scholarly journals Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Metabolic Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Euphorbia cyparissias Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mona Alonazi ◽  
Habib Horchani ◽  
Mona Alwhibi ◽  
Abir Ben Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Euphorbia Cyparissias

Plants of the Euphorbia genus present a wide range of therapeutic applications. This study is aimed at investigating new antidigestive enzyme agents from Euphorbia cyparissias through inhibition of lipid and carbohydrate absorption, to evaluate their potential applications for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Lipase, phospholipase, protease, α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase activities under treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia cyparissias were observed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of these extracts, as well as their antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Results showed that ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited important inhibitory activity in a concentration-related manner on digestive enzymes, which is more effective than the commercial drugs used as controls. Results also showed that, out of the two extracts tested, the ethanolic extract presented the most promising results in inhibiting the activities of all digestive enzymes used. Moreover, the two extracts displayed a higher reducing power than that of the positive control used. The obtained results, together with previous reports in the literature, strongly suggest that Euphorbia cyparissias extracts may be natural inhibitors of the digestive enzymes and thus a potential new drug for metabolic syndrome treatment.

Perching and resting—A paradigm for UAV maneuvering with modularized landing gears

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. eaau6637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Hang ◽  
Ximin Lyu ◽  
Haoran Song ◽  
Johannes A. Stork ◽  
Aaron M. Dollar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Time Of Operation

Perching helps small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) extend their time of operation by saving battery power. However, most strategies for UAV perching require complex maneuvering and rely on specific structures, such as rough walls for attaching or tree branches for grasping. Many strategies to perching neglect the UAV’s mission such that saving battery power interrupts the mission. We suggest enabling UAVs with the capability of making and stabilizing contacts with the environment, which will allow the UAV to consume less energy while retaining its altitude, in addition to the perching capability that has been proposed before. This new capability is termed “resting.” For this, we propose a modularized and actuated landing gear framework that allows stabilizing the UAV on a wide range of different structures by perching and resting. Modularization allows our framework to adapt to specific structures for resting through rapid prototyping with additive manufacturing. Actuation allows switching between different modes of perching and resting during flight and additionally enables perching by grasping. Our results show that this framework can be used to perform UAV perching and resting on a set of common structures, such as street lights and edges or corners of buildings. We show that the design is effective in reducing power consumption, promotes increased pose stability, and preserves large vision ranges while perching or resting at heights. In addition, we discuss the potential applications facilitated by our design, as well as the potential issues to be addressed for deployment in practice.

scholarly journals In vitro antimalarial activity assay of Ashitaba Leaf ethanolic extract (Angelica keiskei)

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Alvi Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Abdul Rahman Wahid ◽  
Miftahul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Angelica Keiskei ◽  
Very High

Introduction: The incidence of malaria is still very high in number in the world. Difficulty in treating malaria is caused by the resistance of malaria parasites to conventional drugs. An alternative treatment that can be used to treat malaria is to discover new drugs from natural ingredients. Aim: This study aimed to determine the activity of the Ashitaba leaf ethanolic extract as an antimalarial drug to Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Methods: This study tested the activity of Ashitaba extract on the growth of P.falciparum in five concentrations, namely concentration of 0.01 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm. Results: The test results showed that the highest inhibitory effect was found on the concentration of 100 ppm with percent inhibition of 79.47 ± 26.91%. The 50% inhibition to parasites showed the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.09 ppm, compared to the positive control of which the IC50 of chloroquine was 0.007 ppm. Conclusion: Ashitaba leaf extract can be considered to have very active anti-malarial activity, because it has an IC50 value of less than 5 ppm.

scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayangsari P. Rahayu ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Test

