scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes for Pre- and Post-attachment Resistance against Witchweed (Striga asiatica L. Kuntze)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
V. O. Gwatidzo ◽  
J. T. Rugare ◽  
S. Mabasa ◽  
R. Mandumbu ◽  
J. Chipomho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Striga Asiatica ◽  
Germination Stimulant ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) production in sub-Saharan Africa is seriously constrained by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses is witchweed (Striga spp.), a noxious parasitic weed causing major damage in cereal crops, such as sorghum. However, resistance through reduced germination stimulant production or altered germination stimulant composition provides a sustainable and most effective way for managing the parasitic weeds. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments were conducted using seven (7) sorghum genotypes to evaluate their resistance or tolerance the witch weed (Striga asiatica L. Kuntze). The first experiment was a laboratory agar gel assay arranged in a completely randomized design with six (6) replications to evaluate the effects of the seven (7) sorghum genotypes on the production of strigolactones by determining the percentage germination and the furthest germination distance of the Striga seeds. The second experiment was a seven (7) (sorghum genotypes)∗two (2) (Striga treatments) factorial glasshouse experiment conducted to evaluate the effects of Striga on sorghum growth, physiological and yield components of sorghum, Striga syndrome rating, and number of Striga per plant. The genotypes showed a significant (p<0.05) difference in germination percentage and furthest germination of Striga seeds in the agar gel assay. Genotypes SV4, Mahube, and ICSV 111 IN showed the least germination percentage and lowest germination distance, implying that these varieties either produced low strigolactones or altered their composition. In contrast, Kuyuma, Wahi, SV2, and Macia caused high Striga seed germinations and high furthest germination distances, suggesting that these sorghum genotypes were susceptible to Striga infection. The sorghum × Striga × time interactions were significant (p<0.05) on sorghum height. It was found that the heights of sorghum genotypes ICSV 111 IN and Mahube were not altered by Striga infection, but the heights of Kuyuma, Macia, SV2, SV4, and Wahi were reduced by Striga infection. The interaction of sorghum∗Striga effects was significant (p<0.05) on chlorophyll fluorescence. Striga infection did not alter the chlorophyll content of ICSV 111 IN and SV4. The sorghum∗Striga interaction effects were significant (p<0.05) on head index, leaf biomass, leaf index, root biomass, root index, plant biomass, and root : shoot ratio. Assessing Striga tolerance based on sorghum heights, chlorophyll content, and root : shoot ratio parameters, it could be concluded that the sorghum genotypes Mahube, ICSV 111 IN, and SV4 tolerated Striga infection, whereas Kuyuma and SV2 could be susceptible.

Effects of Ozone and Drought on Biomass Allocation of Four Seedlings in South China

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2478-2484
Author(s):  
Long Hua Ye ◽  
Hai Yong Bao ◽  
Zhi Yun Wang ◽  
Gan Wen Lie ◽  
Hong Yue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Mytilaria Laosensis ◽  
Stem Leaf

Seedlings ofMichelia macclurei,Cinnamomum camphora,RhodoleiachampioniiandMytilaria laosensiswere placed in open-top chambers (OTC) with three ozonic treatments including E20 (20 ppb), E40 (nature air, 40 ppb) and E160 (160 ppb) and two water treatments. Root biomass, stem biomass and leaf biomass total biomass and root/shoot ratio of four seedling types were evaluated. The results showed that there were no significant differences in impacts of ozone stress and drought stress on root, stem, leaf, and total biomass ofM. macclureiamong different treatments. The biomass ofM. laosensisdecreased with increasing ozone concentration, whereas biomass ofC. camphoraandR. championiichanged irregularly. Most of the biomass of four kind seedlings under ozone and drought intercross stresses was lower than those under ozone stress. The root/shoot ratios of four seedling species were all low. The ratios under high concentration ozone (160 ppb) were lower than the control treatment. And the ratios of different treatments under drought were lower than those were not under drought when they were under the same concentration of ozone.

scholarly journals Performance of physiological basis of rice hybrids under system of rice cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-361
Author(s):  
Pushpraj Singh ◽  
IM Khan ◽  
Smita Singh ◽  
RK Tiwari ◽  
UN Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Among the rice hybrids, PRH-10 recorded significantly highest chlorophyll content, dry matter, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, root length, root: shoot ratio and grain yield (9.95 t/ha) over the rest of hybrids followed by NPH-567. The lowest values of these parameters were noted in IR-36. The higher straw yield was recorded (144.8 t/ha) in NPH-567. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21614 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 359-361, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Ayçiçeğinin Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Kuraklık ve Sıcaklık Streslerinin Etkileri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Nurgül Ergin ◽  
Mehmet Demir Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time

This study was aimed to determine the responses of some sunflower hybrids to drought and low temperature stresses during germination and seedling development period. Sunflower hybrids of Sanbro MR, 63LE113, 64LL62 and Meteor were used in the study. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, root / shoot ratio, seedling fresh and dry weight of the sunflower hybrids were investigated at two temperatures (low 15°C and optimum 25°C) and drought stresses (distilled water, -1.5, -3.0, -4.5 and -6.0 bar) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences among the sunflower hybrids in terms of the investigated characteristics. Increased drought stresses led to decreasing germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight, but caused a prolonged germination time and increased seedling dry weight. No significant change was observed in the germination and seedling development of the sunflower up to drought of -3,0 bar. The root / shoot ratio of sunflower hybrids increased at 15°C. The Sanbro MR had the fastest and highest germination along with the highest seedling fresh and dry weight at low temperature and higher drought stresses. It was concluded that sunflower hybrid Sanbro MR gave better performance under drought and low temperature conditions than the other hybrids.

