scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Acute and Repeated-Dose Toxicity Study of Geranyl Cinnamate Ester in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Micheli Zanetti ◽  
Mikaela Scatolin ◽  
Amanda Rebonatto Oltramari ◽  
Maria Luiza Lima da Costa Lopes ◽  
Rubieli Carla Frezza Zeferino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Repeated Dose Toxicity ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

In the present study, the antifungal activity and toxicity of the geranyl cinnamate ester (GCE) were investigated. The GCE showed antifungal activity at a minimum concentration of 0.16 μL/mL against Candida albicans and at concentrations greater than 2.5 μL/mL against Aspergillus niger. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of GCE (2.000 mg/kg) affected the body weight gain and food intake but did not induce the mortality of the animals studied. After the investigation of repeated-dose toxicity of GCE at 2 and 4 mg/kg, the hematological and biochemical parameters were changed. In addition, the adrenal weight of male mice treated with GCE at 4 mg/kg was affected. In conclusion, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) acute toxicity parameters, the geranyl cinnamate ester can be classified into safety category number 5. The results of this study suggested that the geranyl cinnamate ester may be a source of natural antifungals.

Evaluation of Acute, Subacute and LD50 values of Methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus leaves in Albino mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2487-2492
Author(s):  
Gajendra Pratap Choudhary ◽  
Ashutosh Pal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
System Response ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Sphaeranthus indicus is one of the extremely precious herbs in the Indigenous System of Medicine. The present study was carried out to acute, subacute and LD50 values of methanolic extract of S. indicus leaves in Swiss mice of both sexes. The acute toxicity studies were conducted oral administration of 1.75, 5.5, 17.5, 55, 175, 550, 2000mg/kg body weight SIME used. Observations were recorded systemically up to 24 h after dose administration for behavior related to nervous system response or autonomic functions. Food and water intake, body weight variations, hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. In sub acute toxicity treatment there were no significant variation in the body weights and haematological parameters except dose-dependent increase in lymphocyte count was noted in both sexes supported immunostimulant activity. Pathologically, significant protective effect on hepatic, renal functions and decreased cholesterol, triglyceride levels. The results did not show any treatment related abnormalities in terms of hematological and biochemical parameters in sub-acute toxicity. After acute administration, no mortality was recorded in mice treated with the SIME orally at a dose of 1000mg/kg. The LD50 values were determined using graphical method; we found a broad therapeutic window and a high therapeutic index value showed that the LD50 of the extract is 2480mg/kg. The results suggest that the plant seems to be high margin of drug safety in mice.

scholarly journals SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF A STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDE FROM THE FLOWERS OF ALANGIUM SALVIIFOLIUM WANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Adeeba Anjum ◽  
Ashik Mosaddik ◽  
Mir Imam Ibne Wahed ◽  
Md. Ekramul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Steroidal Glycoside ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The current study was carried out to investigate the sub-acute toxicity of 3-O--D-glucopyranosyl-(24)-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-triene, a steroidal glycoside isolated from the flowers of Alangium salviifolium Wang on Long Evan’s rat. After intra-peritoneal administration of the compound at a dose of 300 μg/rat/day for 14 consecutive days, no mortality or significant changes in body weight or behavior were observed. The blood samples of the rats were examined for hematological and biochemical parameters which were statistically insignificant when compared to that of the control group. All the vital organs showed normal histopathological architecture (heart, lungs, liver and kidney) in comparison to the control group. This preliminary investigation demonstrate that the compound is safe at dose of 300 μg/rat/day for 14 consecutive days. But acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity evaluations as well as clinical trials need to be done.

scholarly journals The effect of the insect-acaricidal drug Delcid 7.5® on the body of rabbits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Burmistrova ◽  
F.I. Vasilevich ◽  
A.A. Deltsov
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Average Hemoglobin

