scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic Effects and Mode of Actions of Musa paradisiaca Leaf and Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extracts in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Abdel Aziz ◽  
Osama M. Ahmed ◽  
Sanaa M. Abd EL-Twab ◽  
Hessah Mohammed Al-Muzafar ◽  
Kamal Adel Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Peel Extract

The present study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of Musa paradisiaca (M. paradisiaca) leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts and to suggest their probable mode of actions in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts were analyzed by GC-MS that indicated the presence of phytol, octadecatrienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecadienoic acid as major components in the leaf extract and vitamin E, octadecenamide, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol as major phytochemicals in the fruit peel extract. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5), 15 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of NA (120 mg/kg body weight). The NA/STZ-induced diabetic rats were, respectively, treated with M. paradisiaca leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day by oral administration for 28 days. The treatment of NA/STZ-induced diabetic rats with leaf and fruit peel extracts significantly improved the impaired oral glucose tolerance and significantly increased the lowered serum insulin and C-peptide levels. The HOMA-IR (as the index of insulin resistance) and QUICKI (as a marker for insulin sensitivity), as well as HOMA-β cell function were significantly alleviated as a result of treatment of diabetic rats with leaf and fruit peel extracts. In association, the elevated serum-free fatty acids, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased. In addition, the suppressed adipose tissue PPARγ, GLUT4, adiponectin, and insulin receptor β-subunit mRNA expressions were upregulated while the elevated adipose tissue resistin expression was downregulated in diabetic rats as a result of treatment with the leaf and peel extract. Based on these results, it can be concluded that M. paradisiaca leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts have antihyperglycemic effects which may be mediated via their insulinotropic and insulin-sensitizing effects.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Potency, Antioxidant Effects, and Mode of Actions of Citrus reticulata Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Wistar Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Alaa M. Ali ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Gabbar ◽  
Sanaa M. Abdel-Twab ◽  
Eman M. Fahmy ◽  
Hossam Ebaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

This study is aimed at assessing the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant effects of Citrus reticulata (C. reticulata) fruit peel hydroethanolic extract and two flavonoids, hesperidin and quercetin, in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetic rats. In addition, GC-MS and HPLC-MS analyses of the extract were performed and the results indicated the presence of multiple flavonoids including hesperidin, quercetin, naringin, and polymethoxylated flavones (nobiletin and tangeretin). To achieve the aim of the study, diabetic rats with NA/STZ-induced T2DM were orally treated with C. reticulata fruit peel hydroethanolic extract, hesperidin, and quercetin at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w./day for four weeks. The treatments with C. reticulata fruit peel extract, hesperidin, and quercetin significantly ameliorated the impaired oral glucose tolerance; the elevated serum fructosamine level; the diminished serum insulin and C-peptide levels; the altered HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and HOMA-β cell function; the decreased liver glycogen content; the increased liver glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase activities; the deleteriously affected serum lipid profile; the elevated serum AST and ALT activities; and the raised serum creatinine and urea levels in the diabetic rats. The treatments also produced remarkable improvement in the antioxidant defense system manifested by a decrease in the elevated liver lipid peroxidation and an increase in the lowered glutathione content and GPx, GST, and SOD activities. Furthermore, the three treatments enhanced the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 and the insulin receptor β-subunit, but only quercetin produced a significant increase in the expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue of diabetic rats. In conclusion, C. reticulata fruit peel hydroethanolic extract, hesperidin, and quercetin have potent antidiabetic effects which may be mediated through their insulinotropic effects and insulin-sensitizing actions. In addition, the alleviation of the antioxidant defense system by the extract, hesperidin, and naringin may have an important action to enhance the antidiabetic actions and to improve liver and kidney functions in NA/STZ-induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Long-term consequences of under-nutrition during suckling on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein profile in female and male rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana López-Soldado ◽  
Maria Angeles Munilla ◽  
Emilio Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Β Cell Function

