scholarly journals Combinatorial Spectrum E-Auction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks: A Zether-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zijun Zhao ◽  
Zuobin Ying ◽  
Zhiming Cai ◽  
Jianfeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Homomorphic Encryption ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Privacy Leakage ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Garbled Circuits ◽  
Art Works ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Better Than

5G heterogeneous network (HetNet) is a novel network topology that integrates various kinds of wireless access technologies such as 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Wi-Fi, and so on. Despite greatly improving spectrum efficiency, it poses enormous challenges to spectrum e-auction. Firstly, due to high mobility, bidders may be interested in different spectrums in terms of time or geolocation. Secondly, one’s bidding value should be protected against rival bidders or adversaries to avoid vicious competition as well as privacy leakage. Thirdly, the ubiquitous HetNet requires a trustworthy distributed auction framework rather than a centralized auctioneer-based pattern. Aiming at overcoming these obstacles above, we proposed a blockchain-based combinatorial spectrum e-auction framework. Different from other blockchain-based solutions of using SGX to realize trust processing in the auction phase, we adopt Zether, a privacy-preserving smart contract, as the main building block. Besides, the bidding value is preserved from the beginning to the end, even though the time-consuming Paillier homomorphic encryption and garbled circuits are absent. We provide the auction security by leveraging Σ -Bullets, a zero-knowledge proof mechanism. Theoretical analysis and extensive evaluation also indicate that our approach is better than the state-of-the-art works in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

Establishing Electronic Patient Record Standards Using Paper-Based Record Functions and Standards

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Carine ◽  
Anita Walker
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Electronic Patient Record ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Patient Record ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness

The South Australian Health Commission has embarked on a long term project to establish an Electronic Patient Record (EPR) for South Australia. The process requires extensive evaluation at the conclusion of each phase of development using a range of existing and purpose-developed evaluation tools. This paper describes a purpose-developed evaluation tool that uses the functional aspects of, and existing standards for, paper-based medical records in hospitals as its basis. The resulting EPR Standards are a tool which can be used to establish a benchmark against which to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an electronic patient record.

scholarly journals Locking down the Impact of New Zealand’s COVID-19 Alert Level Changes on Pets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Fiona Esam ◽  
Rachel Forrest ◽  
Natalie Waran
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on human-pet interactions within New Zealand, particularly during lockdown, was investigated via two national surveys. In Survey 1, pet owners (n = 686) responded during the final week of the five-week Alert Level 4 lockdown (highest level of restrictions—April 2020), and survey 2 involved 498 respondents during July 2020 whilst at Alert Level 1 (lowest level of restrictions). During the lockdown, 54.7% of owners felt that their pets’ wellbeing was better than usual, while only 7.4% felt that it was worse. Most respondents (84.0%) could list at least one benefit of lockdown for their pets, and they noted pets were engaged with more play (61.7%) and exercise (49.7%) than pre-lockdown. Many respondents (40.3%) expressed that they were concerned about their pet’s wellbeing after lockdown, with pets missing company/attention and separation anxiety being major themes. In Survey 2, 27.9% of respondents reported that they continued to engage in increased rates of play with their pets after lockdown, however, the higher levels of pet exercise were not maintained. Just over one-third (35.9%) of owners took steps to prepare their pets to transition out of lockdown. The results indicate that pets may have enjoyed improved welfare during lockdown due to the possibility of increased human-pet interaction. The steps taken by owners to prepare animals for a return to normal life may enhance pet wellbeing long-term if maintained.

scholarly journals Extensive Evaluation of a Continental-Scale High-Resolution Hydrological Model Using Remote Sensing and Ground-Based Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhu ◽  
Xianhong Xie ◽  
Chuiyu Lu ◽  
Tianjie Lei ◽  
Yibing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Large Domain ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Fine Resolution

Extreme hydrologic events are getting more frequent under a changing climate, and a reliable hydrological modeling framework is important to understand their mechanism. However, existing hydrological modeling frameworks are mostly constrained to a relatively coarse resolution, unrealistic input information, and insufficient evaluations, especially for the large domain, and they are, therefore, unable to address and reconstruct many of the water-related issues (e.g., flooding and drought). In this study, a 0.0625-degree (~6 km) resolution variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model developed for China from 1970 to 2016 was extensively evaluated against remote sensing and ground-based observations. A unique feature in this modeling framework is the incorporation of new remotely sensed vegetation and soil parameter dataset. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first application of VIC with such a long-term and fine resolution over a large domain, and more importantly, with a holistic system-evaluation leveraging the best available earth data. The evaluations using in-situ observations of streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture (SM) indicate a great improvement. The simulations are also consistent with satellite remote sensing products of ET and SM, because the mean differences between the VIC ET and the remote sensing ET range from −2 to 2 mm/day, and the differences for SM of the top thin layer range from −2 to 3 mm. Therefore, this continental-scale hydrological modeling framework is reliable and accurate, which can be used for various applications including extreme hydrological event detections.

scholarly journals A Novel LSTM Model with Interaction Dual Attention for Radar Echo Extrapolation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Chuyao Luo ◽  
Xutao Li ◽  
Yongliang Wen ◽  
Yunming Ye ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Radar Echo ◽  
Hidden States ◽  
Better Than

