scholarly journals Evaluating the Accuracy of Bluetooth-Based Travel Time on Arterial Roads: A Case Study of Perth, Western Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia ◽  
Aloke Phatak
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Multiple Detection ◽  
The Impact

Bluetooth (BT) time-stamped media access control (MAC) address data have been used for traffic studies worldwide. Although Bluetooth (BT) technology has been widely recognised as an effective, low-cost traffic data source in freeway traffic contexts, it is still unclear whether BT technology can provide accurate travel time (TT) information in complex urban traffic environments. Therefore, this empirical study aims to systematically evaluate the accuracy of BT travel time estimates in urban arterial contexts. There are two major hurdles to deriving accurate TT information for arterial roads: the multiple detection problem and noise in BT estimates. To date, they have not been fully investigated, nor have well-accepted solutions been found. Using approximately two million records of BT time-stamped MAC address data from twenty weekdays, this study uses five different BT TT-matching methods to investigate and quantify the impact of multiple detection problems and the noise in BT TT estimates on the accuracy of average BT travel times. Our work shows that accurate Bluetooth-based travel time information on signalised arterial roads can be derived if an appropriate matching method can be selected to smooth out the remaining noise in the filtered travel time estimates. Overall, average-to-average and last-to-last matching methods are best for long (>1 km) and short (≤1 km) signalised arterial road segments, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that the differences between BT and ground truth average TTs or speeds are systematic, and adding a calibration is a pragmatic method to correct inaccurate BT average TTs or speeds. The results of this research can help researchers and road operators to better understand BT technology for TT analysis and consequently to optimise the deployment location and configuration of BT MAC address scanners.

scholarly journals TIME TRAVEL ESTIMATIONS USING MAC ADDRESSES OF BUS PASSENGERS: A POINT TO PATH-QGIS ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Hidayat ◽  
Shintaro Terabe ◽  
Hideki Yaginuma
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Data Points

Currently, the development of WiFi is proliferating, especially in the field of transportation and smart cities. At the same time, WiFi is a low-cost technology, which offers a longer survey time and is able to support the Big Data era. This paper describes our study, which first uses a WiFi scanner to capture media access control (MAC) address data of bus passengers’ WiFi devices and then identifies each MAC address travel time to confirm the bus passengers. The MAC address is a unique ID for each device used such as mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other WiFi-enabled equipment. The WiFi scanner was placed inside the bus to capture all the MAC addresses inside and around the bus. The survey was conducted for one day (eight hours). The paper describes the procedure of the time travel estimation for each MAC address using the “point to path” analysis in QGIS open source software. This procedure, using point to path-GIS, produced 70,000-80,000 raw data points cleaned into 100-130 new data points. The procedure determined how many passengers traveled and explained which bus passengers used based on travel time.

scholarly journals TIME TRAVEL ESTIMATIONS USING MAC ADDRESSES OF BUS PASSENGERS: A POINT TO PATH-QGIS ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Arief Hidayat ◽  
Shintaro Terabe ◽  
Hideki Yaginuma
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Data Points

Currently, the development of WiFi is proliferating, especially in the field of transportation and smart cities. At the same time, WiFi is a low-cost technology, which offers a longer survey time and is able to support the Big Data era. This paper describes our study, which first uses a WiFi scanner to capture media access control (MAC) address data of bus passengers’ WiFi devices and then identifies each MAC address travel time to confirm the bus passengers. The MAC address is a unique ID for each device used such as mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other WiFi-enabled equipment. The WiFi scanner was placed inside the bus to capture all the MAC addresses inside and around the bus. The survey was conducted for one day (eight hours). The paper describes the procedure of the time travel estimation for each MAC address using the “point to path” analysis in QGIS open source software. This procedure, using point to path-GIS, produced 70,000-80,000 raw data points cleaned into 100-130 new data points. The procedure determined how many passengers traveled and explained which bus passengers used based on travel time.

scholarly journals Travel Time Estimation Modelling under Heterogeneous Traffic: A Case Study of Urban Traffic Corridor in Surat, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Saw ◽  
Aathira K. Das ◽  
Bhimaji K. Katti ◽  
Gaurang J. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Travel Time Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Side Friction ◽  
The Impact

Achievement of fast and reliable travel time on urban road network is one of the major objectives for a transport planner against the enormous growth in vehicle population and urban traffic in most of the metropolitan cities in India. Urban arterials or main city corridors are subjected to heavy traffic flow resulting in degradation of traffic quality in terms of vehicular delays and increase in travel time. Since the Indian roadway traffic is characterized by heterogeneity with dominance of 2Ws (Two wheelers) and 3Ws (Auto rickshaw), travel times are varying significantly. With this in background, the present paper focuses on identification of travel time attributes such as heterogeneous traffic, road side friction and corridor intersections for recurrent traffic condition and to develop an appropriate Corridor Travel Time Estimation Model using Multi-Linear Regression (MLR) approach. The model is further subjected to sensitivity analysis with reference to identified attributes to realize the impact of the identified attributes on travel time so as to suggest certain measures for improvement.

