scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Double Air-Cushioned Shoe Compared with Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. S. Eun ◽  
S. Chachan ◽  
S. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Noninvasive Treatment ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. This study was aimed at comparing the plantar fasciitis treatment effect of a double air-cushioned shoe to that of physiotherapy combined with ESWT. Methods. Retrospective chart review of 40 patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis was performed. Group 1 wore a double air-cushioned shoe for 2 months, and group 2 underwent physiotherapy with ESWT once/week over a 4-week period. The foot function index (FFI) score was obtained at the initial visit, 1 month, and 2 months. Results. There were 25 patients in group 1 and 15 patients in group 2. The pretreatment FFI was 62.6 for group 1 and 50 for group 2. The 1-month posttreatment FFI was 45.6 for group 1 and 35.7 for group 2. The 2-month posttreatment FFI was 35 for group 1 and 43.1 for group 2. In both groups 1 and 2, follow-up FFIs were significantly improved from the initial FFI (p<0.05) and there were no significant differences between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. The double air-cushioned shoe can be considered an alternative treatment option for noninvasive treatment of early-stage plantar fasciitis.

scholarly journals Exercise in a Healthy Heart Program: A Cohort Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMC.S12654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Meikle ◽  
A. Al-Sarraf ◽  
M. Li ◽  
K. Grierson ◽  
J. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prevention Clinic ◽  
Group 1

Objective To assess the effects of exercise on resting heart rate (RHR), weight, lipid profile, and blood pressure. We hypothesized that the participants who increased their physical activity would show improvement in their cardiovascular risk factors compared to those who did not. Design Retrospective chart review over the mean duration of 4.9 years of follow-up. Setting Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Participants We reviewed 300 charts of patients randomly selected from those who attended the Prevention Clinic between 1984 and 2009. 248 (82.7%) patients were referred for primary prevention and 52 (17.3%) for secondary prevention. Primary and secondary outcome measures Weight, RHR, lipid profile, and blood pressure were recorded at the initial and last visit. Results During a mean of 4.9 years of follow-up, 55% of participants improved their exercise. The mean decrease in the RHR for these patients (group 1) was 5.9 beats per minute (bpm) versus the mean increase of 0.3 bpm for the “no change” group (group 2) ( P < 0.01). The mean net weight increase in group 1 was 0.06 kg/year versus 0.25 kg/year in group 2. Because of medications, all patients had a significant improvement in their lipid profiles. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant greater reduction in Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in group 1 versus group 2 (11.8% versus 15.1%, P < 0.01). Conclusion Participation in the program significantly reduces modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Improved exercise regimen results in lower RHR and greater reduction in FRS. However, even in a Prevention Program, despite strong advocacy of the importance of exercise, a significant percentage of participants does not improve their exercise habits.

scholarly journals The Effect of Myofascial Release Technique and Stretching Versus Myofascial Release Technique and Taping in Patients with Chronic Plantar Fasciitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pradeep Krishnareddy ◽  
Sharvari Shahane ◽  
Yashodhara S Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Myofascial Release ◽  
Function Index ◽  
Release Technique ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and Objective: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause for inferior heel pain. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of myofascial release technique (MFR) and stretching versus MFR and taping in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. Method: 60 plantar fasciitis patients were randomly divided into two groups with n= 30 in each group. Group 1- received MFR and stretching, where Group 2- received MFR and taping. The treatment was given one session per day for 10 consecutive days for both the groups. Outcome Measures: The patients were evaluated on day 1, day 5 and day 10. They were requested to come for a follow up after 1 week of treatment program. All the patients were assessed for pain and foot function by taking their Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI). Results: Group 1 which received MFR and stretching showed great improvements from baseline to week 1, after day 10 on pain intensity and foot function assessed using VAS and FFI respectively. Group 2 showed improvements from baseline to day 10 but there was increase in pain levels and decreased foot function in measurements in 1 week. After analysis group 1 showed significance with P = 0.001. Conclusion: MFR with stretching and MFR with taping both were effective in reducing the pain intensity and increasing the foot function but MFR with stretching showed a superior hand over MFR with taping. Key words: Plantar Fasciitis, Myofascial Release Technique, Stretching, Taping, Visual Analog Scale, Foot Function Index.

