scholarly journals Methyl Esterification Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for Determining the Contents of Lubricant to Evaluate the Compatibility of Chlorinated Butyl Rubber Stoppers with Liposome Injections

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xun Gao ◽  
Kexin Chen ◽  
Miaomiao Chi ◽  
Kunming Qin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methyl Stearate ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Methyl Esterification ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chlorinated Butyl Rubber

A simple, sensitive, and exact methyl esterification in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed to determine the contents of palmitic acid and stearic acid in the chlorinated butyl rubber stoppers and liposome injections in order to evaluate the compatibility of pharmaceutical packaging materials. In this experiment, palmitic acid and stearic acid were detected in the form of methyl hexadecanoate and methyl stearate in chlorinated butyl rubber stoppers and liposome injections. The results showed good linearities in the range of 0.50–10.00 µg·mL−1 for methyl hexadecanoate and 1.00–20.00 µg·mL−1 for methyl stearate, with the limits of detection (LOD) 11.94 ng·mL−1 and 11.90 ng·mL−1, respectively. The recoveries that ranged from 95.25% to 100.29% were satisfied, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was no more than 7.16%. The developed method was successfully applied to evaluate the compatibility of chlorinated butyl rubber stoppers with liposome injections and the safety assessment.

scholarly journals Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Identify the Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors from Flesh of Salacca zalacca Fruits and Their Molecular Docking Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. M. Saleh ◽  
Mohammad Jamshed Siddiqui ◽  
Nabil Ali Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh ◽  
Ahmed Mediani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Fruit of salak (Salaaca zalacca) is traditionally used and commercialized as an antidiabetic agent. However, scientific evidence to prove this folk claim is quite lacking. Therefore, this research was aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibition activity of S. zalacca fruit and identify the bioactive compounds. The fruits were extracted by different ratios of ethanol and water (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%, v/v) to get E0 (100% water), E20 (20% ethanol), E40 (40% ethanol), E60 (60% ethanol), E80 (80% ethanol), and E100 (100% ethanol) extracts. The extracts obtained were subjected to the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry- (GC-MS-) based metabolomics approach was used in profiling the bioactive metabolites present in the extracts. Orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) was used to correlate GC-MS data and α-glucosidase assay results to identify the possible chemical markers. All active compounds identified were subjected to molecular docking. The extracts from the S. zalacca fruit showed potent inhibition activity against α-glucosidase. The IC50 values from the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay ranged between 16 and 275 µg/ml. Overall, E60 displayed significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity, while E0 showed the lowest α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Major compounds detected in S. zalacca fruits were sugars, fatty acids, and sterols, including myo-inositol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and β-sitosterol. Moreover, the results obtained from molecular docking indicated that palmitic acid and β-sitosterol were close to the active side of the enzyme. Some of the residues that interacted include HID295, ASN259, LEU313, LYS125, PHE159, VAL216, PHE178, TYR72, TYR158, HIE315, ARG315, and PHE303. The bioassay result strongly suggests that E60 extract from S. zalacca fruits has potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The hydrophobic compounds, including palmitic acid and β-sitosterol, were found to induce the α-glucosidase inhibition activity.

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