To determine the effect of under-nutrition during suckling in adults, at delivery female Sprague Dawley rats were allowed to lactate litters of either eight (controls) or sixteen pups each (large litter, LL). The amount of milk taken by LL pups was less than the controls and the concentration of triacylglycerols (TG) in the milk of the former was lower. The increase of both body weight and length in LL was lower than in the controls during suckling. At weaning, pups were allowed to eat ad libitum a standard diet and whereas at 20 months female body weight did not differ between LL and control rats, LL males weighed less than controls. Plasma NEFA were lower in male LL than in controls at 10 months, leptin at 10 and 16 months and TG and VLDL-TG at 20 months, with no differences in females. When 20 months old, lumbar and epididymal adipose tissue weights were lower in male LL than in controls, but not in females. The increase in plasma insulin after oral glucose load was lower in LL than in controls, both in males and females at 4 and 16 months, and only in males at 10 months, whereas the change in plasma glucose remained constant between the groups. Results indicate that both the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism are independently programmed as a consequence of under-nutrition during suckling, the effect being more manifest for males than for females.

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Effects of cortisol and progesterone on insulin binding and lipogenesis in adipocytes from normal and diabetic rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Mendes ◽  
R. J. Madon ◽  
D. J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Receptor Concentration

ABSTRACT Cortisol implants in normal and diabetic rats reduced body weight, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes, whilst insulin sensitivity was unchanged. In normal but not diabetic rats these changes were accompanied by increased serum glucose and insulin concentrations. In contrast, progesterone implants in normal and diabetic rats increased body weight gain, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in adipose tissue, again without affecting insulin sensitivity. Progesterone did not affect serum insulin concentrations in normal or diabetic rats but accelerated the decline in serum glucose concentrations which occurred during an overnight fast in diabetic rats. The results suggest that (1) cortisol inhibits lipogenesis in adipose tissue without affecting insulin sensitivity, (2) cortisol reduces insulin binding in adipose tissue without a requirement for hyperinsulinaemia, which might itself indirectly lead to down-regulation of the insulin receptor, and (3) in diabetic rats progesterone stimulates lipogenesis in adipose tissue without any increase in food intake or serum insulin concentrations suggesting that progesterone may have a direct anabolic role in adipose tissue. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 225–231

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity and Nephroprotective Activity of Peel Extract from Three Varieties of the Passion Fruit (Passiflora Sp.) in the Albino Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerdy Nerdy ◽  
Kiking Ritarwan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit ◽  
Peel Extract ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

BACKGROUND: The Passion Fruit (Passiflora sp.) that grows in the Indonesian region generally has three varieties, namely purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.), red passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss.), and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora verrucifera Lindl.). The passion fruit peel is an economic waste that has not been utilised optimally, but has many efficacious phytochemical contents. AIM: The objectives of this research are to examine scientifically hepatoprotective activity (with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic) and nephroprotective activity (with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic) from three varieties of the passion fruit (purple passion fruit peel extract, red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract) in the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). METHODS: Three varieties of passion fruit peels were extracted by maceration method. The experimental animals used were the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). Hepatoprotective activity was done by the liver biochemical (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) analysis with paracetamol (hepatotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract. Nephroprotective activity was done by the kidney biochemical (urea and creatinine) analysis with gentamicin (nephrotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract. RESULTS: The hepatoprotective activity for positive control was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 250 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight. The nephroprotective activity for positive control (50 mg of silymarin per kg of body weight) was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 500 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight. CONCLUSIONS: The extracts were shown hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity with a dose-dependent activity. The hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity of purple passion fruit peel extract were the best compared to red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Potentials of Cocoyam (Colocasia esculentaL.) and Unripe Plantain (Musa paradisiacaL.) on the Relative Tissue Weights of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Eleazu ◽  
M. Iroaganachi ◽  
K. C. Eleazu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Urine Assay ◽  
Standard Techniques

