scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Profiles of the Methanol Extract of Lycopersicon esculentum L. Leaves (Tomato), a Botanical with Promising In Vitro Anticancer Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gaëlle S. Nguenang ◽  
Arsène S. M. Ntyam ◽  
Victor Kuete
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Tomato Extract ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) is a plant widely used in Africa like food and to solve many health problems. The methanol crude extract of tomato recently demonstrated a good antiproliferative effect on many human cancer cell lines. The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of methanolic extract from leaves of this plant. These toxicities were evaluated based on the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The assay of acute toxicity was performed using a total of 3 female rats, which received a single dose of 5000 mg/kg of methanolic extract via oral gavage. For the subacute toxicity study, 32 Wistar rats (males and females) were used. The groups were treated with three different doses of Lycopersicon esculentum methanolic extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days and the control group received distilled water. The hematological, biochemical, and histopathological studies were performed after the sacrifice. Single dose of tomato extract caused no toxicity up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight; hence, the median lethal dose (DL50) of leaves of this plant was greater than this value. However, lower toxic effects could be manifested in the long-term treatment at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) because urea level and total serum proteins significantly increased at a dose of 1000 mg/kg with respect to control. The microscopic observation showed no remarkable pathological changes on all organs in the treated groups compared with the control groups of female and male rats. These results demonstrate that single dose of tomato extract leaves is relatively nontoxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. and prolonged use of lower doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of L. esculentum orally should be encouraged, whereas highest dose (1000 mg/kg) should be avoided.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of an aqueous extract of Crotalaria retusa (Fabaceae) in Swiss mice and Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Lane Adrien GOH BI ◽  
Noel Kouame TOTO ◽  
Ouga Stanislas ZAHOUI ◽  
Yomalan KASSI ◽  
Semi Anthelme NENE Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The present study is a contribution to the enhancement of Ivorian traditional medicine, by carrying out bio-tolerance tests of an aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Crotalaria retusa (EACr) in mice and rats according to the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407, respectively. The doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of the extract were used for acute toxicity. For subacute toxicity which lasted 28 days, doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW have been used. The administration of the single doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW of EACr did not provoke death in female mice in the acute toxicity setting. For subacute toxicity in rats (male and female), the administration of repetitive doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW of EACr over a period of 28 days did not cause death in these animals. In females, these doses caused weight loss and a decrease in platelets. The extract reduced the activity of AST in both sexes of rats. The findings also showed that this extract would possess a nephroprotective property in male and female rats. Keywords: Crotalaria retusa, Acute and subacute toxicities, Wistar rat, Swiss mice

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

Evaluation of acute and sub acute hepatotoxic activity of Trichodesma indicum aqueous methanolic extract in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Nadia Perveen ◽  
Khwaja Zafar Ahmed ◽  
Tehseen Irshad ◽  
Nayab Latif ◽  
Zainab Kaleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Objective: Present study was carried out to evaluate acute and subacute hepatotoxicity of Trichodesma indicum (whole plant). Methods: Toxicity study of Trichodesma indicum was carried out in Swiss mice after ingestion of the aqueous methanolic extract, during one day (acute toxicity) and after fifteen days (subacute toxicity). Results: The results showed that the LD50 of the extract was higher than 4000 mg/kg and subacute treatment showed no change in weight of the liver and ALT, ALP, AST, no marked effect on bilirubin, albumin, protein decreased and globulin values increased significantly. Histopathological studies also showed necrosis and excessive vacuolation in maximum dose. Conclusion: So, the extract showed a ladder like dose related hepatotoxicity. This showed that liver function showed mild injury by Trichodesma indicum in this study.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study of Methanolic Extract of ceiba pentandra (Linn.) Gaertn. on Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gandhare ◽  
S. Kavimani ◽  
B. Rajkapoor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
Oral Doses

