scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimalarial Potential of Extracts from Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Francis O. Atanu ◽  
Favour M. Idih ◽  
Charles O. Nwonuma ◽  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Salman Alamery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Mean Survival Time

Extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya are used in herbal medicine for the treatment of malaria. This work investigated the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimalarial effects of hydromethanolic extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya. A four-day chemosuppressive test was conducted to assess the ability of the extracts to prevent establishment of infection. Three doses of the extracts were administered—100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw—prior to Plasmodium berghei challenge. Change in body weight, parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean survival time was determined. A three-day curative test was also carried out on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to determine the effects of the plant extracts (200 mg/kg bw) on parasitemia and biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. The study revealed that the extracts possessed phenolic compounds (34.13 ± 1.90 mg GAE/g for Alstonia boonei and 27.99 ± 1.46 mg GAE/g for Carica papaya) and flavonoids (19.47 ± 1.89 mg QE/g for Alstonia boonei and 18.24 ± 1.36 mg QE/g for Carica papaya). In vitro antioxidant activity measured as total antioxidant power, total reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that the extracts possessed higher antioxidant activity than the reference compounds. The outcome of the chemosuppressive test revealed that whereas Plasmodium berghei-infected mice had high parasitemia, decreased mean survival time, exhibited loss of weight, and had low PCV, treatment with the extracts reversed the effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, the curative test revealed that the extracts significantly suppressed parasitemia compared with the malaria negative control group. This was mirrored by reversal of indices of hepatic toxicity (AST, ALT, and ALP levels), nephropathy (urea and creatinine levels), oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and lipid peroxides), and dyslipidemia (TC, HDL, and TG levels and HMG-CoA reductase activity) in infected but treated mice compared with negative control. Put together, the results of this study demonstrate that the extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya possess antimalarial properties and are able to ameliorate metabolic dysregulations that characterize Plasmodium berghei infection. The phytoconstituents in these extracts are believed to be responsible for the pharmacological activity reported in this study.

scholarly journals Sequestration of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice treated with goat bile

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kartika Arum Wardani ◽  
Kholida Nur Aini ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Willy Sandhika
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Bile Concentration

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of  Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

scholarly journals In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Leaf Latex of Aloe melanacantha against Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gebrehiwot Kiros Gebremariam ◽  
Haile Kassahun Desta ◽  
Tekleab Teka Teklehaimanot ◽  
Tsgab Gebrecherkos Girmay
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Background. Malaria is a major health concern in the world in general and developing countries in particular. Nowadays, the control of malaria has ended up steadily more complex due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites. Medicinal plants are the verifiable source of compelling antimalarial drugs. The present study was aimed to assess the in vivo antimalarial activity of leaf latex of A. melanacantha against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Methods. Acute oral toxicity study of the leaf latex was assessed in mice up to a dose of 2,000 mg/kg. A four-day suppressive model was utilized to investigate the antimalarial activity of the plant. Three extract doses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, doses of the plant leaf latex, chloroquine, 10 mg/kg (positive control) and distilled water, and 10 mL/kg (negative control) were administered to mice. Percent parasitemia suppression, packed cell volume, mean survival time, body weight, and rectal body temperature were used to determine antimalarial activity. Results. Test groups treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the latex showed a significant parasitemia suppression in dose dependent manner compared to the negative control with an IC50 of 22.63 mg/ml. Mice treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg have shown parasitemia suppression of 14.86%, 29%, and 43.2%, respectively. The chemosuppression was significant ( P < 0.05 ) at all doses compared to the negative control. Similarly, mice treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg have shown a significant survival time compared to the negative control. At the same time, weight loss reduction was observed within the test groups treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of the latex while the test groups treated with 400 mg/kg had showed almost no weight loss reduction. The latex also reversed the PCV reduction significantly ( P < 0.05 ) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses and prevented rectal temperature dropping significantly ( P < 0.05 ) at all doses. Conclusion. The leaf latex of A. melanacantha has shown significant antimalarial activity against P. berghei in mice supporting the genuine traditional antimalarial usage of the plant.