Aim. To investigate the ameliorating potentials of cocoyam (Colocasia esculentaL.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiacaL.) incorporated feeds on the renal and liver growths of diabetic rats, induced with 55 and 65 mg/kg body weight of Streptozotocin.Method. The blood glucose level of the rats was measured with a glucometer, the protein and glucose and specific gravity (SPGR) in the urine samples of the rats were measured using urine assay strips and urinometer respectively. The chemical composition and antioxidant screening of the test feeds were carried out using standard techniques.Results. Administration of the test feeds for 21 days to the diabetic rats of groups 4 and 5, resulted in 58.75% and 38.13% decreases in hyperglycemia and amelioration of their elevated urinary protein, glucose, SPGR, and relative kidney weights. The diabetic rats administered cocoyam incorporated feeds, had 2.71% and 19.52% increases in weight and growth rates, the diabetic rats administered unripe plantain incorporated feeds had 5.12% and 29.52% decreases in weight and growth rates while the diabetic control rats had 28.69%, 29.46%, 248.9% and 250.14% decreases in weights and growth rates. The cocoyam incorporated feeds contained higher antioxidants, minerals and phytochemicals except alkaloids than unripe plantain feed.Conclusion. Cocoyam and unripe plantain could be useful in the management of diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Effects of Extract from Solid-State FermentedCordyceps sinensison Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chih Kan ◽  
Hsien-Yi Wang ◽  
Chih-Chiang Chien ◽  
Shun-Lai Li ◽  
Yu-Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Wide Range

Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic disease in the world, and a wide range of drugs, including Chinese herbs, have been evaluated for the treatment of associated metabolic disorders. This study investigated the potential hypoglycemic and renoprotective effects of an extract from the solid-state fermented mycelium ofCordyceps sinensis(CS). We employed the KK/HIJ diabetic mouse model, in which the mice were provided with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce hyperglycemia, followed by the administration of CS or rosiglitazone for 4 consecutive weeks. Several parameters were evaluated, including changes in body weight, plasma lipid profiles, oral glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and plasma insulin concentrations. Our results show that the CS extract significantly elevated HDL/LDL ratios at 4 weeks and decreased body weight gain at 8 weeks. Interestingly, CS treatment did not lead to obvious improvements in hyperglycemia or resistance to insulin, while in vitro MTT assays indicated that CS protects pancreatic beta cells against the toxic effects of STZ. CS also enhanced renal NKA activity and reduced the accumulation of mesangial matrix and collagen deposition. In conclusion, CS extract can potentially preserveβ-cell function and offer renoprotection, which may afford a promising therapy for DM.

scholarly journals Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with lipid and insulin metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. E574-E582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinao Kobayashi ◽  
Akiko Eguchi ◽  
Mina Tempaku ◽  
Tatsuro Honda ◽  
Kenji Togashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Metabolism

We have reported that hypertrophic adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the number of circulating adipocyte-derived EVs correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a pilot study using obese patients. Here, we explored the association between circulating EV level and various metabolic parameters, including obesity and lipid and glucose metabolisms, among 203 subjects (76 men and 127 women; median age, 54 yr) with or without risk factor for metabolic diseases, who received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Circulating EV number was significantly higher in men than in women ( P < 0.001). Circulating EV number in individuals with impaired OGTT pattern was significantly higher compared with those with normal OGTT patterns ( P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that circulating EV number correlated most strongly and significantly with elevated triglyceride (TG; t = 8.55, P < 0.001). Additionally, circulating EV number correlated significantly with homeostasis model assessment-β-cell function (HOMA-β; t = 2.38, P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the cutoff value of EV numbers in individuals with elevated serum TG levels (≧150 mg/dl) was identified (136,738 EVs/μl of plasma, P < 0.001, sensitivity 0.842, false-positive rate of 0.257). Perilipin and asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 were detected on a part of isolated circulating EVs, indicating EV release from adipocytes and hepatocytes, which were related to lipid and glucose metabolism. Circulating EVs represent a promising metabolic biomarker for lipid and glucose metabolism and have potential for monitoring metabolic status in humans, including individuals without metabolic risk factors.

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