scholarly journals Effects of Adjuvant Low-Dye Kinesio Taping, Adjuvant Sham Taping, or Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Alone in Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeliz Bahar-Ozdemir ◽  
TUĞBA ATAN
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave ◽  
Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Group 1

Aim Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is known as one of the most effective treatment methods in plantar fasciitis (PF). Low-dye taping, which is the most preferred method of banding treatments, provides an analgesic effect by correcting biomechanics. It was aimed to compare the efficacy of adjuvant low-dye kinesio-taping (KT), sham-taping, or extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) alone in plantar fasciitis (PF). Methods In this double-blind, sham-controlled study, forty-five patients with PF were randomized to 3-group (Group 1: ESWT plus low-dye KT, n=15; Group 2: ESWT plus Sham-taping, n=15; and Group 3: ESWT only, n=15) five-session ESWT were administrated. KT was performed and changed every 1-week for the ESWT sessions in Groups 1 and 2. The main outcome measures were the visual analog scale (VAS) change, the heel tenderness index (HTI), foot function index (FFI). The patients were evaluated at the beginning and end of the treatment and the 4-week follow-up. Results The demographic characteristics and baseline outcomes between groups were similar (p>0.05). VAS and HTI changes were observed in all three groups, there was no difference between groups. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant interaction between the time and the groups in FFI-total (F3.919= 2.607; p=.043). At the 4-week follow-up, when Groups 1 and 2 were evaluated, the lower FFI-total, FFI-disability, and FFI-activity limitation were statistically significant in Group 1 (p=0.027; p=0.026; p=0.029, respectively). When Group 1 and 3 were compared, the decrease in FFI-pain and FFI-activity limitation were significant in Group 1 (p=0.042; p=0.035, respectively). Conclusions Low-dye KT, in addition to ESWT, is more effective than sham-taping and ESWT in pain relief and foot function improvement due to PF at a 4-week follow-up.

Effect of Lisinopril and Verapamil on Angiopoietin 2 and Endostatin in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy: A Randomized Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (07) ◽  
pp. 470-477
Author(s):  
Al-Aliaa M. Sallam ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Eman Abdel-Aleem ◽  
Hala O. El-Mesallamy
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Angiopoietin 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractAngiogenesis is a multistep process implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) have an important role in DN. We performed a randomized-controlled trial of lisinopril alone (an ACEI) or in combination with verapamil (a CCB) as a therapy for DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension (HTN) and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) (30–300 mg/g) also to evaluate their effect on UACR, the angiogenic proteins: Angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) and Endostatin (EST). Forty T2DM patients with microalbuminuria, aged 45–65 years were included. Patients were randomly assigned into group 1 receiving oral lisinopril and group 2 receiving oral lisinopril and verapamil once daily. After 3 months follow-up fasting blood glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profile, UACR, serum urea and creatinine levels were assessed. EST and Ang-2 were measured using ELISA technique. Baseline Ang-2 and EST levels were elevated in both groups compared with controls (p<0.001). After follow-up, group 2 had significantly decreased FPG, HbA1c, UACR, EST and Ang-2 compared with their baseline levels (p<0.001 for all comparisons) and with group 1 (p<0.001). No adverse reactions were reported. Baseline EST and Ang-2 were positively correlated to UACR (r=0.753, p<0.001) (r=0.685, p<0.001). Lisinopril/verapamil combination enhanced glycemic control and kidney function via diminishing EST and Ang-2. This combination can be considered as a safe and effective approach for early stage nephropathy therapy in T2DM.