scholarly journals Effect of Annickia polycarpa (Stten and Mass.) Annonaceae, leaf extract on chemo-suppression of hyperparasitemia, body weight, hematological indices and survivor time of Plasmodium berghei infested mice in the Peter’s test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Ayertey ◽  
Emmanuel Kofi Kumatia ◽  
Godfrey Kyaakyile Bagyour ◽  
Kenneth Opare Asare ◽  
Valantine Chi Mbatchou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: Malaria is an infectious disease that is spread through the bite of female anopheles mosquito resulting in the death of hundreds of thousands of people per year. Medicinal plants provide crude extracts and purified compounds for malaria treatment. Annickia polycarpa is one of such plants whose bark is used for this purpose. However, the antimalaria effect of its leaf is not known. We hereby report the investigation of antimalaria effect of A. polycarpa leaf. Methods: Antimalaria effect of the ethanol extract of A. polycarpa leaf (APLE) was investigated in P. berghei infested ICR mice in the Peter’s test. The effect of the extract on development and chemo-suppression of hyperparasitemia, reduction in body weight and mean survival time were evaluated. Full blood count analysis on the infected mice were performed to determine the effect of treatment with APLE on hematological indices such as red and white blood cells and platelets. Acute toxicity and phytochemical tests of the extract were also performed. Results: APLE administered orally at 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg produced profound dose-dependent chemo-suppressive effect of 89.37 – 95.50 % of P. berghei after 4 consecutive days of treatment which compares with 86.22 % obtained for Quinine 30 mg/kg i.m. under the same regimen. APLE also protected the mice against reduction in body weight associated with malaria which was P < 0.05 at 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, APLE promoted dose-dependent mean survival time in the Kaplan-Meier curve. Only 25.0 % of mice in the negative control group survived after 30 days compared to 100 % survival for mice in APLE 400 mg/kg and Quinine 30 mg/kg groups. The results from the full blood count shows that APLE caused (P < 0.05) dose dependent increase in RBC, HGB, HCT, WBCs, lymphocytes and platelets. The LD50 of APLE was above 5000 mg/kg p.o. Conclusions: APLE showed profound antimalaria effect with very high margin of safety. Hematological alterations that resulted from treatment of with APLE indicate significant improvement in general health and safe recovery from the parasitic attack. These findings show that the leaf of A. polycarpa can also be used to treat malaria.

Cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of the Ziziphus jujuba fruit on TBHP-induced damage on human fibroblast cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Arab ◽  
Mohsen Khorashadizadeh ◽  
Zahra Abotorabi ◽  
Asghar Zarban
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Human Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Human Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress plays a major role in the development of various human diseases. However, many antioxidant compounds can neutralize the excess of free radicals, protect the cells against their toxic effects and help prevent or treat a disease. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of the Ziziphus jujuba fruit on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced damage on human fibroblast cells.MethodsHuman fibroblast cells were pretreated with different concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL) of Z. jujuba for 24 h and exposed to 75 μM TBHP for another 24 h. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and the intracellular antioxidant activity was evaluated with the Cellular antioxidant activity assay.ResultsOur data showed that treatment with TBHP reduced cell viability of human fibroblast cells, while pretreatment with Z. jujuba increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. This indicated the cytoprotective effects of Z. jujuba. Pretreatment with Z. jujuba increased the antioxidant capacity and scavenged the TBHP-produced peroxyl radicals in the human fibroblast cell medium. Moreover, Z. jujuba increased the intracellular antioxidant activity of human fibroblast cells.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of the Z. jujuba fruit can prevent TBHP-induced cellular toxicity by enhancing the antioxidant activity in cells and their medium. So, Z. jujuba has a therapeutic potential to attenuate oxidative stress-induced diseases.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Stereospermum kunthianum on Carbon Tetrachloride - Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Suleiman Jada ◽  
Mohammed Aliyu Sulaiman ◽  
Muktar Abdulmalik
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group Group

Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the aqueous stem bark extract of Stereospermum kunthianum on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methodology: Analysis of qualitative phytochemical components and antioxidant activity were carried out. Experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups of five rats each. Group 1: served as the normal control group. Group 2: was administered with CCl4 only at a dose of 3 ml/kg b.wt by single intraperitoneal administration. Group 3: served as the standard control group.   Group 4: was administered with 200 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract + CCl4. Group 5: was administered with 400 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract + CCl4. Group 6: was administered with 600 mg/kg b.wt of the aqueous stem bark extract+ CCl4. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoid, phenols, saponins, and terpenoid while tannins and alkaloids were absent. The antioxidant activity showed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibits Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), giving high activity as the concentration of the extract increases. The elevated levels of ALT and AST coupled with Conjugated bilirubin, Total bilirubin, and total protein caused by CCl4 administration were all reduced significantly (P<0.05) by the extract in dose dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that stem bark extract of Stereospernmum kunthianum could be an alternative medication for liver injury.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of the Leaf Latex of Aloe weloensis (Aloaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekleab Teka ◽  
Tadesse Awgichew ◽  
Haile Kassahun
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Lead Compounds