The purpose of toxicity testing is to provide adequate database to make decisions concerning the toxicology properties of chemical and commercial products. In some situations, the purpose is to decide whether a material will be safe. Under the conditions of expected use in other situations, the objective is to establish the safe limits in condition of use. The methanolic extract of ceiba pentandra was evaluated for acute and subacute toxicity in adult Wistar rats. For the study of acute toxicity, the methanol extract of roots of C. pentandra (MCP) was given separately in various doses (50, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) by oral route. The results showed no signs of toxicity such as general behavior change, mortality, or change in gross appearance of internal organs. Subacute toxicity was studied by daily oral doses 100, 400 and 750 mg/kg (low dose, intermediate dose and high dose) orally for 28 days. The results showed no abnormalities in treated groups as compared to the controls. Although significantly different, all of the values were within normal limits. Neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed.Keywords: Acute toxicity; Subacute toxicity; ceiba pentandra.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.11800        J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 315-324 (2013)

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Aerial Parts of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f in Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 13952-13961
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Clerodendrum is a genus of about 500 species belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Several species of this genus have been proved for the treatment of various diseases. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f were selected in this study; according to the literature available, there is no systematic toxicity studies for this plant were described. The current study was therefore carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity in mice and rats. The acute oral toxicity study was performed in mice following OECD guidelines 425, and the sub-acute toxicity was performed in male and female rats following OECD guidelines 407. The results showed that mice given a single dose of up to 2000 mg/kg orally did not show any toxicity signs or mortality. In the sub-acute toxicity analysis in rats, 3 specific daily doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg for 28 days did not induce any major changes to the hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological studies revealed normal architecture that did not indicate any morphological disturbances. In our study, no deaths or any signs of toxicity were found in acute and subacute toxicity studies after oral administration according to OECD guidelines, which concluded that ethyl acetate extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf (EACT) could use for in vivo biological activity studies in laboratory animals to explore its various medicinal activity before study in human subjects.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Oxalis barrelieri (Oxalidaceae) Aqueous Aerial Parts Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Mezui ◽  
André Perfusion Amang ◽  
Rigobert Espoir Ayissi Mbomo ◽  
Mimosette Mesmine Kuissu Teukam ◽  
Merveille-Celeste Lontsi-Nolah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Physiology Laboratory

Aims: The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of the Oxalis barrelieri aqueous aerial parts extract. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences (Animal Physiology Laboratory), Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I. Between April 2017 and June 2018. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity using a single dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered to mice and effects were observed for 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity, the experimental rats (males and females) received aqueous extract of Oxalis barrelieri at doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg daily for 28 days while the control and satellite control groups received distilled water and satellite test group received extract at the dose of 800 mg/kg. The physical parameters were evaluated throughout the treatment, while the haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were evaluated at the end of the treatment. Results: In acute toxicity, the results obtained show no death and no significant variation (p>0.05) in behavioral and morphological parameters. In sub-acute toxicity assay, few modifications were observed in haematological and biochemical parameters. At the higher dose of extract (800 mg/kg),the rate of red blood cells decreased significantly (p<0.05) two weeks after treatment in male rats , there were a significant increase (P˂0.001) in ASAT activity in male and female rats two weeks after extract administration, and a reversible significant increase (P˂0.05) in triglyceride level in male rats only. Histopathology showed a reversible slight dose dependent structural alteration of the kidney and reversible vascular congestion in liver. Conclusion:  The aqueous aerial parts extract of Oxalis barrelieri could possess moderate toxicity at high doses and adequate caution should be exercised in its use in ethnomedicine.

Evaluation of the hepatotoxic potential of Tinospora crispa and its isolated borapetosides B, C and F in a murine model

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (07) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
Abidah Parveen ◽  
Mir Tahir Maqbool ◽  
Yan-Hong Wang ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Ikhlas A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
The Given

AbstractThe hepatotoxic potential of the methanolic extract of the stems of Tinospora crispa and of its furano-diterpenoid–borapetosides B, C, and F–was investigated in normal and health-compromised mice. Health-compromised condition was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (6 mg/kg). Two different sets of experiments were conducted to evaluate the hepatotoxic potential. A 21-day study where the mice were dosed with the extract of T. crispa (1 gm/kg b. wt./day) or standardized combination of borapetosides B, C and F (500 mg/kg b. wt.) with or without a single dose of LPS (1 gm/kg b. wt./day). In the acute toxicity study, mice were dosed with borapetosides B, C, and F (500 mg/kg b. wt.). Results showed that the ALT levels were normal and liver histopathology unaltered. No conclusive hepatotoxicity was observed in the methanolic extract or pure compounds tested under the given experimental conditions.

