scholarly journals Open-Ended Coaxial Cable Selection for Measurement of Liquid Dielectric Properties via the Reflection Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jingchen Wang ◽  
Eng Gee Lim ◽  
Mark Paul Leach ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Ka Lok Man
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Liquid Dielectric ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Careful Choice ◽  
Selection For

An open-ended coaxial cable is used to measure the dielectric properties of lossy liquid. The method which is based on the measurement of the reflection coefficient of the open-ended cable makes it easy to operate and postprocess. To meet the accuracy requirements, the dimensions of the coaxial cable need to be taken into consideration; therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate coaxial cable for the measurement. This paper investigates the influence of cable dimensions on dielectric measurement accuracy. With careful choice of the coaxial cable, the relative error of calculated results can be less than 0.1%.

scholarly journals Correlation between Reflection Coefficient, Dielectric Properties and Brix Level of Malaysian Oranges at Microwave Frequencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafidah Rosman ◽  
Mohamad Ngasri Dimon ◽  
You Kok Yeow
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Microwave Technique ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents sweetness degree (°Brix) prediction of the Malaysian oranges using microwave technique. Experimental measurement using monopole sensor and reflectometer was done in order to correlate the relationship between measured reflection coefficient, <em>S</em><sub>11</sub>  of the orange and its sweetness level. Up to fifty orange samples were freshly plucked from local grower’s farm and tested. The unique design of the monopole sensor’s holder is made of nylon. The experiment test bed was set up based on the standard dimension of monopole sensor available in the market. The operating frequency is focusing on 2.2 GHz as it shows significant sensitivity for determining Malaysian local oranges sweetness level.

scholarly journals Experimental Reflection Evaluation for Attitude Monitoring of Space Orbiting Systems with NRL Arch Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8632
Author(s):  
Andrea Delfini ◽  
Roberto Pastore ◽  
Fabrizio Piergentili ◽  
Fabio Santoni ◽  
Mario Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Static Reflection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Orbiting Systems ◽  
Tracking Objects

The increasing number of satellites orbiting around Earth has led to an uncontrolled increase in objects within the orbital environment. Since the beginning of the space age on 4 October 1957 (launch of Sputnik I), there have been more than 4900 space launches, leading to over 18,000 satellites and ground-trackable objects currently orbiting the Earth. For each satellite launched, several other objects are also sent into orbit, including rocket upper stages, instrument covers, and so on. Having a reliable system for tracking objects and satellites and monitoring their attitude is at present a mandatory challenge in order to prevent dangerous collisions and an increase in space debris. In this paper, the evaluation of the reflection coefficient of different shaped objects has been carried out by means of the bi-static reflection method, also known as NRL arch measurement, in order to evaluate their visibility and attitude in a wide range of frequencies (12–18 GHz). The test campaign aims to correlate the experimental measures with the hypothetical reflection properties of orbiting systems.

Dielectric Measurement Of Multi-Layered Medium Using An Open-Ended Waveguide

1996 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tantot ◽  
M. Chatard-Moulin ◽  
P. Guillon
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Complex Permittivity ◽  
Layered Medium ◽  
Circular Waveguide ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Microwave Measurement ◽  
Measurement Devices

AbstractThe use of a circular waveguide radiating into a multi-layered media allows the characterization of heterogeneous and fluid subtances. Many microwave measurement devices, based on reflection coefficient measurements, are subjected to air gap problems that introduce some inaccuracy in the determination of the unknown complex permittivity of the materials. Our purpose is to try and take the air gap into account in these measurements.

Use of multi-length TDR data aimed to infer the dispersion law of nonmagnetic materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Farhat ◽  
Raffaele Persico ◽  
Lourdes Farrugia ◽  
Charles Sammut
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dispersion Law ◽  
Near Surface Geophysics