A comparison of LISA versus insure: A single center experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
T. Queliz Pena ◽  
J.A. Perez ◽  
M.J. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Surfactant Replacement ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Surfactant Replacement Therapy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND: Less invasive surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) methods have been linked to better respiratory outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to determine if Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) altered the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Secondary objectives were to determine if LISA compared to Intubation Surfactant Extubation (InSurE) resulted in different respiratory outcomes and hospital course. METHODS: In this retrospective chart review, outcomes were compared in two preterm infant groups (25–32 weeks gestation). Infants in Group 1 received surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) via InSurE method, while infants in Group 2 received SRT via LISA method. RESULTS: Regardless of SRT method utilized, there were no significant differences in rates of BPD between the two groups in infants born at 25–32 weeks gestation (30.6% vs 33.3% ; P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Despite using LISA method rather than InSurE for SRT, premature infants continue to be at high risk for BPD. LISA shows promise as a safe, noninvasive SRT alternative to invasive methods like InSurE.

scholarly journals THU0338 THE CIRCULATING CD19-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: MODULATION WITHIN A YEAR AFTER THE INITIATION OF RITUXIMAB THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 400.1-400
Author(s):  
L. P. Ananyeva ◽  
L. Garzanova ◽  
O. Koneva ◽  
M. Starovoytova ◽  
O. Desinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Short Disease Duration ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background:Significant disorders of B-cell homeostasis have been detected in systemic sclerosis (SSc) [1,2]. The improvement of the disease with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTM) has been shown in SSc [3]. There are limited data on change in circulating B lymphocytes count after RTM treatment in patients with SSc.Objectives:to investigate the modulations in absolute and relative numbers of circulating CD19-positive B lymphocytes (B-lymph) in patients with SSc within a year after the initiation of RTM therapy.Methods:71 pts with SSc were included in the prospective study. Mean age was 46±13 yrs., 83% were women, 59% had diffuse subset. Duration of SSC from the first non-Raynaud`s symptom was 5.6 ± 4.4 yrs. All pts received low doses of glucocorticoids and 45% -immunosuppressive medications. The average follow-up of patients was 13.2 ± 2.0 (11-18) months. The mean dose of RTM for the period of follow up was 1.43 ± 0.60 grams, 48 patients received < 2 g of RTM (group 1, mean of 1.1 ± 0.1 g) and 23 patients received ≥ 2 grams of RTM (group 2, mean dose of 2.2 ± 0.6 g). Peripheral blood CD19-positive cell count was obtained by flow cytometry in patients and in 20 healthy persons, comparable in sex and age. Data are presented as the percentage (P %) and absolute number (AN) of B-lymph per ml of blood. In patients, the number of B-lymph was determined before (n=67 pts), within first month after the first introduction of RTM (n=66), 6 months later (n=34) and at the end of the study (n=71)Results:At baseline, the AN and P% of B-lymph in pts did not differ from the healthy control. In pts with short disease duration (≤ 3 yrs.) the number of B-lymph before treatment with RTM was the higher (compared with longer duration > 3 yrs) those who was ill ≥3 yrs.) and there was negative correlation between B-lymph count and duration of the disease (R - 0.36, p=0.003 for AN and R - 0.48, p=0.001 for P %). The number of B-lymph was significantly lower in patients receiving cyclophosphamide (Cyc) before being started with RTM. There was a negative correlation between the AN of B-lymph and the cumulative dose of Cyc (R -0.293, p=0.016). In 1 month after the initiation of RTM a complete depletion of B-lymph was observed in all pts and in six months it persisted in 79% of cases, the rest began to repopulate (15%) or reached a normal levels (6%). At the end of the follow up the number of B-lymph was significantly lower than before treatment and a complete (n=41 pts) or partial (n=23) depletion of B-lymph remained, and only in 7 (10%) pts the count of this cells was normalized. We revealed a negative correlation between the AN of B-lymph and the cumulative dose of RTM (R-0.237, p=0.048). Higher doses of RTM in group 2 induced a more significant depletion than in group 1. Change in forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of the lung (% predicted) during follow up were less pronounced for pts in group 1 compared with group 2 (ΔFVC 2,4% and 7,5% p=0,01; ΔDLCO -0,35% and 5,05%, p=0,001, respectively).Conclusion:RTM may be more effective at the early stage of the disease, when the level of B-lymph is the highest. In SSc, the repopulation of B-lymph after depletion with RTM develops slowly. There were a more significant depletion of B-lymph and a more pronounced improvement in pulmonary function with the higher dose of RTM to compare with the lower one. This results indicate the option of a flexible dosing regimen of RTM.References:[1]Sanges S. et al. La Revue de médecine interne 38 (2017) 113–124[2]Forestier A. et al. Autoimmunity Reviews 17 (2018) 244–255[3]Jordan S, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74:1188–1194.doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204522Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Multifocal Electroretinography Results in the Long-Term Follow-Up of Glaucoma Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Ersan Cetınkaya ◽  
Sibel Inan ◽  
Kenan Yıgıt ◽  
Mehmet Cem Sabaner ◽  
Ümit Übeyt Inan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To investigate the changes in macular retinal layers and panretinal neuroretinal functions in the long-term follow-up of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma were followed up for 12 months. According to their mean deviation (MD) values), the patients were put into two groups as Group 1 with early stage glaucoma (MD≥-6) and Group 2 with middle-advanced stage glaucoma (MD<-6). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) were performed at the baseline and at the sixth- and 12th-month evaluations. The OCT, retinal layer and mfERG findings were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender and age In Group 2, the mean baseline macula Retina Nerve Fiber Layer, Ganglion Cell Layer and Inner Pleksiform Layer measurements were lower in each quadrant compared to Group 1. Concerning progression in OCT measurements, there was no significant difference between the two groups. However, it was noteworthy that in Group 2, there was a decrease especially in the first and second ring amplitudes of the P1 and N2 waves and prolongation of the implicit time. At the 12-month evaluation, there was prolongation of the implicit time of the N1 wave and a decrease in the P1 wave amplitude in Group 1. Conclusion: Retinal layers are affected in patients with intermediate and advanced stage glaucoma. In the follow-up of early stage glaucoma patients, mfERG measurements can show damage that may occur.

