scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Acupuncture Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Neural Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Huiling Tang ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Yadan Zhao ◽  
Songtao Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cellular Signal ◽  
Structural Event

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a structural event with devastating consequences worldwide. Due to the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the spinal cord in adults, the neural restoration after SCI is difficult. Acupuncture is effective for SCI-induced neurologic deficits, and the potential mechanisms responsible for its effects involve neural protection by the inhibition of inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis. Moreover, acupuncture promotes neural regeneration and axon sprouting by activating multiple cellular signal transduction pathways, such as the Wnt, Notch, and Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathways. Several studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of combining acupuncture with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is superior to either procedure alone. The advantage of the combined treatment is dependent on the ability of acupuncture to enhance the survival of MSCs, promote their differentiation into neurons, and facilitate targeted migration of MSCs to the spinal cord. Additionally, the differentiation of MSCs into neurons overcomes the problem of the shortage of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the acupuncture-treated SCI patients. Therefore, the combination of acupuncture and MSCs transplantation could become a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of SCI. Such a possibility needs to be verified by basic and clinical research.

scholarly journals The Potential for Cellular Therapy Combined with Growth Factors in Spinal Cord Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Rosner ◽  
Pablo Avalos ◽  
Frank Acosta ◽  
John Liu ◽  
Doniel Drazin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Cord Injury

Any traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause symptoms ranging from pain to complete loss of motor and sensory functions below the level of the injury. Currently, there are over 2 million SCI patients worldwide. The cost of their necessary continuing care creates a burden for the patient, their families, and society. Presently, few SCI treatments are available and none have facilitated neural regeneration and/or significant functional improvement. Research is being conducted in the following areas: pathophysiology, cellular therapies (Schwann cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells), growth factors (BDNF), inhibitory molecules (NG2, myelin protein), and combination therapies (cell grafts and neurotrophins, cotransplantation). Results are often limited because of the inhibitory environment created following the injury and the limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system. Therapies that show promise in small animal models may not transfer to nonhuman primates and humans. None of the research has resulted in remarkable improvement, but many areas show promise. Studies have suggested that a combination of therapies may enhance results and may be more effective than a single therapy. This paper reviews and discusses the most promising new SCI research including combination therapies.

scholarly journals Effects of Transplanted Heparin-Poloxamer Hydrogel Combining Dental Pulp Stem Cells and bFGF on Spinal Cord Injury Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Luo ◽  
Abdullkhaleg Ali Albashari ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Yanni Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of serious traumatic diseases of the central nervous system and has no effective treatment because of its complicated pathophysiology. Tissue engineering strategy which contains scaffolds, cells, and growth factors can provide a promising treatment for SCI. Hydrogel that has 3D network structure and biomimetic microenvironment can support cellular growth and embed biological macromolecules for sustaining release. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), derived from cranial neural crest, possess mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics and have an ability to provide neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties for SCI treatment. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is able to promote cell survival and proliferation and also has beneficial effect on neural regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Herein, a thermosensitive heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel containing DPSCs and bFGF was prepared, and the effects of HP-bFGF-DPSCs on neuron restoration after SCI were evaluated by functional recovery tests, western blotting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology evaluation, and immunohistochemistry. The results suggested that transplanted HP hydrogel containing DPSCs and bFGF had a significant impact on spinal cord repair and regeneration and may provide a promising strategy for neuron repair, functional recovery, and tissue regeneration after SCI.

Enhanced Neural Regeneration with a Concomitant Treatment of Framework Nucleic Acid and Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2095-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Ma ◽  
Yuxi Zhan ◽  
Yuxin Zhang ◽  
Xueping Xie ◽  
Chenchen Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Trends of Chitosan Based Delivery Systems in Neuroregeneration and Functional Recovery in Spinal Cord Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-537
Author(s):  
Mallesh Kurakula ◽  
Shashank Gorityala ◽  
Devang B. Patel ◽  
Pratap Basim ◽  
Bhaumik Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Injury Repair ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most complicated nervous system injuries with challenging treatment and recovery. Regenerative biomaterials such as chitosan are being reported for their wide use in filling the cavities, deliver curative drugs, and also provide adsorption sites for transplanted stem cells. Biomaterial scaffolds utilizing chitosan have shown certain therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury repair with some limitations. Chitosan-based delivery in stem cell transplantation is another strategy that has shown decent success. Stem cells can be directed to differentiate into neurons or glia in vitro. Stem cell-based therapy, biopolymer chitosan delivery strategies, and scaffold-based therapeutic strategies have been advancing as a combinatorial approach for spinal cord injury repair. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the treatment strategies of SCI due to the use of bioactivity of chitosan-based drug delivery systems. An emphasis on the role of chitosan in neural regeneration has also been highlighted.

scholarly journals Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pre-Clinical Models of Spinal Cord Injury

Paraplegia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunel Guliyeva ◽  
Ricardo A. Torres Guzman ◽  
Francisco R. Avila Verduzco ◽  
Oluwasen O. Akinduro ◽  
Hugo Guerrero-Cazares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
No Gold Standard

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that causes disruption of sensorimotor function below the site of injury. Current management is based on surgical decompression of the neural tissue and pharmacotherapy; however, there is no gold standard treatment readily available for patients in the clinic. This indicates that novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment are still needed in the clinical setting. There are several alternatives that are currently under investigation for the treatment of this disease, with increasing focus in regenerative medicine treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising candidates for stem cell therapy in SCI, as they are easily obtained, have high safety profiles, and help with neural regeneration in SCI mainly via release of trophic factors, neovascularization, and immunomodulation. In this work, authors provide an insight of the available MSC for neural regeneration, their therapeutic role, and the potential MSC-based therapies for SCI.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972198926
Author(s):  
Liyi Huang ◽  
Chenying Fu ◽  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Chengqi He ◽  
Quan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in direct and indirect damage to neural tissues, which results in motor and sensory dysfunction, dystonia, and pathological reflex that ultimately lead to paraplegia or tetraplegia. A loss of cells, axon regeneration failure, and time-sensitive pathophysiology make tissue repair difficult. Despite various medical developments, there are currently no effective regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for SCI due to its multiple targets and reactivity benefits. The present review focuses on SCI stem cell therapy, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. Each cell type targets certain features of SCI pathology and shows therapeutic effects via cell replacement, nutritional support, scaffolds, and immunomodulation mechanisms. However, many preclinical studies and a growing number of clinical trials found that single-cell treatments had only limited benefits for SCI. SCI damage is multifaceted, and there is a growing consensus that a combined treatment is needed.

Stem Cell Transplantation: A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Gong ◽  
Kaishun Xia ◽  
Ankai Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Chenggui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes irreversible functional loss of the affected population. The incidence of SCI keeps increasing, resulting in huge burden on the society. The pathogenesis of SCI involves neuron death and exotic reaction, which could impede neuron regeneration. In clinic, the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI is a major problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of stem cells such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) /Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential for SCI. However, the efficacy and safety of these stem cellbased therapy for SCI remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of SCI, summarize the current status of the application of these stem cells in SCI repair, and discuss possible mechanisms responsible for functional recovery of SCI after stem cell transplantation. Finally, we highlight several areas for further exploitation of stem cells as a promising regenerative therapy of SCI.

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