scholarly journals Application of Microfluidics in Immunoassay: Recent Advancements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yuxing Shi ◽  
Peng Ye ◽  
Kuojun Yang ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Jiuchuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Digital Microfluidics ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
The Past

In recent years, point-of-care testing has played an important role in immunoassay, biochemical analysis, and molecular diagnosis, especially in low-resource settings. Among various point-of-care-testing platforms, microfluidic chips have many outstanding advantages. Microfluidic chip applies the technology of miniaturizing conventional laboratory which enables the whole biochemical process including reagent loading, reaction, separation, and detection on the microchip. As a result, microfluidic platform has become a hotspot of research in the fields of food safety, health care, and environmental monitoring in the past few decades. Here, the state-of-the-art application of microfluidics in immunoassay in the past decade will be reviewed. According to different driving forces of fluid, microfluidic platform is divided into two parts: passive manipulation and active manipulation. In passive manipulation, we focus on the capillary-driven microfluidics, while in active manipulation, we introduce pressure microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, electric microfluidics, optofluidics, magnetic microfluidics, and digital microfluidics. Additionally, within the introduction of each platform, innovation of the methods used and their corresponding performance improvement will be discussed. Ultimately, the shortcomings of different platforms and approaches for improvement will be proposed.

Magnetic Digital Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Testing: Where Are We Now?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Digital Microfluidics ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Interface System ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Sample System

: Point-of-care (POC) testing decentralizes the diagnostic tests to the sites near the patient. Many POC tests rely microfluidic platforms for sample-to-answer analysis. Compared to other microfluidic systems, magnetic digital microfluidics demonstrate compelling advantages for POC diagnostics. In this review, we have examined the capability of magnetic digital microfluidics-based POC diagnostic platforms. More importantly, we have categorized POC settings into three classes based on “where is the point”, “who to care” and “how to test”, and evaluated the suitability of magnetic digital microfluidics in various POC settings. Furthermore, we have addressed other technical issues associated with POC testing such as controlled environment, sample-system interface, system integration and information connectivity. We hope this review would provide a guideline for the future development of magnetic digital microfluidics-based platforms for POC testing.

Point-of-care testing based on smartphone: The current state-of-the-art (2017–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Zhaoxin Geng ◽  
Zhiyuan Fan ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Hongda Chen
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Current State

Evaluation of the blood gas analyzer GEM(r) PREMIER(tm) 3000

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Bénéteau-Burnat ◽  
Marie-Chantal Bocque ◽  
Anne Lorin ◽  
Catherine Martin ◽  
Michel Vaubourdolle
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Miniaturized Sensors ◽  
Blood Gas Analyzer

AbstractDuring the past few decades, new technologies have allowed the fabrication of miniaturized sensors and the development of analyzers well designed for point-of-care testing (POCT). They combined the ease-of-use and portability required for POC with the accuracy and the reliability of traditional systems. Instrumentation Laboratory introduced the GEM

scholarly journals Electrochemical Detection and Point-of-Care Testing for Circulating Tumor Cells: Current Techniques and Future Potentials

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6073
Author(s):  
Chunyang Lu ◽  
Jintao Han ◽  
Xiaoyi Sun ◽  
Gen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Target

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that escaped from the primary tumor or the metastasis into the blood and they play a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence. Thus, it is widely accepted that CTC is the main target of liquid biopsy. In the past few decades, the separation of CTC based on the electrochemical method has attracted widespread attention due to its convenience, rapidness, low cost, high sensitivity, and no need for complex instruments and equipment. At present, CTC detection is not widely used in the clinic due to various reasons. Point-of-care CTC detection provides us with a possibility, which is sensitive, fast, cheap, and easy to operate. More importantly, the testing instrument is small and portable, and the testing does not require specialized laboratories and specialized clinical examiners. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in the electrochemical-based CTC detection and point-of-care CTC detection, and discussed the challenges and possible trends.

scholarly journals Development of a digital microfluidic platform for point of care testing

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Sista ◽  
Zhishan Hua ◽  
Prasanna Thwar ◽  
Arjun Sudarsan ◽  
Vijay Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Digital Microfluidic