Are aromatase inhibitors in boys with predicted short stature and/or rapidly advancing bone age effective and safe?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Ferris ◽  
Mitchell E. Geffner
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic ◽  
Group 1

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to assess aromatase inhibitor (AI) efficacy in increasing predicted adult height (PAH) and to describe clinical and biochemical safety profiles of AI-treated boys.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted at an academic children’s hospital endocrinology clinic. Twenty-one boys with predicted short stature and/or rapidly advancing bone age, divided as Tanner stage (TS) I–III Group 1 (G1, n=9) and TS IV–V Group 2 (G2, n=12), were treated with AIs, either letrozole or anastrozole (mean duration, G1: 2.4 years and G2: 0.9 years). Primary outcomes included PAH, hormonal/biochemical analytes, and clinical data.Results:PAH did not significantly change in either group. Mean peak testosterone significantly increased from baseline to 650±458 ng/dL (p=0.008) in G1 and to 1156±302 ng/dL (p=0.002) in G2. Estradiol did not significantly change in either group. Compared to baseline, G2 showed increased mean FSH (p=0.002), LH (p=0.002), hematocrit (p=0.0001), body mass index (BMI) z-score (p=0.0005), and acne (p=0.01).Conclusions:AIs did not increase PAH, regardless of TS. Boys in late puberty had significant increases in testosterone, gonadotropins, hematocrit, acne, and BMI, but no reduction in estradiol. The potential consequences of these findings are concerning and require long-term study, especially if AIs are started in late puberty.