The effect of the drug Delcid 7.5 ® on the clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of rabbits of the New Zealand breed, 6 months of age, when used in doses of 2 ml or 4 ml. Three times with a cutaneous application along the vertebral column from the head to the tail. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that after applying the drug in these doses for 3 days, there were no external signs of intoxication in rabbits. All the animals of the experimental groups were active. The reaction to external stimuli is preserved. Hematological parameters of peripheral blood (number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, color index, the average hemoglobin content of PG in erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, the exponent of anisocytosis of red blood cells, etc.) of the experimental group after treatment in 5, 15, 25 days had no significant differences from those in the control group, this suggests that the applied drug to the skin along the spine from the withers to the rump at a dose of 2 and 4 ml has no Toxicological effect on peripheral blood. The leukogram of the peripheral blood of rabbits when using the drug did not differ from the control parameters. The analysis of biochemical parameters (activity of aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, urea, glucose, total protein, bilirubin, etc.) of the blood of the experimental groups when applying the drug Delcid 7.5 ® along the spinal column at the maximum therapeutic dose did not reveal statistically significant differences from the control, which indicates that the drug does not have a genotoxic effect, does not interfere with the kidneys and metabolism in the body of rabbits. The results of the conducted studies show that the insecticide-acaricide drug Delcid 7.5® for veterinary use, developed by NVC Agrovetzashchita LLC, is safe for rabbits, and therefore it can be recommended for studying the effectiveness of acarosis in rabbits and other animal species.

scholarly journals TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Jonas Roberto Velasco-Chong ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe ◽  
Linder Figueroa-Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

Subacute oral toxicity evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. tubers in Phu Quoc, Vietnam

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mai Nguyen Ngoc Trac ◽  
Pham Thu Ha ◽  
Do Thi Hong Tuoi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The tubers of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, liver and intestinal diseases in the traditional medicine of Vietnam. The 50% ethanolic extract of H. formicarum (EEHF) has been proved anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as hepatoprotective activity at the oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice. The aim of this work was to study on the subacute oral toxicity of the EEHF at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 30 and 60 consecutive days in both sexes of mice. The observations were undertaken on the mortality, the body weights, the toxic signs, hematological and biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment, the histopathology of liver and kidneys was studied. The results showed that the 100 mg/kg of EEHF did not cause any toxic signs in mice. There was no significant difference of hematological and biochemical parameters between the treated animals and the controls. Histopathological examinations of livers and kidneys showed no significant difference suggesting no morphological disturbances in treated mice. In conclusion, the results indicated that the EEHF did not cause any subacute toxicity in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, providing the evidence of the safety of health products from this medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Комплексное лечение больных ревматоидным миокардитом коров

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
A.V. Timakov ◽  
T.K. Timakova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Portal Circulation ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sick Animal

Ревматоидный миокардит у коров протекает остро и характеризуется быстрым развитием клинических симптомов, поражает соединительную ткань сердечнососудистой системы (эндокард, миокард, реже перикард) и крупные суставы. Проявляется как осложнение при инфекционных и гемоспоридиозных болезнях, интоксикациях химическими и медикаментозными ядами, а также при аутоинтоксикациях вследствие поражения кишечника, почек. Воспалительный процесс развивается под воздействием токсинов основного заболевания. Всё это ведёт к нарушению портального кровообращения, развитию застоя крови в печени, кишечнике, легких. Как следствие возникает одышка, цианоз, отёки (начинаются на нижних частях тела), резкие нарушения ритма. Общее состояние больного животного резко ухудшается, и на фоне токсикоаллергических состояний могут возникать артриты. У коров могут быть послеродовые осложнения. В крови отмечают несоответствие гематологических и биохимических показателей. Своевременная диагностика и комплексное лечение коров с использованием средств патогенетической и симптоматической терапии позволяют восстановить нарушенные функции организма и продуктивность животных.Rheumatoid myocarditis in cows follows acute and is characterized by the rapid development of clinical symptoms, affects the connective tissue of the cardiovascular system (endocardium, myocardium, less often the pericardium) and major joints. It is come out as a complication of infectious and hemosporidial diseases, intoxication with chemical and drug poisons as well as during autointoxication due to bowel and kidney damage. The inflammatory process develops under the influence of toxins of the underlying disease. All this leads to a violation of the portal circulation, the development of blood stagnation in the liver, bowel, lungs. As a result, apnoea, cyanosis, edema (start on the lower parts of the body), sharp rhythm disturbances occur. The general condition of the sick animal is deteriorating dramatically and arthritides can occur in the course of toxicoallergic conditions. Cows can have postpartum complications. There is a discrepancy between hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood. Timely diagnosis and complex treatment of cows with the use of pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy can restore impaired body functions and animal productivity.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. methanol extract in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
T Hemalatha ◽  
D Ahino Mary ◽  
A Saravana Ganthi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Normal Limit ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trema Orientalis ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Powder Extract

