scholarly journals High Seroprevalence of Toxocara Infection among Mentally Retarded Patients in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mostafa Omidian ◽  
Mariye Diyaleh ◽  
Ali Pouryousef ◽  
Habibollah Turki ◽  
Fattaneh Mikaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Profound Mental Retardation

Mentally retarded individuals are more likely to become infected with soil-transmitted infections including toxocariasis. The current study aimed to determine the serostatus of toxocariasis among institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran. Subjects of the study were 117 mentally disabled individuals, including children and adults, maintained in a charity-based institution. Three millilitres of venous blood was taken from each subject. While sampling, demographic features of the subject were documented in a questionnaire. An ELISA system based on Toxocara larvae excretory-secretory antigens (TES) was utilized to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in the sera of the patients. The mean age of the subject was 27.6 (±12.31) years and consisted of 55 (47%) males and 62 (53%) females. Out of 117 cases, 33 (28.2%) were seropositive for toxocariasis. The seroprevalence was higher in females (37.1%) than males (18.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( p  < 0.05). Out of 117 subjects, 76 (64.9%) had severe and 41 (35.1%) had profound mental retardation. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 18 (23.7%) patients with severe and 15 (35.6%) patients with profound mental retardation. The highest seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis (44.4%) was observed in the age group of ≤10 years followed by 21–30 years old (36.7%). No statistically significant association was seen between the age and also the duration of residency in the care center and seropositivity of toxocariasis ( p  > 0.05). The current study represents the high prevalence of toxocariasis in mentally retarded patients in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. The elevated seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis in the current study indicates that these subjects constitute a high-risk group for Toxocara infection, which may be attributed to their behavioral patterns.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Yudhie Suchyadi ◽  
Yulia Ambarsari ◽  
Elly Sukmanasa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
The Way

Differences in the characteritics of children with special needs will require the ability of teachers to combine various abilities and talents of each child, such as mentally retarded children who need communication like children in general. His developmental delays are often excluded from his playing enviranment, thus the need for good social interaction with mentally retarded children. Based on these problems, a study was conducted to describe the findings of social interaction in mentally retarded children in extraordinary school Mentari Kita. The research is a descriptive analysis with qualitative research approach. Technique of data analysis was performed with data reduction stage, the presentation of data, and verification (conclusions). Researchers used the test of credibility, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, and konfirmabilitas to obtain the validity of the data. The result showed that the way social interaction with mental retardation children how do social contacts and communication as being able to respond when invited to communicate but it should be repeated over and over,the subject has a weakness in the concentration of so when invited to talk hard staring at your opponents interlocutor. When did the subject communication using language that sounds stilted. Social contact subject well againts his peers is characterized by sensitivity to her friends when in distress, want to help his friend like get a pencil, and divide the food per day taken by subject. Based on the above research result it can be concluded that the way the social interactions of the child with mental retardation how do social contacts and communication in accordance with the terms of the occurrence of social interaction. Keywords: Social Interaction, Mental Retardation

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis Using Recombinant Antigen B-ELISA in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza SHAFIEI ◽  
Fatemeh TAGHASI ◽  
Seyed Ahmad HASHEMI ◽  
Yaser PANAHI ◽  
Nasir AREFKHAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
The North ◽  
Antigen B ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important helminthic parasitic diseases in Iran. The current study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of CE in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran in 2018. Methods: The study was carried out in seven cities of North Khorasan Province. Venous blood samples were collected from 932 individuals referring to health centers of those seven cities. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data regarding the subject's gender, age, residence and risk factors linked to the hydatid cyst. Sera samples were evaluated for anti-hydatid cyst antibodies in an ELISA system, using a recombinant B8/1 antigen of E. granulosus. Results: Of the 932 recruited subjects, 496 (53.2%) were male and 436 (46.8%) were female. The range of participants’ age was between 11 to 83 yr old and the mean age of the subjects was 35.4 (±12.7) years. Anti-hydatid cyst antibodies were detected in the sera of 37 out of 932 subjects, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 3.96%. From these, 20 (54.05%) were male and 17 (45.95%) were female. There were no associations between seropositivity to hydatid cyst and age, the gender of the participants, residential areas and having contact with dogs (P>0.05). Conclusion: CE is relatively prevalent throughout the North Khorasan Province in the Northeast of Iran. Rate of CE infection in this Province is somewhat similar to the rate of infection in other parts of the country.