scholarly journals Evaluating IV Acetaminophen for Pain Management After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Chart Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Pain after surgery is one of greatest complaints patients have in the surgical process. It is important to decrease pain after surgery to promote a quicker recovery and minimize complications. Opioids alone have been used to manage post-operative pain in cardiac surgery; However, recently multimodal approaches to pain management are now being explored. This approach involves using multiple medications with varying mechanisms of action for pain relief in addition to decreased adverse effects. Ofirmev (IV acetaminophen) is a relatively new medication for use in cardiac surgery that has few contraindications and side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate if utilizing the current pain management approach in addition to Ofirmev impacted pain scores in post-operative cardiothoracic patients in a non-experimental retrospective chart review. A two group comparative chart review was conducted for a total of 30 charts to meet inclusion criteria. Group 1 (n=15) received opioid only for pain management were compared to Group 2 (n=15) who received Ofirmev and opioids for pain management after cardiac surgery. Results showed that pain scores at hour 6 and 24 showed significance in favor of Group 2, the Ofirmev group. Results also showed Group 2, the Ofirmev group, consumed less morphine on average than Group 1, opioid only. Unexpectedly, length of stay was on average longer for the Ofirmev group than the non- ofirmev group. The research supports the need to utilize multimodal pain management and alternative techniques to manage pain. This study shows there is a need for further research for pain management with a multimodal approach in cardiac surgery.

Creation of physiologic rhythm by closed loop stimulation in heart failure patients with severe chronotropic incompetence: worldwide first results of a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Proff ◽  
B Merkely ◽  
R Papp ◽  
C Lenz ◽  
P.J Nordbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Chronotropic Incompetence ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) in heart failure (HF) population is high and negatively impacts prognosis. In HF patients with an implanted cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) device and severe CI, the effect of rate adaptive pacing on patient outcomes is unclear. Closed loop stimulation (CLS) based on cardiac impedance measurement may be an optimal method of heart rate adaptation according to metabolic need in HF patients with severe CI. Purpose This is the first study evaluating the effect of CLS on the established prognostic parameters assessed by the cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing and on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Methods A randomised, controlled, double-blind and crossover pilot study has been performed in CRT patients with severe CI defined as the inability to achieve 70% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR). After baseline assessment, patients were randomised to either DDD-CLS pacing (group 1) or DDD pacing at 40 bpm (group 2) for a 1-month period, followed by crossover for another month. At baseline and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups, a CPX was performed and QoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The main endpoints were the effect of CLS on ventilatory efficiency (VE) slope (evaluated by an independent CPX expert), the responder rate defined as an improvement (decrease) of the VE slope by at least 5%, percentage of maximal predicted heart rate reserve (HRR) achieved, and QoL. Results Of the 36 patients enrolled in the study, 20 fulfilled the criterion for severe CI and entered the study follow-up (mean age 68.9±7.4 years, 70% men, LVEF=41.8±9.3%, 40%/60% NYHA class II/III). Full baseline and follow-up datasets were obtained in 17 patients. The mean VE slope and HRR at baseline were 34.4±4.4 and 49.6±23.8%, respectively, in group 1 (n=7) and 34.5±12.2 and 54.2±16.1% in group 2 (n=10). After completing the 2-month CPX, the mean difference between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 modes was −2.4±8.3 (group 1) and −1.2±3.5 (group 2) for VE slope, and 17.1±15.5% (group 1) and 8.7±18.8% (group 2) for HRR. Altogether, VE slope improved by −1.8±2.95 (p=0.31) in DDD-CLS versus DDD-40, and HRR improved by 12.9±8.8% (p=0.01). The VE slope decreased by ≥5% in 47% of patients (“responders to CLS”). The mean difference in the QoL between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 was 0.16±0.25 in group 1 and −0.01±0.05 in group 2, resulting in an overall increase by 0.08±0.08 in the DDD-CLS mode (p=0.13). Conclusion First results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of CLS in CRT patients with severe CI revealed that CLS generated an overall positive effect on well-established surrogate parameters for prognosis. About one half of the patients showed CLS response in terms of improved VE slope. In addition, CLS improved quality of life. Further clinical research is needed to identify predictors that can increase the responder rate and to confirm improvement in clinical outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biotronik SE & Co. KG

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