Point-of-Care Testing (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Point-of-care testing (POCT) is defined as medical diagnostic testing performed outside the clinical laboratory in close proximity to where the patient is receiving care. POCT is typically performed by non-laboratory personnel and the results are used for clinical decision making. When used appropriately, point-of-care testing (POCT) is a valuable resource during the rapid response system (RRS) activation. Advantages include shortened time between acquiring a sample from the patient and analysis of that sample and a subsequent decrease in time to clinical decision making. Disadvantages revolve largely around the cost of POCT. Driving forces behind the movement towards POCT include care process optimization, improvement of patient outcomes, changing regulatory requirements, and changes in the face of the workforce.

scholarly journals Joint Sparse and Low-Rank Multi-Task Learning with Extended Multi-Attribute Profile for Hyperspectral Target Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wu ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Yi Cen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
The Past ◽  
Task Learning ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Morphological Attribute ◽  
Background Pixel

Target detection is an active area in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) processing. Many algorithms have been proposed for the past decades. However, the conventional detectors mainly benefit from the spectral information without fully exploiting the spatial structures of HSI. Besides, they primarily use all bands information and ignore the inter-band redundancy. Moreover, they do not make full use of the difference between the background and target samples. To alleviate these problems, we proposed a novel joint sparse and low-rank multi-task learning (MTL) with extended multi-attribute profile (EMAP) algorithm (MTJSLR-EMAP). Briefly, the spatial features of HSI were first extracted by morphological attribute filters. Then the MTL was exploited to reduce band redundancy and retain the discriminative information simultaneously. Considering the distribution difference between the background and target samples, the target and background pixels were separately modeled with different regularization terms. In each task, a background pixel can be low-rank represented by the background samples while a target pixel can be sparsely represented by the target samples. Finally, the proposed algorithm was compared with six detectors including constrained energy minimization (CEM), adaptive coherence estimator (ACE), hierarchical CEM (hCEM), sparsity-based detector (STD), joint sparse representation and MTL detector (JSR-MTL), independent encoding JSR-MTL (IEJSR-MTL) on three datasets. Corresponding to each competitor, it has the average detection performance improvement of about 19.94%, 22.53%, 16.92%, 14.87%, 14.73%, 4.21% respectively. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that MTJSLR-EMAP outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms.

scholarly journals Optofluidic bioanalysis: fundamentals and applications

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damla Ozcelik ◽  
Hong Cai ◽  
Kaelyn D. Leake ◽  
Aaron R. Hawkins ◽  
Holger Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reconfigurable Devices ◽  
Devices And Instruments

Abstract:Over the past decade, optofluidics has established itself as a new and dynamic research field for exciting developments at the interface of photonics, microfluidics, and the life sciences. The strong desire for developing miniaturized bioanalytic devices and instruments, in particular, has led to novel and powerful approaches to integrating optical elements and biological fluids on the same chip-scale system. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in optofluidic research with emphasis on applications in bioanalysis and a focus on waveguide-based approaches that represent the most advanced level of integration between optics and fluidics. We discuss recent work in photonically reconfigurable devices and various application areas. We show how optofluidic approaches have been pushing the performance limits in bioanalysis, e.g. in terms of sensitivity and portability, satisfying many of the key requirements for point-of-care devices. This illustrates how the requirements for bianalysis instruments are increasingly being met by the symbiotic integration of novel photonic capabilities in a miniaturized system.

Engine Valves—Design and Material Evolution

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Larson ◽  
L. F. Jenkins ◽  
S. L. Narasimhan ◽  
J. E. Belmore
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Valve Function ◽  
Engine Valves

This paper reviews the design and material evolution of poppet valves used in reciprocating internal combustion engines in the United States. Driving forces which led to the current state-of-the-art technology, such as needs for improved durability and cost effectiveness, are described. This paper also endeavors to predict how valve materials, design, and construction will change over the next two decades in response to continual engine performance improvement demands in a worldwide competitive environment. As a basis for understanding the past evolution and future trends in valve design, the key operating parameters that affect valve function are detailed.

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