scholarly journals The Commitment of Nineveh Governorate Residents to the Precautionary Measures against Global 2019 Pandemic and Dermatological Affection of Precautions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Baraa A. Al-Rahawe ◽  
Abdulsattar Abdullah Hamad ◽  
Mohanad H. Al-Zuhairy ◽  
Hameed Hasan Khalaf ◽  
Solomon Abebaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures

The world has changed dramatically since the novel pandemic pours in all aspects of life, including economic, health, and social life. The first case was initially observed in the Wuhan province of China; fast spread occurs around the world. Until now, there is no proven effective treatment for it. The study’s objectives are to assess residents of Nineveh governorate’s commitment to the COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures recommended by the WHO and Iraqi national authorities; the protective measures are used to prevent its spread and restrict the viral infectivity. Several cutaneous changes were observed in some persons as a result of prolonged contact with personal protective equipment and excessive use of personal hygiene measures.

Resurrection

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Resurrection (1899) is the last of Tolstoy's major novels. It tells the story of a nobleman's attempt to redeem the suffering his youthful philandering inflicted on a peasant girl who ends up a prisoner in Siberia. Tolstoy's vision of redemption achieved through loving forgiveness, and his condemnation of violence, dominate the novel. An intimate, psychological tale of guilt, anger, and forgiveness, Resurrection is at the same time a panoramic description of social life in Russia at the end of the nineteenth century, reflecting its author's outrage at the social injustices of the world in which he lived. This edition, which updates a classic translation, has explanatory notes and a substantial introduction based on the most recent scholarship in the field.

scholarly journals Tackling the Pandemic COVID-19: The Bangladesh Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Taimur Islam ◽  
Anup Kumar Talukder ◽  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

An outbreak of a pandemic COVID-19 disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has posed a serious threat to human health and the economy of the whole world. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, which has also come under the attack of this viral disease. This perspective report aimed to describe the responses of Bangladesh to tackle the COVID-19, particularly on how Bangladesh is dealing with this novel viral disease with limited resources. The first case of a COVID-19 patient was detected in Bangladesh on March 8, 2020. Since then, a total of 2,144 peoples are officially reported as COVID-19 infected with 84 deaths. To combat the COVID-19, the government has taken various steps to tackle the epidemic outbreak of it such as diagnosis of the suspected cases, quarantine of doubted people and isolation of infected patients, local or regional lockdown, grant general leave from all offices for staying home of people, increase public awareness and enforce social distancing and so on. In addition, to address the socio-economic situations, the government announced several financial stimulus packages of about USD 11.17 billion. However, very limited diagnostic facilities, health workers, resources such as hospital beds, personal protective equipment, intensive care unit, and ventilators in the hospitals along with limited public unawareness are the major challenges for Bangladesh to tackle the situation effectively. This report described the responses of Bangladesh to tackle the COVID-19 and discusses prevailing challenges to mitigate this highly contagious disease with limited resources.

scholarly journals Comprehensive literature review on COVID-19 vaccines and role of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 251513552110597
Author(s):  
Charles Yap ◽  
Abulhassan Ali ◽  
Amogh Prabhakar ◽  
Akul Prabhakar ◽  
Aman Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Dosing Strategies

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid expansion in vaccine research focusing on exploiting the novel discoveries on the pathophysiology, genomics, and molecular biology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although the current preventive measures are primarily socially distancing by maintaining a 1 m distance, it is supplemented using facial masks and other personal hygiene measures. However, the induction of vaccines as primary prevention is crucial to eradicating the disease to attempt restoration to normalcy. This literature review aims to describe the physiology of the vaccines and how the spike protein is used as a target to elicit an antibody-dependent immune response in humans. Furthermore, the overview, dosing strategies, efficacy, and side effects will be discussed for the notable vaccines: BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Gamaleya, and SinoVac. In addition, the development of other prominent COVID-19 vaccines will be highlighted alongside the sustainability of the vaccine-mediated immune response and current contraindications. As the research is rapidly expanding, we have looked at the association between pregnancy and COVID-19 vaccinations, in addition to the current reviews on the mixing of vaccines. Finally, the prominent emerging variants of concern are described, and the efficacy of the notable vaccines toward these variants has been summarized.