scholarly journals Introducing a Navigation Algorithm for Reducing the Spread of Diseases in Public Transport Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Klinker ◽  
Mohamed Hechem Selmi ◽  
Mariana Avezum ◽  
Stephan Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Navigation Algorithm ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Reducing passenger flow through highly frequented bottlenecks in public transportation networks is a well-known urban planning problem. This issue has become even more relevant since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the necessity for minimum distances between passengers. We propose an approach that allows to dynamically navigate passengers around dangerously crowded stations to better distribute the passenger load across an entire urban public transport network. This is achieved through the introduction of new constraints into routing requests, that enable the avoidance of specific nodes in a network. These requests consider walks, bikes, metros, subways, trams and buses as possible modes of transportation. An implementation of the approach is provided in cooperation with the Munich Travel Corporation (MVG) for the city of Munich, to simulate the effects on a real city’s urban traffic flow. Among other factors, the impact on the travel time was simulated given that the two major exchange points in the network were to be avoided. With an increase from 26.5 to 26.8 minutes on the average travel time, the simulation suggests that the time penalty might be worth the safety benefits.

scholarly journals Location Design of Electrification Road in Transportation Networks for On-Way Charging

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yue Qiu ◽  
Yuchuan Du ◽  
Shanchuan Yu ◽  
Shengchuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Active Set ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Equilibrium Constraint ◽  
The Impact

Electric vehicles tend to be a great mobility option for the potential benefits in energy consumption and emission reduction. On-way charging (OWC) has been recognized to be a promising solution to extend driving range for electric vehicles. Location of the electrification road (ER) is a critical issue for future urban traffic management to accommodate the new mobility option. This paper proposes a mathematical program with equilibrium constraint (MPEC) approach to solve this problem, which minimizes the total travel time with a limited construction budget. To describe the drivers’ routing choice, a path-constrained network equilibrium model is proposed to minimize their travel time and prevent running out of charge. We develop a modified active set algorithm to solve the MPEC model. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the performance of the model and the solution algorithm and analyze the impact of charging efficiency, battery size, and comfortable range.

scholarly journals Analysis of Macroscopic Traffic Network Impacted by Structural Damage to Bridges from Earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Joongmin Cho ◽  
Young-Joo Lee ◽  
Seongkwan Mark Lee ◽  
Ki Han Song ◽  
Wonho Suh
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Total System ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Highway systems play a key role in providing mobility to society, especially during emergency situations, including earthquakes. Bridges in highway systems are susceptible to damage from earthquakes, causing traffic capacity loss leading to a serious impact on surrounding areas. To better prepare for such scenarios, it is important to estimate capacity loss and traffic disruptions from earthquakes. For this purpose, a traffic-capacity-analysisbased methodology was developed to model the performance of a transportation network immediately following an earthquake using a macroscopic multi-level urban traffic planning simulation model EMME4. This method employs the second order linear approximation (SOLA) traffic assignment and calculates total system travel time for various capacity loss scenarios due to bridge damage from earthquakes. It has been applied to Pohang City in Korea to evaluate the performance of traffic networks in various situations. The results indicate a significant increase in travel time and a decrease in travel speed as the intensity of an earthquake increases. However, the impact on traffic volume varies depending on the bridges. It is assumed that the location of the bridges and traffic routing patterns might be the main reason. The results are expected to help estimate the impact on transportation networks when earthquakes cause traffic capacity loss on bridges.

Computer simulation study about the dependence of amorphous silicon photonic waveguides efficiency on the material quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 30502
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fantoni ◽  
João Costa ◽  
Paulo Lourenço ◽  
Manuela Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sidewall Roughness ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fabrication Defects ◽  
The Impact

Amorphous silicon PECVD photonic integrated devices are promising candidates for low cost sensing applications. This manuscript reports a simulation analysis about the impact on the overall efficiency caused by the lithography imperfections in the deposition process. The tolerance to the fabrication defects of a photonic sensor based on surface plasmonic resonance is analysed. The simulations are performed with FDTD and BPM algorithms. The device is a plasmonic interferometer composed by an a-Si:H waveguide covered by a thin gold layer. The sensing analysis is performed by equally splitting the input light into two arms, allowing the sensor to be calibrated by its reference arm. Two different 1 × 2 power splitter configurations are presented: a directional coupler and a multimode interference splitter. The waveguide sidewall roughness is considered as the major negative effect caused by deposition imperfections. The simulation results show that plasmonic effects can be excited in the interferometric waveguide structure, allowing a sensing device with enough sensitivity to support the functioning of a bio sensor for high throughput screening. In addition, the good tolerance to the waveguide wall roughness, points out the PECVD deposition technique as reliable method for the overall sensor system to be produced in a low-cost system. The large area deposition of photonics structures, allowed by the PECVD method, can be explored to design a multiplexed system for analysis of multiple biomarkers to further increase the tolerance to fabrication defects.

Advancing dairy farming profitability through research

2001 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
J.R. Caradus ◽  
D.A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Grass Endophyte ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Dairy Cow Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

The New Zealand dairy industry recognises that to remain competitive it must continue to invest in research and development. Outcomes from research have ensured year-round provision of low-cost feed from pasture while improving productivity. Some of these advances, discussed in this paper, include the use of white clover in pasture, understanding the impacts of grass endophyte, improved dairy cow nutrition, the use of alternative forage species and nitrogen fertiliser to improve productivity, demonstration of the impact of days-in-milk on profitability, and the use of feed budgeting and appropriate pasture management. Keywords: dairy, profitability, research and development

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