The medicinal plants find wide applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industry. Trema orientalis has emerged as a good source of phytomedicine. T. orientalis has beneficial therapeutic properties, and indicates that it has potential as an effective herbal remedy for several diseases.  The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of methanol powder extract of aerial part of Trema orientalis. There were no major changes in the body weight of animal treated with plant extract. The biochemical parameters like ALP, SGPT, SGOT, total protein, globulin, albumin and bilirubin were within the normal limit in the plant extract treated groups of animals. The present study shows that the methanolic extract of Trema orientalis is safe in lower dose for pharmaceutical analysis. Keywords: Acute toxicity, biochemical parameters, Sub-acute toxicity, Trema orientalis

scholarly journals Single Oral Acute Toxicity of Banhasasim-Tang and Its Antiobesity Effect on Diet-Induced Obese Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae-Rom Yoo ◽  
Soo-Jin Jeong ◽  
Mee-young Lee ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Sd Rats

We had tested antiobesity effect of 52 traditional herbal formulas in 3T3-L1 adipocyte, and Banhasasim-tang (BHSST) was chosen as one of the effective medications to inhibit triglyceride accumulation. We investigated the antiobesity effect of BHSST on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. In addition, we evaluated the acute toxicity of BHSST in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with various concentrations of BHSST for 8 days. Accumulated triglyceride level and the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes and proteins were subsequently investigated. To evaluate the single oral toxicity of BHSST, the SD rats of each sex were administered a single dose (5000 mg/kg) of BHSST via oral gavage; the control group received vehicle only. After a single administration, the mortality, clinical signs, gross findings, and body weight were monitored for 15 days. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD for 4 weeks to induce obesity and randomly received 50 mg/kg of Orlistat (n=12, OR), 200 mg/kg of BHSST (n=12, B200), and 1000 mg/kg of BHSST (n=12, B1000) for another 8 weeks. BHSST suppressed the triglyceride contents and lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BHSST also downregulated the adipogenesis-related gene levels and protein expression compared with those in undifferentiated adipocytes. In a single oral dose toxicity study, there was no adverse effect on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and gross findings in the treatment group. HFD-fed mice treated with BHSST showed significantly reduced body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and white adipose tissue weight. The medial lethal dose (LD50) of BHSST was 5000 mg/kg/day body weight for each sex in the rats. BHSST decreased the body weight gain in HFD-fed obese mice and inhibited triglyceride accumulation via a cascade of multiple factors at the mRNA and protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Influence of feed additives on the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of lactating cows

2022 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
R. A. Maksimova ◽  
◽  
E. M. Ermolova ◽  
V. I. Kosilov ◽  
Yu. A. Karmatskikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Increasing the milk productivity of cows is the main task facing the livestock industry of our country. The study of some hematological and biochemical blood parameters in dairy cows when different feed additives are included in their rations is an urgent research task. The purpose of the investigations was to study the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of lactating cows when using different feed additives in the ration. During the investigations, the influence of feed additives such as Zaslon 2+ (at a dose of 20 g/head/day to the main ration), Diatomite (100 g/head/day to the main ration) and Monosporin (70 g/head/day to the main ration) on the hematological and biochemical blood parameters of lactating cows has been observed. The studied feed additives are used for the adsorption of mycotoxins in feed, normalization of digestive processes, and improvement of the livability and productivity of farm animals. In order to study the influence of the tested feed additives on the hematological parameters of the blood of lactating cows under the conditions of the Troitsky area in the Chelyabinsk region, on four groups of cows selected according to the principle of analogues (age, live weight, productivity, breed, physiological condition) the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out. As the result of the investigations, data have been obtained indicating that the feed additive Zaslon 2+ at the dose of 20 g/head/day has the greatest effect on the metabolism in the body of lactating cows.

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