scholarly journals How Kerala and Rajasthan Mitigated COVID-19: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yash Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
State Governments ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Low Rate

All the countries of the world have been taking all the possible precautionary measures to combat COVID-19. In India, although there are many states which were affected by this flareup, the authors had taken only two states, i.e., Kerala and Rajasthan. Both the states did their best to combat this pandemic. Kerala was the first state to witness the first case in India on 30th January 2020 whereas in Rajasthan, the first case was tested on 2nd March 2020. After announcing this flareup as a pandemic by WHO, all the states did their best to break the chain of transmission, till date the recovery rate of India is 63.30%, Kerala is 47%, and Rajasthan is 73%. The high rate of recovery and low rate of case fatality show the benefits of early lockdown and the precautionary measures taken by Government of India and State governments (Kerala and Rajasthan). This paper implies the comparative study of all the precautionary measures and situation of COVID-19 in the two states.

scholarly journals Do they really wash their hands? Prevalence estimates for personal hygiene behaviour during the coronavirus crisis based on indirect questions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mieth ◽  
Maike Mayer ◽  
Adrian Hoffmann ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Raoul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Abstract Background: During the so-called coronavirus crisis, billions of people have to change their behaviours to slow down the pandemic. Protective measures include self-isolation, social (physical) distancing and compliance with personal hygiene rules, particularly regular and thorough hand washing. To adjust public information campaigns to the level of people’s commitment and to evaluate the effectiveness of these campaigns, valid information about the degree to which people comply with protective measures is desirable.Methods: However, during a health crisis there is strong public pressure to comply with health and safety regulations so that people’s responding in direct questionings may be seriously compromised by social desirability. Here we use an indirect questioning technique to test whether the prevalence of hygiene practices may be lower when confidentiality of responding is guaranteed.Results: In the direct questioning group 94.5 % of the participants claimed to practice proper hand hygiene; in the indirect questioning group a significantly lower estimate of only 78.1 % was observed.Conclusions: These results indicate that estimates of the degree of commitment to measures designed to counter the spread of the disease may be significantly inflated by social desirability in direct questionings. Indirect questioning techniques with higher levels of confidentiality seem helpful in obtaining more realistic estimates of the degree to which people follow the recommended personal hygiene measures.

scholarly journals The Novel coronavirus outbreak: A challenge beyond borders

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus H5n1 ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus H5n1 ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronaviruses infect mammals and birds worldwide, and some of these viruses infect humans to cause mild to moderate lower-respiratory tract illnesses and rarely a severe illness. Like other viruses, coronaviruses evolved (change their genetic material and protein structure) and spread from animals to humans. The world has witnessed coronavirus evolving into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. Other recent examples include Dengue, Ebola, Chikungunya, Influenza and Zika virus outbreaks. It may or may not be relevant to note that first cases of both SARS-CoV in 2003 avian influenza virus (H5N1) in 1997 were isolated and identified at the same hospital in Hong Kong where the first case of the current outbreak of the Wuhan coronavirus has been identified. The new virus has been named as the Novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV).

Influenza and Embodied Sociality in Early Twentieth-Century American Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-534
Author(s):  
Rachel Conrad Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Community Belonging

Abstract This article reads two early twentieth-century American novels, William Maxwell’s They Came Like Swallows (1937) and Katherine Anne Porter’s Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939), in relation to the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918–19 and the history of public health. Beyond serving as a literary record of “America’s forgotten pandemic,” it interprets these novels as experiments in what I term “embodied sociality”: a biocultural model of social life encompassing both the abstract, symbolic dimensions of community belonging and the concrete, biological contours of collective living made visible through the spread of infectious disease. I argue that Swallows and Pale Horse challenge the logic of “modern health citizenship,” which prioritized personal hygiene measures to prevent the spread of influenza through a community, that was promoted in turn-of-the-century public health efforts. Instead, these novels destabilize perceptions of the body as a discrete and potentially impermeable entity, revealing how to belong to a community is to be susceptible to the unseen agents of disease that move between bodies in close proximity, as well as to be, albeit unwittingly, a potential carrier of disease. Attending to embodied sociality as made visible by the flu, these novels necessitate a new way of writing pandemic—one that blends the narrative conventions of plague writing and autopathography. In so doing, I contend, Pale Horse and Swallows invite us to reimagine embodiment and community belonging by holding the local and global, personal and political, individual and collective dimensions of pandemic together. When we recognize pandemic as simultaneously individual and communal, the boundaries that differentiate proximal bodies from one another and from a collective social body blur. And this knowledge, in turn, transforms the way we write pandemic.