Background. Emergence of drug resistance and lack of therapeutic efficacy of modern antimalarial drugs are the most triggering factors for the searching of new lead compounds with different mechanisms of action. Medicinal plants with documented traditional uses are a viable option for treatment of malaria. Traditionally, the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis has been used in the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the antimalarial activity of the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods. A four-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of the leaf latex of the plant against P. berghei in Swiss albino mice. Mice were randomly assigned in five groups of five animals in each and given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the leaf latex, chloroquine 25 mg/kg, and distilled water. The level of parasitemia, packed cell volume, survival time, temperature, and body weight was used to determine the antimalarial activity. Results. The acute toxicity study indicated that the leaf latex of A. weloensis caused neither mortality nor signs and symptoms of toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Furthermore, the 4-day suppressive test indicated that the latex of the plant exhibited a significant parasitemia reduction in a dose-dependent manner as compared to negative control. The leaf latex of the plant exhibited a percent inhibition of 13.05%, 41.87%, and 66.84% at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The chemosuppression of the antimalarial activity was statistically significant at 100 mg/kg (p<0.05), 200 mg/kg (p<0.01), and 400 mg/kg (p<0.01) as compared to negative control. All doses of the leaf latex prevented weight loss and reduction in temperature and packed cell volume and increased the survival time of infected mice. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated that the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis possessed antiplasmodial activity confirming the genuine traditional use of the plant as an antimalarial agent.

Evaluation of diuretic and antioxidant properties in aqueous bark and fruit extracts of pine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Shariati ◽  
Mohammad Hassanpour ◽  
Gholamreza Sharifzadeh ◽  
Asghar Zarban ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the diuretic and antioxidant properties of pine herb in an animal model. Materials and Methods: 45 adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups including: groups I (the negative control), groups II (positive control, furosemide 10 mg/kg), groups III to VIII (treatment groups received 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of bark and fruit) and group IX received the combination of aqueous extract of bark (100 mg/kg) and the fruit (100 mg/kg). The urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated . Furthermore, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both extracts were also assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Results: The aqueous extracts of the pine bark and fruit increased the urinary output in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of the two extracts compared to the other extracts alone significantly increased the serum potassium level. This study also showed each extract increase creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The increase of GFR in the combination group was not significant. The current data showed a significant increase in the total phenolic content in pine bark extract in compared with the fruit extract. Conclusion: The pine bark and fruit can be useful in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones due to the high antioxidant activity.

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

scholarly journals NF-κB and FosB mediate inflammation and oxidative stress in the blast lung injury of rats exposed to shock waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Jinren Liu ◽  
Junhong Gao ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Blast Lung Injury ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Blast lung injury (BLI) is the major cause of death in explosion-derived shock waves; however, the mechanisms of BLI are not well understood. To identify the time-dependent manner of BLI, a model of lung injury of rats induced by shock waves was established by a fuel air explosive. The model was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and pathological score. The inflammation and oxidative stress of lung injury were also investigated. The pathological scores of rats’ lung injury at 2 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days post-blast were 9.75±2.96, 13.00±1.85, 8.50±1.51, and 4.00±1.41, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (1.13±0.64; P&lt;0.05). The respiratory frequency and pause were increased significantly, while minute expiratory volume, inspiratory time, and inspiratory peak flow rate were decreased in a time-dependent manner at 2 and 24 h post-blast compared with those in the control group. In addition, the expressions of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, FosB, and NF-κB were increased significantly at 2 h and peaked at 24 h, which gradually decreased after 3 days and returned to normal in 2 weeks. The levels of total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased 24 h after the shock wave blast. Conversely, the malondialdehyde level reached the peak at 24 h. These results indicated that inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by shock waves changed significantly in a time-dependent manner, which may be the important factors and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of BLI.

In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nyirenda ◽  
Gershom B. Lwanga ◽  
Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽  
David K. Chuba ◽  
Gibson M. Sijumbila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

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