 D (range: − 1.00- − 5.00 D). Ninety-nine emmetropic civilian pilots (age: 29.64 ± 3.77 years) who were age- and sex-matched to the CRS group were also enrolled. Refractive status, accommodative and binocular tests of each subject were performed. Visually related symptoms were quantified using the 19-item College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVD-QOL) questionnaire. The 19 items were summed to obtain visual symptom scores that might indicate visual dysfunctions. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences in percentages of ADs and/or BDs between the CRS and emmetropic groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare visual symptom scores between pilots with ADs and/or BDs and pilots with normal binocular vision. Results No significant difference was observed between the CRS and emmetropic groups in the overall prevalence of ADs and BDs (15.7% and 15.2% in the CRS and emmetropic groups, respectively; P = 0.185). ADs were present in 4.63% and 3.03% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively. BDs were observed in 11.1% and 12.1% of the CRS and emmetropic group, respectively, yielding no significant differences between the groups in the prevalence of ADs or BDs (AD: P = 0.094; BD: P = 0.105). Pilots with ADs and/or BDs had significantly more visual symptoms than pilots with normal binocular vision (p < 0.001). Conclusions CRS for civilian pilots with low-moderate myopia might not impact binocular functions. ADs and/or BDs commonly occur in both emmetropia pilots and pilots who undergo CRS, and pilots with ADs and/or BDs are associated with increased symptoms. This study confirms the importance of a full assessment of binocular visual functions in detecting and remedying these dysfunctions in this specific population.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis in Comparison to Chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3469
Author(s):  
Khalid H. Almadi ◽  
Muhammad Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Tuba Ghazal ◽  
Rizwan Jouhar ◽  
Mazen F. Alkahtany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Propolis is proposed to possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be used in endodontic applications. However, evidence on its efficacy in comparison to chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is controversial. The aim of the current study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis and chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis in extracted human permanent teeth. The focused question was, “Does Propolis show better antibacterial efficacy than Chlorhexidine (CHX) as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis in extracted human permanent teeth?”. Databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, ISI-Web of Science were searched from 1990 to August 2020 using different combinations of the following keywords: “Propolis”, “Intracanal medicament”, “E. faecalis”, “Antibacterial activity” and “Chlorhexidine”. Ten studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were considered for qualitative analysis, followed by quantitative analysis of eight studies. Heterogeneity was calculated for colony forming units (CFU) of E. Faecalis using the Chi-square test and I2 statistics. Forest plots were computed reporting standard mean difference (SMD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals. The overall mean difference for CFU of E. faecalis showed a statistically significant difference between the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis and CHX (SMD = 3.20 [1.70, 4.69] Z = 4.20; p < 0.001). CHX showed superior antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis compared to Propolis.

scholarly journals Rheumatologist perspective of the Brazilian consensus for detection of auto antibodies in HEp-2 CELLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio ◽  
Leandro Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Luiz Carvalho Francescantonio ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Coelho Andrade ◽  
Wilson de Melo Cruvinel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dichotomous Data ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Relevant Pattern ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Objective To evaluate the perception of rheumatologists regarding the recommendations of the Brazilian Consensus for detection of Autoantibodies (BCA) on HEp-2 Cells by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and how BCA recommendations help in clinical practice. Methodology A structured questionnaire regarding the BCA recommendations for detection and interpretations of autoantibodies in HEp-2 cells was applied to randomly selected rheumatologists. The results were tabulated using the Microsoft® Excel program, expressed as a simple percentage and the dichotomous data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Epi Info® program. Results Four hundred fuorteen rheumatologists participated in the study: 70% of them considered their knowledge of the HEp-2 IFA test satisfactory or excellent, and 43% said they knew the BCA recommendations in general, without distinguishing the edition of the BCA to which they refer. The Revista Brasileira de Rheumatologia/Advances in Rheumatology was the means of dissemination most consulted by specialists (50%). According to the rheumatologists’ opinion, the most relevant pattern was the homogeneous nuclear (78%) and 65% stated they were satisfied with the BCA recommendations at a level of satisfaction greater than or equal to 80%. There was no significant difference in the perception of rheumatologists from the several Brazilian geographic regions. Conclusion Brazilian rheumatologists are aware of the BCA guidelines and most are satisfied with the content published, considering that the BCA recommendations assist positively in the clinical practice. Most rheumatologists recognize the patterns associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and have used BCA recommendations to interpret the results of the HEp-2 IFA test.

scholarly journals The Pilot Study of the Hazard Perception Test for Evaluation of the Driver’s Skill Using Virtual Reality

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Tatsunori Sawada ◽  
Hiroki Uda ◽  
Akira Suzuki ◽  
Kounosuke Tomori ◽  
Kanta Ohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limited Range ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hazard Perception ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Driving Skill ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Gender Groups

Background: Although various technologies are used to evaluate driving skill, there are some limitations such as the limited range of the monitor and the possible risk of causing cybersickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in the hazard perception and cybersickness experienced between novice and experienced drivers measured in a VR hazard perception test with a head-mounted display (HMD). Methods: The novice (n = 32) and the experienced drivers (n = 36) participated in the hazard perception test through the VR of an HMD. Results: The total number of identified hazards was 1071 in the novice drivers and 1376 in the experienced drivers. Two of the hazards appeared to be only identifiable through the HMD. A chi-square test revealed that experienced drivers were more likely to identify the hazards than the novice drivers (p < 0.05). The novice drivers appeared to identify “hazard prediction of the current behavior of other road users” more than other hazard types, unlike the experienced group. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire scores indicated no significant difference in the different age or gender groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the VR hazard perception test may be useful for evaluating patients’ driving skills.

scholarly journals Facial Profile Shape, Malocclusion and Palatal Morphology in Malay Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Banabilh ◽  
A. R. Samsudin ◽  
A. H. Suzina ◽  
Sidek Dinsuhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in facial profile shape, malocclusion class, or palatal morphology in Malay adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: Subjects were 120 adult Malays aged 18 to 65 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 33.2 ± 13.31) divided into two groups of 60. Both groups underwent clinical examination and limited channel polysomnography (PSG). The mean OSA and control values were subjected to t-test and the chi square test. Results: Physical examination showed that 61.7% of the OSA patients were obese, and 41.7% of those obese patients had severe OSA. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater for the OSA group (33.2 kg/m2 ± 6.5) than for the control group (22.7 kg/m2 ± 3.5; P &lt; .001). The mean neck size and systolic blood pressure were greater for the OSA group (43.6 cm ± 6.02; 129.1 mm Hg ± 17.55) than for the control group (35.6 cm ± 3.52; 114.1 mm Hg ± 13.67; P &lt; .001). Clinical examination showed that the most frequent findings among OSA groups when compared with the control group were convex profiles (71.7%), Class II malocclusion (51.7%), and V palatal shape (53.3%), respectively; the chi square test revealed a significant difference in terms of facial profile and malocclusion class (P &lt; .05), but no significant difference in palatal shape was found. Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. A convex facial profile and Class II malocclusion were significantly more common in the OSA group. The V palatal shape was a frequent finding in the OSA group.

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