scholarly journals Persuasive power concerning COVID-19 employed by Premier Imran Khan: A socio-political discourse analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-230
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Zammad Aslam ◽  
Talha Aslam ◽  
Rehana Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures

The researchers investigate Pakistani Premier Imran Khan’s (IK) addresses to the nation concerning awareness about the causes, effects, precautions, and solutions of the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19). Till the date, experts are not sure whether the vaccine will get developed or would we have to live with this as we did with HIV or Dengue. Consequently, leaders would need to address their nations, focusing specifically on precautions. The present research employs Aristotle’s persuasive and rhetorical devices, integrating them with Socio-Political Discourse Analysis (SPDA), to understand the social and political convincing style employed by the premiere. The researchers analyzed the data employing a qualitative approach. There are reliable findings to suggest that IK has used stable linguistic features to persuade the minds of the people, convincing them to follow the precautionary measures as ‘the only cure.’ The defending arguments about semi-lockdown or smart-lockdown were well-defined persuading the individuals; for instance, he suggested the smart-lockdown during his first address and faced criticism from the opposition. Later, the opposition and the world appreciated the policy of IK, the Premier of Pakistan, even being a developing country in the sight of the world. After one month of the first patient of the corona case reported in China, the policy of smart-lockdown was followed by most of the states fighting against COVID-19. Moreover, The Premier successfully persuaded the international financial organizations – IMF, World Bank, Development Banks, convincing them to waive off the pending payments of developing countries for the upcoming year.Keywords: COVID19, Persuasion, Socio-Political Discourse Analysis, Speeches, Linguistic Features

scholarly journals Common sage (Salvia officinalis) antiviral role: potentiality of a Unani hand sanitizer in COVID-19 (corona virus) second wave control

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
MA Momith Azad ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Md Shahidul Islam ◽  
Ahmed Iqbal Gouhar
Keyword(s):  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Chemical Mixing

The world has been fighting against a pandemic for more than a year, caused by a highly infectious disease named COVID-19 rooted by the novel coronavirus 2019. It has already been spread out in most of the countries and a few of which are experiencing second wave. The Novel coronavirus-2019 (SARS CoV-2) incurred more than 1.6 million deaths and 76 million cases in the world population (till 20 December 2020). Although some vaccines are being launched, however, their effectivity and availability are still unknown. Maintaining personal hygiene and social distance are the best way of protection. Hand washing is the utmost recommendation for the maintenance of personal hygiene since hands can be contaminated by the droplets easily. Particularly, in pandemic situations, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. The hand sanitization solely depends on the use of effective hand disinfecting agents. Natural formula-based disinfectants can be preferable to chemicals because of higher efficacy and lower adverse effects. Unani medicine is the system based on natural formulations. „Raihan‟ (common sage, Salvia officinalis) is frequently used in Unani medicine for its higher disinfectant role. Common sage extract with ethanol may provide superior efficacy against COVID-19. In this article, we presented information on common sage and its potentiality using with ethanol as a natural, skin-friendly hand sanitizer to prevent harmful action of chemical mixing synthetic sanitizer. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 611-617

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Prevention and Disinfection

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Nabih Mohammad Lawand ◽  
Samaa Al Tabbah
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Routine Application ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Successful Prevention

The successful prevention of spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection depends on the routine application of preventive measures taken to prevent this spread. Strategies for preventing transmission of the disease include practices such as social/physical distancing, self-quarantine and isolation when appropriate, maintaining overall good personal hygiene practices like of handwashing and protecting others from coughs and sneezes by wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Moreover, Transmission of coronavirus occurs through contaminated surfaces where it may remain viable for hours to days. It is recommended to clean visibly dirty surfaces followed by disinfection through applying surface-appropriate disinfectants. In this review, we summarized the recommendations on the prevention, cleaning, and disinfection of the novel beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in order to help lower the chances of contracting Covid-19 and spreading it to someone else. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease; COVID-19, Disinfection

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