scholarly journals An In Vitro Evaluation Study of the Geometric Changes of Root Canal Preparation and the Quality of Endodontic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Svetlana Razumova ◽  
Anzhela Brago ◽  
Ammar Howijieh ◽  
Haydar Barakat ◽  
Ashot Manvelyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Geometric Changes

Introduction. The geometry of root canals differs in different parts, especially in the apical region, and it is affected by different preparation techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geometric changes of root canal preparation by general dentists regardless of the endodontic instrumentation systems and to study the quality of endodontic treatment by evaluating the untouched areas after mechanical preparation and the smear layer removal. Materials and Methods. 100 extracted maxillary canines were collected for the in vitro study from 10 dentists, and the dentists were asked to treat the teeth endodontically. The teeth then were separated and examined under an optical microscope to evaluate the root canal final diameter and the untouched areas. Then, the teeth were examined under a scanned electronic microscope to evaluate the smear layer in coronal, middle, and third parts of the canal. Statistical significance was set as P<0.05. Results. The mean diameter of the root canal after instrumentation in the coronal and middle thirds was 2.50 ± 1.12 and 1.75 ± 1.24 mm, respectively, and the untouched area percentage observed in the apical thirds was 71%. For smear layer removal, it was better in the coronal and middle thirds than in the apical (P<0.05). Conclusion. The changes in the diameter of the root canal, the percentage of untouched areas after mechanical preparation, and the percentage of smear layer were observed in a higher percent in the apical third than in the coronal and middle thirds, and this raises the question of changing the technique of processing the root canal, especially in the apical third.

scholarly journals The effect of pH of the sodium hypochlorite on smear layer removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Branislav Karadzic ◽  
Nina Dimitrijevic ◽  
Dragica Manojlovic ◽  
Tomislav Trisovic
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Ph Values

Introduction. Canal irrigation is an important segment of endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of 0.5% NaOCl solutions of different pH values on smear layer removal. Material and Methods. Thirty-two freshly extracted single rooted teeth with gangrenous pulp were used in the study. The samples were divided into four groups of eight teeth in each. Four solutions of 0.5% NaOCl having pH values 5, 7, 9 and 12 respectively, were used during chemomechanical instrumentation with hand instruments and using step back technique. SEM analysis was done to assess the quality of smear layer removal in apical, middle and coronal part of root canal. Presence and quantity of smear layer and detritus was quantified using the scale from 1 to 5. Results. SEM analysis results showed similar results for 0.5% NaOCl solutions of different pH values in root canal cleaning with no statistically significant differences. Conclusion. The most effective cleaning root canal was achieved with 0.5% NaOCl solution of pH 5.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Different Endodontic Irrigating Protocols In Smear Layer Removal From Radicular Dentin

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ramona Vlad ◽  
Monika Kovacs ◽  
Dragos Sita ◽  
Mihai Pop
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
System Data ◽  
Root Canal Dentin ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of our study was to measure the cleaning efficiency of irrigating solutions used during endodontic treatment regarding smear layer removal from the root canal dentin walls. Ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17%, citric acid (CA) 10% and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2,5 % solutions were tested as final irrigating solutions. The study was conducted on extracted teeth, divided in four groups according to the irrigation protocol used. The specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the amount of smear layer present at apical, middle and coronal level was recorded, based on a scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. In the coronal and middle segments of dental roots we noticed no statistically significant difference between EDTA and CA in smear layer removing capacity. Final irrigation with 17% EDTA proved to be more efficient than 10% CA and 2,5% NaOCl in smear layer removal at apical level of the root canal, with p<0.05 (p=0.042), which is an important area for disinfection in endodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Layer Removal Efficacy Of Two Different Herbal Irrigants – An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
A Sheerin Sarthaj ◽  
S Maria Antony
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