Abstract: Mouthwash could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the oral cavity. Albeit, the most widely used today is mouthwash containing clorhexidine that has side effects in prolonged use. Therefore, it is necessary to find new agents as an alternative antibacterial, especially against Staphylococcus aureus. Squid ink is one of the best known seafood used as alternative medicine which has a wide range of therapeutic applications. This study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of squid ink extract (Loligo sp) on the growth of S. aureus. This was a true experimental study with a post test only control group design. We used modified Kirby-Bauer method using filter papers. Ciprofloxacin antibacterial was used as the positive control and aquadest as the negative control. Extract of squid ink (Loligo sp) and stock of pure bacteria S. aureus bacteria were prepared. The results showed that mean of zone of inhibition of the squid ink extract (Loligo sp) was 11.22 mm which was less than the zone of inhibition of ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, the squid ink extract (Loligo sp) had a moderate inhibitory effect (Himedia category) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords: extract of squid ink (Loligo sp), Staphylococcus aureus, inhibitory effectAbstrak: Salah satu cara penanganan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dalam rongga mulut ialah dengan menggunakan obat kumur. Yang banyak digunaakan saat ini yaitu obat kumur yang mengandung clorhexidine dengan efek samping bila digunakan secara berkepanjangan. Oleh karena itudiperlukan penelitian terhadap agen baru sebagai alternatif antibakteri khususnya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Tinta cumi-cumi merupakan salah satu hasil laut yang dikenal dalam dunia pengobatan alternatif serta memiliki jangkauan yang luas pada aplikasi terapeutik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) terhadap pertumuhan bakteri S. aureus. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode modifikasi Kirby-Bauer dengan menggunakan kertas saring. Kontrol positif menggunakan antibakteri siprofloksasin dan kontrol negatif menggunakan akuades. Pada penelitian ini digunakan ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) dan stok bakteri murni S. aureus. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa diameter rerata zona hambat dari ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus sebesar 11,22 mm namun diameter tersebut lebih kecil daripada diameter zona hambat siprofloksasin. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) memiliki daya hambat kategori sedang (Himedia) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus.Kata kunci: tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp), bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, daya hambat

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of Quercus robur (Ethanolic extract) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Salmonella (In vitro)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hams H. H. Alfattli ◽  
Ghufran Zuhair Jiber ◽  
Ghaidaa Gatea Abbass
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zones

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.

Curcumin-based antioxidant and glycohydrolase inhibitor compounds: Synthesis and in vitro appraisal of the dual activity against diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Esmaeili ◽  
Nazanin Ghobadi ◽  
Donya Nazari ◽  
Alireza Pourhossein ◽  
Hassan Rasouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Background: Curcumin, as the substantial constituent of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), plays a significant role in the prevention of various diseases, including diabetes. It possesses ideal structure features as enzyme inhibitor, including a flexible backbone, hydrophobic nature, and several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors and acceptors. Objective: The present study aimed at synthesizing several novel curcumin derivatives and further evaluation of these compounds for possible antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties along with inhibitory effect against two carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as these enzymes are therapeutic targets for attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia. Methods: Therefore, curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and identified using an instrumental technique like NMR spectroscopy and then screened for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH• ) radical scavenging activity were done to appraisal the antioxidant potential of these compounds in vitro. Results: Compounds L6-L9 showed higher antioxidant activity while L4, L9, L12 and especially L8 exhibited the best selectivity index (lowest α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibition ratio). Conclusion: These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.

scholarly journals Lipolytic Postbiotic from Lactobacillus paracasei Manages Metabolic Syndrome in Albino Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Ali Osman ◽  
Nashwa El-Gazzar ◽  
Taghreed N. Almanaa ◽  
Abdalla El-Hadary ◽  
Mahmoud Sitohy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol

The current study investigates the capacity of a lipolytic Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic as a possible regulator for lipid metabolism by targeting metabolic syndrome as a possibly safer anti-obesity and Anti-dyslipidemia agent replacing atorvastatin (ATOR) and other drugs with proven or suspected health hazards. The high DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] scavenging activity and high activities of antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) of the Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic (cell-free extract), coupled with considerable lipolytic activity, may support its action against metabolic syndrome. Lactobacillus paracasei isolate was obtained from an Egyptian cheese sample, identified and used for preparing the postbiotic. The postbiotic was characterized and administered to high-fat diet (HFD) albino rats (100 and 200 mg kg−1) for nine weeks, as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR; 10 mg kg−1). The postbiotic could correct the disruption in lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in HFD rats more effectively than ATOR. The two levels of the postbiotic (100 and 200 mg kg−1) reduced total serum lipids by 29% and 34% and serum triglyceride by 32–45% of the positive control level, compared to only 25% and 35% in ATOR’s case, respectively. Both ATOR and the postbiotic (200 mg kg−1) equally decreased total serum cholesterol by about 40% and 39%, while equally raising HDL levels by 28% and 30% of the positive control. The postbiotic counteracted HFD-induced body weight increases more effectively than ATOR without affecting liver and kidney functions or liver histopathology, at the optimal dose of each. The postbiotic is a safer substitute for ATOR in treating metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Albizia chinensis bark extract ameliorates the genotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Nabil ◽  
Entesar E. Hassan ◽  
Neven S. Ghaly ◽  
Fawzia A. Aly ◽  
Farouk R. Melek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background The genus Albizia (Leguminoseae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of ailments. Recently, saponins from plant origin have attracted much attention. Saponins are recorded to have a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. This study was performed to evaluate the protective role of Albizia chinensis bark methanolic extract (MEAC) against the genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) using different mutagenic parameters. Results The results showed that MEAC induced an inhibitory effect against chromosomal aberrations of CP in mouse bone marrow and spermatocytes. Such effect was found to be significant (p < 0.01) with a dose of 100 mg/kg treated once for 24 h and also after repeated treatment at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 7 days. In sperm abnormalities, the protective effect of Albizia extract showed a dose-related relationship. Different doses of MEAC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) ameliorated sperm abnormalities induced by CP dose-dependently. The percentage of sperm abnormalities was decreased to 5.14 ± 0.72 in the group of animals treated with CP plus MEAC (100 mg/kg) indicating an inhibitory effect of about 50%. Conclusion MEAC at the doses examined was non-genotoxic compared to control (negative) and exhibited a protective role against CP genotoxicity.

scholarly journals GC-MS Based Identification of the Volatile Components of Six Astragalus Species from Uzbekistan and Their Biological Activity

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Haidy A. Gad ◽  
Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽  
Stefan Böhmdorfer ◽  
Thomas Rosenau ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Clear Differentiation

The compositions of volatile components in the aerial parts of six Astragalus species, namely A. campylotrichus (Aca), A. chiwensis (Ach), A. lehmannianus (Ale), A. macronyx (Ama), A. mucidus (Amu) and A. sieversianus (Asi), were investigated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ninety-seven metabolites were identified, accounting for 73.28, 87.03, 74.38, 87.93, 85.83, and 91.39% of Aca, Ach, Ale, Ama, Amu and Asi whole oils, respectively. Sylvestrene was the most predominant component in Asi, Amu and Ama, with highest concentration in Asi (64.64%). In addition, (E)-2-hexenal was present in a high percentage in both Ale and Ach (9.97 and 10.1%, respectively). GC-MS based metabolites were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) to explore the correlations between the six species. The PCA score plot displayed clear differentiation of all Astragalus species and a high correlation between the Amu and Ama species. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using various assays, phosphomolybdenum (PM), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelation (FIC) assays. In addition, the potential for the volatile samples to inhibit both acetyl/butyrylcholinesterases (AChE, BChE), α- amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase was assessed. Most of the species showed considerable antioxidant potential in the performed assays. In the DPPH assay, Ama exhibited the maximum activity (24.12 ± 2.24 mg TE/g sample), and the volatiles from Amu exhibited the highest activity (91.54 mgTE/g oil) in the ABTS radical scavenging assay. The effect was more evident in both CUPRAC and FRAP assays, where both Ale and Ama showed the strongest activity in comparison with the other tested species (84.06, 80.28 mgTE/g oil for CUPRAC and 49.47, 49.02 mgTE/g oil for FRAP, respectively). Asi demonstrated the strongest AChE (4.55 mg GALAE/g oil) and BChE (3.61 mg GALAE/g oil) inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the best tyrosinase inhibitory potential was observed for Ale (138.42 mg KAE/g). Accordingly, Astragalus species can be utilized as promising natural sources for many medicinally important components that could be tested as drug candidates for treating illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress-related diseases.

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