scholarly journals A Learning Media Based on Hands-on Activity in Mathematics for Students Special School

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 317-329
Author(s):  
Nurjanah Nurjanah ◽  
Ade Rohayati ◽  
Lala Riza
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Special School ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

The use of hands-on activity-based mathematics learning media for mentally retarded children and cerebral palsy is largely unexplored. Meanwhile, observations of children with special needs (mental retardation and cerebral palsy) at school have not shown good basic math skills, such as counting, recognizing numbers, recognizing letters, performing math operations (for example, addition and subtraction). This study aims to develop a hands-on activity-based learning media model for mentally retarded children and cerebral palsy to improve understanding of mathematics in reading, writing, and arithmetic subjects. The method used is Research and Development, where the subject is the Special School in Bandung, Indonesia. The instruments used in this study were documentation, classroom observation, interviews, and tests of mathematical comprehension abilities. The results showed that a hands-on activity-based learning model could be used to improve basic math skills in reading, writing, and arithmetic for children with mental retardation and cerebral palsy.

Diminished People: Problems and Care of the Mentally Retarded, by fifteen authors, edited by Norman R. Bernstein, M.D. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1970, 340 pp., $15.50

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Allen C. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Personal Bias ◽  
Professional Interest ◽  
The Subject

I have the feeling that probably no one can put together a book on the subject of mental retardation which will satisfy many other people. An author in this field invariably reveals his own personal bias in his writing and editorship, and this inevitably clashes in some measure with the emotion-laden special attitudes of many of the more experienced of his potential readers. It should also be pointed out that as an area of professional interest, mental retardation has an unsatisfactory nomenclature, imperfect standards, a set of uneven disciplinary alliances, and a massively unfulfilled mission.

scholarly journals PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA MENGGUNAKAN METODE PHONIK DAN MEDIA GAMBAR ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI SLB NEGERI PRINGSEWU

JURNAL PESONA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Ani Diana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

AbstrakPerkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi menuntut terciptanya masyarakat yang gemar belajar. Proses belajar yang efektif antara lain dilakukan melalui membaca. Masyarakat yang gemar membaca memperoleh pengetahuan dan wawasan baru yang akan semakin meningkatklan kecerdasan sehingga mereka lebih mampu menjawab tantangan hidup pada masa-masa mendatang, maka membaca diberikan di semua tingkat pendidikan termasuk bagi anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan peaksanaan metode pembelajaran membaca phonik dan media gambar bagi anak tunagrahita. Subjek penelitian ini anak tunagrahita di SLB Negeri Pringsewu. Teknik pengumnpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan tes hasil belajar. Data yang sudah didapatkan dianalisis dengan metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian bahwa pembelajaran membaca menggunakan metode phonik dan  media gambar pada 7 anak tunagrahita di SLB Negeri Pringsewu,  kemampuan membaca anak-anaknya lebih baik.Kata Kunci: pembelajaran membaca, metode phonik, media gambar, anak tunagrahita. AbstractThe development of science and technology demands the creation of a society that likes to learn. An effective learning process, among others, is done through reading. People who like to read gain new knowledge and insights that will increase their intelligence so that they are better able to answer life's challenges in the future, so reading is given at all levels of education including for children with special needs. This study aims to identify and describe the implementation of learning methods for reading phonics and image media for mentally retarded children. The subject of this research was children with mental retardation in Pringsewu State SLB. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and learning outcomes tests. The data that has been obtained were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis method. From the results of the study that learning to read using phonic methods and image media on 7 mentally retarded children in Pringsewu State SLB, their children's reading ability was better.Keywords: reading learning, phonic methods, image media, mentally retarded children.

An electrical analyzer for carbon dioxide in respiratory gases

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Leon Bernstein ◽  
Chiyoshi Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Rebreathing Method ◽  
Mixed Venous

The analyzer described was de signed for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the bag of gas from which the subject rebreathes in the “rebreathing method” for estimating the tension of carbon dioxide in mixed venous blood. Its merits are that it is cheap, robust, simple to construct and to service, easy to operate, and accurate when used by untrained operators. (Medical students, unacquainted with the instrument, and working with written instructions only, obtained at their first attempt results accurate to within ±0.36% [sd] of carbon dioxide.) The instrument is suitable for use by nurse or physician at the bedside, and also for classes in experimental physiology. Some discussion is presented of the theoretical principles underlying the design of analyzers employing thermal conductivity cells. Submitted on July 13, 1961

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