&lt;p&gt;This contribution presents a method of multi-length transmission lines, filled with or embedded in the material under test (MUT), based on time domain reflectometry (TDR), to measure the dispersion law of a nonmagnetic material. This approach is essential and can be exploited in both radiofrequency and microwave applications. The proposed technique expands on studies presented in [1-2], where dielectric, magnetic and conductive losses are accounted for by the complex relative permittivity and permeability of the MUT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many materials of interest in geophysical [3-4] and biomedical [5-6] applications are non-magnetic but preliminary measurements with the proposed technique can help to determine if the MUT indeed has magnetic properties. Moreover, it is shown that establishing the non-magnetic nature of the MUT constitutes meaningful a-priori information that allows disambiguating experimental results, even with limited data in the frequency range of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results relative to two different types of multi-length measurement data, namely data acquired by considering different lengths of a TDR probe entirely embedded in (or embedding) the MUT and data achieved from a sequential progressive embedding of the probe in the MUT (or, vice-versa, of the MUT in the probe) are presented to illustrate the method. The pros and cons of presented cases are also discussed. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work is supported by the European Cost Action &amp;#8220;Mywave&amp;#8221; CA17115.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] R. Persico, M. Pieraccini, Measurement of dielectric and magnetic properties of Materials by means of a TDR probe, Near Surface Geophysics, vol. 16, n.2, pp.1-9, DOI:10.3997/1873-0604.2017046, 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] R. Persico, I. Farhat, L. Farrugia, S. d&amp;#8217;Amico, C. Sammut, An innovative use of TDR probes: First numerical validations with a coaxial cable, Journal of Environmental &amp; Engineering Geophysics, doi.org/10.2113/JEEG23.4.437, 23 (4): 437-442, 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] R. Pierri, G. Leone, F. Soldovieri, R. Persico, &quot;Electromagnetic inversion for subsurface applications under the distorted Born approximation&quot; Nuovo Cimento, vol. 24C, N. 2, pp 245-261, March-April 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4] R. Persico, M. Ciminale, L. Matera, A new reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR system, possibilities and issues; applications to two different Cultural Heritage Resources, Near Surface Geophysics, vol. 12, n. 6, pp. 793-801 (doi: 10.3997/1873-0604.2014035), December 2014.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[5] R. Pethig, &quot;Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials: Biophysical and Medical Applications,&quot; in&amp;#160;IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, vol. EI-19, no. 5, pp. 453-474, Oct. 1984.&lt;br&gt;doi: 10.1109/TEI.1984.298769&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;[6] C. Gabriel,&amp;#160;S. Gabriel&amp;#160;and&amp;#160;E Corthout, &amp;#8220;The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey,&amp;#8221; Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 2231-2249, Nov. 1996.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Rare Earth Gadolinium Substitution on the Structural, Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Lead Free BNT Ceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayeta Pal ◽  
R.K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Single Phase Formation ◽  
Rhombohedral Symmetry

Piezoelectric materials have wide applications in today’s advanced technologies. However, most commercially used piezoelectric material PZT (PbZr1-xTixO3) is now strictly restricted worldwide due to hazardous nature of Pb. Research for the development of new lead free materials with properties comparable to that of PZT is in progress in recent years. In the present work, an effort has been made to synthesize low amount of rare earth gadolinium modified (Bi1-xGdx)0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BGNT) with compositions (x) = 0, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 by a novel Semi–Wet Technique. The structural, microstructure, phase transition and dielectric properties have been investigated. The XRD patterns have shown single phase formation for all the samples with a rhombohedral symmetry at RT. Gd3+ doping has shown a significant effect on the grain growth. The dielectric measurement has been carried out over the temperature range from RT to 400 oC at 1, 10 and 100 kHz frequency. It has been observed from the εr vs T plots that two phase transitions (i) ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and (ii) anti ferroelectric to paraelectric occur in all the samples. The composition with x = 0.02 has shown significantly high value of dielectric constant (εr ~ 1567) and low value of dielectric loss (Tan δ ~ 0.043) at room temperature.

scholarly journals THE MODELLING STUDY OF AREA MEASUREMENT ACCURACY USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
M A Kupriaynov ◽  
G A Kochergin ◽  
Y M Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Modelling Study

Based on the simulation, a relationship was established between the spatial resolution of the satellite image and the relative error in determining the area of the object being measured. The formula is proposed for calculating the relative error of measuring the area of an object using remote sensing techniques. A method for constructing random flat geometric figures with a given shape factor is proposed.

Demonstration of dielectric measurement using a probe-backside reflection method up to 300 GHz

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (SL) ◽  
pp. SLLE02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Sakamaki ◽  
Masahiro Horibe ◽  
Manabu Yoshida ◽  
Takaaki Tsurumi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Reflection Method
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