INTRODUCTION: Irrigation during root canal therapy is especially needed for teeth with complex internal anatomy. Biomechanical preparation of root canal produces "smear layer" which gets embedded with debris and microorganisms. The major side effects of these widely used chemical irrigants such as Sodium hypochlorite for antibacterial efficacy and EDTA for smear layer removal has led to the search of a more biocompatible irrigant.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Azadirachta indica(neem) and Ocimum sanctum(tulsi) extract were used in this study as herbal irrigants to evaluate the above mentioned properties by the q PCR method and SEM analysis.RESULTS: In antimicrobial efficacy, the Mean value of NaOcl showed higher antimicrobial efficacy followed by Neem leaf extract and the lower antimicrobial efficacy was recorded with Tulsi extract. Similarly, the mean smear layer removal by different irrigants at different root levels, EDTA showed the maximum smear layer removal, followed by Neem leaf extract and Tulsi extract showed the least smear layer removal. Hence Tulsi has poor smear layer removal efficacy and comparable antimicrobial efficacy when compared with Neem extractSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to compare the mean of the groups. The post- hoc test (Tukey) was performed to find the interrelationship between different groups for significant difference (P < 0.05; confidence interval 95%).CONCLUSION: From this study, these two herbal irrigants are proved to be safe and effective. It can be concluded that neem leaf extract has a significant antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and significant smear layer removal efficacy compared to 17% EDTA.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal by Using Four Different Irrigation Solutions like Root Canal Irrigants: An In Vitro SEM Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Saurabh Mankeliya ◽  
Neha Jaiswal ◽  
Rajnish K Singhal ◽  
Anushri Gupta ◽  
Vivek K Pathak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Sem Study

scholarly journals Effect of different irrigating solutions with surfactants on the microhardness and smear layer removal of root canal dentin: An in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Shivani Dhawan ◽  
Rajan Dhawan ◽  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
JaidevSingh Dhillon ◽  
Tamanna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

scholarly journals Endodontic retreatment due to secondary periapical injury: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
Monica Soares de Albuquerque ◽  
Armiliana Soares Nascimento ◽  
Cácio Lopes Mendes ◽  
Leonardo José Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Marília de Lima Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment

Pulp diseases commonly happens because of the actions of bacteriological factors and show their characteristic signs and symptoms over the time. With pulp necrosis, a degenerative process starts and when there is no early treatment, it is possible to occur periapical lesions as a result of aggression to the pulp. In cases of periapical secondary lesions, clinical signs and symptoms persist and are related to secondary infection due to persistent bacterial contamination, also to operative factors, inadequate obturation or poor coronary restoration. This study aimed to report a case of endodontic retreatment and clinical and radiographic follow-up for 8 years, of chronic periapical abscess case, in which after retreatment, clinical signs and symptoms are no longer observed and bone neoformation is noticed. Descriptors: Periapical Diseases; Endodontics; Periapical Abscess. Referências Alani AH. Endodontic treatment of bilaterally occurring four-rooted maxillary second molars: case report. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003;69(11):733–35. Slowey RR. Radiographic aids in the detection of extra root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974;37(5):762-72 Bergenholtz G, Malmcrona E, Milthon R. Endodontic treatment and periapical status I. Radiographic evaluation of the frequency of endodontically treated teeth. Tandl€akartidningen. 1973; 65:64–73 (In Swedish, English summary). Buckley M, Spangberg LS. The prevalence and technical quality of endodontic treatment in an American subpopulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79(1):92–100. Saunders WP, Saunders EM, Sadiq J, Cruickshank E. Technical standard of root canal treatment in an adult Scottish sub-population. Br Dent J. 1997;182(10):382-86. Segura-Egea JJ, Jimenez-Pinzon A, Poyato-Ferrera M, Velasco-Ortega E, Rios-Santos JV. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in an adult Spanish population. Int Endod J. 2004;37(8):525-30. Kabak Y, Abbott PV. Prevalence of apical  periodontitis and the quality of endodontic treatment in an adult Belarusian population. Int Endod J. 2005;38(4):238-45. Glickman GN. AAE consensus conference on diagnostic terminology: background and perspectives. J Endod. 2009;35:1619. Gutmann JL, Harrison JW. Surgical endodontics: an online study guide. Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991. Molven O, Halse A, Grung B. Incomplete healing (scar tissue) after periapical surgery - radiographic findings 8 to 12 years after treatment. J Endod. 1996;22(5):264-68. Macedo, IL Retratamento endodôntico: opção terapêutica do insucesso endodôntico. BJHR. 2018;1(2):421-31. Souza VC et al. Tratamento do insucesso endodôntico. Rev Odontol Bras Central. 2018; 27:44-48. Bender IB, Seltzer S, Soltanoff W. Endodontic success – a reappraisal of criteria. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1966; 22(6):790–802. Rubinstein R A, Kim S. Long-term follow-up of cases considered healed one year after apical microsurgery. J Endod. 2002; 28(5):378-83. Estrela C et al. Characterization of successful root canal treatment. Braz Dent J. 2014; 25(1):3-11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302356 Kaled GH et al. Retratamento endodôntico: análise comparativa da efetividade da remoção da obturação dos canais radiculares realizada por três métodos. RGO, Rev. gaúch. odontol. (Online). 2011;59(1):103-8. Rossi-Fedele G, Ahmed HMA. Assessment of rootcanal filling removal effectiveness using micro–computedtomography: a systematic review. J Endod. 2017;43(4):520-26 Barbosa SV, Burkhard DH, Spanberg LSV. Cytotoxic effects of gutta-percha solvents. J Endod. 1994; 20(1):6-8. Zakariasen KL, Brayton SM, Collinson DM. Efficient and effective root canal retreatment without chloroform. J Canad Dent Assoc. 1990; 56(6):509-12. Pecora JD, Spano JC, Barbin EL. In vitro study on the softening of gutta-percha cones in endodontic retreatment. Brazilian. Braz Dent Journal. 1993; 4(1): 43-7. Scelza MF et al. Comparative SEM evaluation of three solvents used in endodontic retreatment: an ex vivo study. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2008; 16(1):24-9. Marques da Silva B et al. Effectiveness of ProTaper, D-RaCe, and Mtwo retreatment files with and without supplementary instruments in the removal of root canal filling material. Int Endod J. 2012; 45(10):927-32 Song M1 et al. Analysis of the cause of failure in nonsurgical endodontic treatment by microscopic inspection during endodontic microsurgery. J Endod. 2011;37(11):1516-9. Albuquerque MS et al. Sealing Capacity of Bulk-fill Resin in Endodontically Treated Teeth. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2019; 20(3): 311-17 Zancan RF, Vivan RR, Lopes MRM et al. Antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxide pastes used as intracanal medication. J Endod. 2016. 42(12):1822-28. Buttler TK, Crawford JJ. The detoxifying effect of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on endotoxins. J Endod. 1982; 8(2):59-66. Foley DB, Weine FS, Hagen JC, deObarrio JJ. Effectiveness of selected irrigants in the elimination of bacteroides meloninogenicus from the root canal system: an in vitro study. J Endod. 1983; 9(6):236-41. Abou-Ran M, Oglesby SW. The effects of temperature, concentration and tissue type on the solvent ability of sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 1981; 7(8):376-7. Lee JK et al. Physicochemical Properties of Epoxy Resin-Based and Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2017; 1-8.  Kandemir DG, Caliskan MK. A prospective Ramdomized  Comparative Study of Cold Lateral Condensation Versus Core/Guta Percha in Teeth with Periapical Lesions. J Endod. 2016; 42(2):206-10 Karaman E, Keskin B, Inan U. Three-year clinical evaluation of class II posterior composite restorations placed with different techniques and flowable composite linings in endodontically treated teeth. Clin Oral Investig. 2017; 21(2):709-16.

scholarly journals Comparison of smear layer removal ability of different agitation system in the apical third of the root canal using SEM: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Zaighum Raza ◽  
◽  
Shiraz Pasha ◽  
Kusum Valli ◽  
VijayaLakshmi Yartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation

Introduction: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains gold standard as a result of its antimicrobial effect and tissue dissolution properties, but it has no effect on inorganic portion of smear layer. Thus the combination of NaOCl and EDTA has been proven to have the perfect ability in removal of both organic and inorganic debris. These irrigants when used with conventional syringe irrigation were unable to penetrate the apical portion of the root canal, so new activation devices have come in the market which claims to be effective in delivering the irrigant to the working length. Objective/Aim: This study evaluated and compared the efficacy of recently introduced irrigation activation devices EndoActivator, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and Laser on removal of smear layer from the apical third of instrumented root canal using Scanning electron microscope. Methods: Forty three single rooted teeth were prepared with the help of protaper files and divided into four groups. Group I: EDTA only, Group II: Endoactivator, Group III: Laser, Group IV: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). Three specimens were not treated with any smear layer removal protocol and were immediately sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The remaining 40 samples from 4 groups after treatment with different activation system were also sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Friedman’s test. Results: All the four groups removed smear layer and the laser showed best smear layer removing capability compared to other groups but was significant only with respect to control and group I (EDTA group without any activation) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, all the activation systems were able to remove the smear layer from the apical third of the root canal with laser showing the best result followed by Endoactivator and then PUI.

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