The task of precipitation nowcasting is significant in the operational weather forecast. The radar echo map extrapolation plays a vital role in this task. Recently, deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (ConvRNN) models have been designed to solve the task. These models, albeit performing much better than conventional optical flow based approaches, suffer from a common problem of underestimating the high echo value parts. The drawback is fatal to precipitation nowcasting, as the parts often lead to heavy rains that may cause natural disasters. In this paper, we propose a novel interaction dual attention long short-term memory (IDA-LSTM) model to address the drawback. In the method, an interaction framework is developed for the ConvRNN unit to fully exploit the short-term context information by constructing a serial of coupled convolutions on the input and hidden states. Moreover, a dual attention mechanism on channels and positions is developed to recall the forgotten information in the long term. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted on CIKM AnalytiCup 2017 data sets, and the results show the effectiveness of the IDA-LSTM in addressing the underestimation drawback. The extrapolation performance of IDA-LSTM is superior to that of the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals ESA’s X-Ray Astronomy Mission, XMM

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
B.G. Taylor ◽  
A. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Resolving Power ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Eccentric Orbit ◽  
Ccd Cameras ◽  
Optical Telescope ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Reflection Gratings ◽  
Better Than

AbstractESA’s X-ray Astronomy Mission, XMM, scheduled for launch in 1998, is the second of four cornerstones of ESA’s long term science program Horizon 2000. Covering the range from about 0.1 to 10 keV, it will provide a high throughput of 5000 cm2 at 7 keV with three independant telescopes, and have a spatial resolution better than 30 arcsec. Broadband spectrophotometry is provided by CCD cameras while reflection gratings provide medium resolution spectroscopy (resolving power of about 400) in the range 0.3–3 keV. Long uninterrupted observations will be made from the 24 hr period, highly eccentric orbit, reaching a sensitivity approaching 10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 in one orbit. A 30 cm UV/optical telescope is bore-sighted with the x-ray telescopes to provide simultaneous optical counterparts to the numerous serendipitous X-ray sources which will be detected during every observation.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairments induced by necrotizing enterocolitis can be prevented by inhibiting microglial activation in mouse brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (471) ◽  
pp. eaan0237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Niño ◽  
Qinjie Zhou ◽  
Yukihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Laura Y. Martin ◽  
Sanxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
The Brain

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease of the premature infant. One of the most important long-term complications observed in children who survive NEC early in life is the development of profound neurological impairments. However, the pathways leading to NEC-associated neurological impairments remain unknown, thus limiting the development of prevention strategies. We have recently shown that NEC development is dependent on the expression of the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the intestinal epithelium, whose activation by bacteria in the newborn gut leads to mucosal inflammation. Here, we hypothesized that damage-induced production of TLR4 endogenous ligands in the intestine might lead to activation of microglial cells in the brain and promote cognitive impairments. We identified a gut-brain signaling axis in an NEC mouse model in which activation of intestinal TLR4 signaling led to release of high-mobility group box 1 in the intestine that, in turn, promoted microglial activation in the brain and neurological dysfunction. We further demonstrated that an orally administered dendrimer-based nanotherapeutic approach to targeting activated microglia could prevent NEC-associated neurological dysfunction in neonatal mice. These findings shed light on the molecular pathways leading to the development of NEC-associated brain injury, provide a rationale for early removal of diseased intestine in NEC, and indicate the potential of targeted therapies that protect the developing brain in the treatment of NEC in early childhood.

The Effects of Reduced Salinity on the Shell Growth of Small Mytilus Edulis

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Almada-Villela
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Better Than

The shell growth of small coastal Mytilus edulis L. was measured at three different constant low salinities over short periods of time. Growth was significantly depressed in 6·4 and 16‰ S but not in 22·4‰ S. Fluctuating salinities between 0 and 32‰ S depressed growth whether the fluctuations were of sinusoidal or abrupt form. After 1 week of preconditioning to constant 32‰ S the growth of coastal (Bangor) mussels was better than estuarine (Conwy) mussels. However, after two weeks’ preconditioning to 32‰ S the estuarine mussels displayed the best growth. In the fluctuating regime, both coastal and estuarine mussels exhibited poor growth rates. The long-term response of the shell growth of coastal M. edulis was followed over a period of 44 days. Salinities in the range 1·8–9·6‰ S were lethal to the mussels within 10 days. In 12·8 and 16‰ S growth was initially delayed but recovered eventually. There was a gradual decline in the growth rate of the mussels exposed to the higher salinities (19·2–32‰) and an improvement in the growth of the mussels living in lower salinities (12·8 and 16‰) to levels nearly matching that of the high salinity animals by day 37. This suggests that acclimation of the shell growth of M. edulis to salinities in the 12·8–28·8‰ S range was achieved by the mussels during the experimental period.

Esthetic Restorative Options for Pulpotomized Primary Molars: A Review of Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Guelmann ◽  
Joseph Shapira ◽  
Daniela Silva ◽  
Anna Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Better Than

Objective: The goal of this manuscript was to review the existing literature in regards to esthetic options to restore pulpotomized primary molars. Study design: A pubmed literature search has been performed and all relevant studies were assessed. Results: Two laboratory, 3 restrospective and 4 prospective clinical studies were found, reviewed and analyzed. Conclusions: Based on the limited information available, we concluded that tooth colored and bonded restorations showed promising results as alternative materials to replace stainless steel crowns after pulpotomies in primary molars. Hybrid composites tend to perform better than compomers. Resin modified glass ionomer cements demonstrated excellent marginal seal and retention. More long-term follow up studies are necessary until more definitive recommendations can be made.

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