scholarly journals Influence of Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Agro-morphological Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munqez J.Y. Shtaya ◽  
Heba Al-Fares ◽  
Tawfiq Qubbaj ◽  
Hassan Abu-Qaoud ◽  
Faisal Shraim
Keyword(s):  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
National University ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Background: The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Palestine under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. Methods: To study the effect of NaCl on germination, fifty seeds in each treatment for each cultivar were germinated on a filter paper in petri dishes moistened with the different NaCl concentration levels (0.0, 50 and 100 mM ). To study the effect of NaCl on plant growth and productivity, 2 seeds per variety were grown in 10 liter pots filled with peat moss-sand. Pots were irrigated with the different NaCl levels. Result: The tested Chickpea cultivars showed different tolerance levels in response to NaCl stress levels. NaCl reduced final germination percentage (FGP) and germination index (GI). The highest plant height was obtained by Einalbeda (38.63 cm) in the control group, while the lowest one was found in Arij (28.25 cm) under 100 mM NaCl. NaCl did not affect root/shoot ratio in all genotypes. Reduction in fresh weight ranged between 25.6 and 74.2% under 50 and 100 mM NaCl.

Effects of Single-seed Sowing on Root Growth, Root-shoot Ratio, and Yield inPeanut (Arachis hypogacaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye FENG ◽  
Feng GUO ◽  
Bao-Long LI ◽  
Jing-Jing MENG ◽  
Xin-Guo LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seed Sowing

Root-shoot ratio in irrigated plants

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Penka
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Warming effects on biomass allocation are jointly regulated by precipitation and mycorrhizal association in terrestrial plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Lingyan Zhou ◽  
Yanghui He ◽  
Yuling Fu ◽  
Zhenggang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Abstract Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Recent studies suggest that climate warming can differentially affect root and shoot biomass, and subsequently alter root: shoot ratio. However, warming effects on root: shoot ratio and their underlying drivers at a global scale remain unclear. Using a global synthesis of >300 studies, we here show that warming significantly increases biomass allocation to roots (by 13.1%), and two factors drive this response: mean annual precipitation of the site, and the type of mycorrhizal fungi associated with a plant. Warming-induced allocation to roots is greater in relatively drier habitats compared to shoots (by 15.1%), but lower in wetter sites (by 4.9%), especially for plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Root-biomass responses to warming predominantly determine the biomass allocation in terrestrial plants suggesting that warming can reinforce the importance of belowground resource uptake. Our study highlights that the wetness or dryness of a site and plants’ mycorrhizal associations strongly regulate terrestrial carbon cycle by altering biomass allocation strategies in a warmer world.

scholarly journals Initial development and gas exchange of Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. under different shading conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Hilton Morbeck de Oliveira ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Sara Dousseau ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Ecophysiological studies under semi-controlled conditions in nurseries and greenhouses are essential to enable the use of native species to recover degraded areas and for commercial planting. Talisia subalbens (Mart) Radlk, 'cascudo', is a native fruiting species of the Cerrado on the verge of extinction. The ecophysiological performance of this species was evaluated in nursery conditions under different levels of shading (full sunshine, 30%, 50% and 70%). Initial growth, biomass allocation, gas exchange and chlorophyll content of the plants were analyzed. Full sunshine cultivated plants showed a higher accumulation of total, shoot, and root dry biomass. There was no significant difference in the root/shoot ratio among the treatments. Seedlings cultivated under full sunshine and 30% shading showed higher values for height, basal diameter, and leaf area. Differences in stomata conductance and photosynthesis rate were not observed among the different shading levels. Plants cultivated under 70% of shading had higher contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total. During the initial phase with higher levels of radiation were fundamental for the development of T. subalbens seedlings.

scholarly journals Anatomy and physiology of Cattail as related to different population densities

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. CORRÊA ◽  
R.H. MADAIL ◽  
S. BARBOSA ◽  
M.P. PEREIRA ◽  
E.M. CASTRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Apoplastic Barriers ◽  
Density Population

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the population density of Typha angustifolia plants in the anatomical and physiological characteristics. Plants were collected from populations of high density (over 50% of colonization capacity) and low density (less than 50% of colonization capacity) and cultivated under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plants from both populations were grown in plastic trays containing 4 L of nutritive solution for 60 days. At the end of this period, the relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilatory rate, root/shoot ratio, leaf anatomy, root anatomy, and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were evaluated. Plants from high density populations showed increased growth rate and root/shoot ratio. Low density populations showed higher values of stomatal index and density in leaves, as well as increased palisade parenchyma thickness. Root epidermis and exodermis thickness as well as the aerenchyma proportion of high density populations were reduced, these plants also showed increased vascular cylinder proportion. Only catalase activity was modified between the high and low density populations, showing increased values in low density populations. Therefore, different Typha angustifolia plants show differences in its anatomy and physiology related to its origins on high and low density conditions. High density population plants shows increased growth capacity related to lower apoplastic barriers in root and this may be related to increased nutrient uptake capacity.

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