Subacute co-exposure to low doses of ruthenium(III) changes the distribution, excretion and biological effects of silver ions in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Vedeanu ◽  
Cezara Voica ◽  
Dana Alina Magdas ◽  
Bela Kiss ◽  
Maria-Georgia Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Environmental contextAlthough ruthenium is a technology-critical element used in several new industries, little is known about its environmental impact or possible human health risks. We report a toxicological evaluation of laboratory animals during co-exposure to ruthenium and silver. We identified interactions between the two elements that could lead to unwanted biological effects. AbstractRuthenium is one of the rarest metals on Earth that is classified as a technology-critical element (TCE). Silver, however, is well known for its antibacterial and immunostimulant properties. The increasing use of Ru and Ag in medicine and daily life makes simultaneous exposure possible, with unknown pharmacokinetic or toxicological consequences for the human organism. Thus, the present study investigated the influence of co-exposure to RuIII on the subacute toxicity of Ag ions in rats after repeated daily administration for 28 days of low doses by oral gavage. The subacute toxicity was investigated by the evaluation of several biochemical and hematological parameters, evaluation of specific oxidative stress biomarkers from liver and kidney, and histopathological investigation of liver and kidney tissue samples after 28 days of exposure in female rats. In addition, Ag and Ru concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in urine, liver and kidney parenchyma in male rats. The obtained results showed that co-exposure to low doses of RuIII and Ag did not produce any significant biochemical, hematological or histopathological alterations in the treated female rat groups, except for an increased red cell distribution width (RDW) value. A decrease of urinary excretion of Ag and of the Ag concentration in kidneys was observed in the male rat group co-exposed to RuIII and Ag. This is the first invivo study investigating the toxic effect of co-exposure to low doses of Ag and Ru ions, and the obtained results may justify further research on this subject, mainly on the investigation of possible competitive mechanisms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract from the Fruit of Solanum indicum Linn. (Solanaceae) in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nadine Joissy Epoh ◽  
Olivette Laure Matafack Dongmo ◽  
Herve Tchoumbou Tadjoua ◽  
Félicité Mbiapo Tchouanguep ◽  
Phelix Bruno Telefo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Solanum Indicum

Aim: The fruit of Solanum indicum Linn have been reported traditionally to have anti-hypertensive and diuretic properties. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicological potential of S. indicum fruits aqueous extract through the acute and sub-acute toxicity tests in rats. Methodology: For acute toxicity evaluation, a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of the plant extract was administrated in 60 days old female albino Wistar rats. Then, the animals were observed for 14 days. Sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted with 50 adult rats of both gender that orally received during 28 days, increasing doses of the plant extract. Their body weight and food intake were weekly collected. At the end of the experiment, biochemical and hematological parameters as well as histological analysis of organs (liver, kidneys and spleen) were undertaken. Results: Single oral administration of 5000 mg/kg dose of the fruit plant aqueous extract produced no mortality or signs of toxicity. During sub-acute test, no variations in body weight and food intake of both animals gender were observed. An important decrease in male’s rat liver weight were obtained at the dose 25 mg/kg; serum urea, total cholesterol, TAG, ALP and AST levels were significantly lowered in male especially at the dose 50 mg/kg, but this decrease was noticed only in serum urea, ALP and ALT in female rats. Furthermore, a significant decrease in platelets number, serum PCT, MPV and PDW levels were recorded in all treated male rats except those receiving the highest extract dose. No structural changes in treated animal organs section histology were observed when compared to controls. Conclusion: The fruits aqueous extracts of S. indicum is safe when administered acutely and for 28 days in rats. However, alterations on their hematological and biochemical parameters were not closely related with the dose, implying caution on its use.

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