scholarly journals Reference Intervals of Total Testosterone in Adult Filipino Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Myrna Buenaluz‐Sedurante ◽  
Mark Isaiah K. Co ◽  
Daryl Jade T. Dagang ◽  
Racquel G. Bruno ◽  
Annie Jane N. Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Healthy Young Adult

Background. The reference range of total testosterone needs to be established locally as ethnic differences in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels may affect total testosterone levels. The aim of this study is to establish the reference intervals of total testosterone from healthy, young adult Filipino males. Methods. The study included 110 healthy, Filipino male volunteers aged 21–40, studying or working at the University of the Philippines Manila. Clinical history, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were obtained, and blood for total testosterone, SHBG, albumin, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and total cholesterol was collected. Free testosterone was calculated using Vermeulen’s formula. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of subjects for total testosterone were used as the normative range for Filipino men. Results. The reference range of total testosterone is 7.33–53.01 nmol/L. Conclusion. The present study derived reference ranges of total testosterone using data from apparently healthy, young adult men to support clinical services.

Biochemical reference intervals for sex hormones with a new AutoDelfia method in aged men

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seija Eskelinen ◽  
Tero Vahlberg ◽  
Raimo Isoaho ◽  
Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä ◽  
Kerttu Irjala
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hormone Binding

AbstractOur aim was to establish sex hormone reference intervals measured with a new AutoDelfia immunoassay method for aged men free of medication and/or conditions known to influence sex hormone levels.The reference population consisted of 466 individuals between 64 and 97 years (mean 72 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.9 kg/mBecause age correlated significantly with most sex hormones studied, we calculated reference intervals for three age groups (64–69, 70–74 and ≥75 years). In clinical practice, single ranges can be used for men aged 64 years or over for testosterone, estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with the AutoDelfia method. For free testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), separate reference intervals should be used for men aged 64–74 years and those aged 75 years or over. For sex hormone-binding globulin, two separate reference intervals by age (64–69 and ≥70 years) are also needed for aged men. LH and FSH reference ranges should be judged with caution, because they may be too high due to cases of subclinical hypogonadism included in the reference population.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:249–53.

scholarly journals SAT-LB5 Prevalence of Hypogonadism in Young Obese Males

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Halappanavar ◽  
Rajiv Pakhetra
Keyword(s):  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Ageing, obesity, and chronic illness are major factors affecting serum testosterone (T) levels in men.The magnitude of the impact of ageing on serum T levels is well established, for obesity this is less clear. Severe obesity may lead to isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Several explanations have been offered to clarify the presence of reduced T levels in obese men. One relates to the technique that is generally employed to measure serum androgen levels, i.e. measurement of total testosterone (TT) instead of free testosterone (FT). TT represents the sum of FT and T bound to albumin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). A profound reduction in SHBG level is commonly found in obese men, and this is a major factor causing a decrease in TT.Measurement of free testosterone levels may provide a more accurate assessment of androgen status than the (usually preferred) measurement of total testosterone in situations where SHBG levels are outside the reference range. However, reference ranges for free testosterone levels are not well established, especially in older men, and some have argued that the measurement of free testosterone levels merely reintroduces age in a covert form. This is a cross sectional study to estimate prevalence of hypogonadism in young obese males. In this study 147 young obese men participated, of which we confirmed low total testosterone (TT) levels in 35.37% of subjects with a p value of 0.06. Since only Total Testosterone was measured for categorizing subjects with or without hypogonadism, Free Testosterone measurement would be a better indicator for the diagnosis of hypogonadism as in cases where the total testosterone is borderline-low or when SHBG concentrations are abnormal. As such, the study is valuable in the context of the ongoing controversy as to whether testosterone treatment should be limited to men with classical hypogonadism, or be considered for appropriately selected men with functional hypogonadism as well. The principal findings are in general agreement with existing literature reporting correlation between levels of testosterone, body mass index and constitutional symptoms. However, this has never been shown before in context of Indian population. The present study was carried out at Armed Forces Medical College and Command Hospital, Pune between October 2017 to August 2019.We studied to see if there is association between testosterone levels and BMI. In our study we found no statistical association as the p value was 0.26 (>0.05)

Reproductive Endocrinology Reference Intervals for Transgender Women on Stable Hormone Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina N Greene ◽  
Robert L Schmidt ◽  
Gabrielle Winston McPherson ◽  
Jessica Rongitsch ◽  
Katherine L Imborek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Reproductive Endocrinology

Abstract Background Transgender women and nonbinary people seeking feminizing therapy are often prescribed estrogen as a gender-affirming hormone, which will alter their reproductive hormone axis. Testosterone, estradiol, and other reproductive hormones are commonly evaluated to assess therapy, but reference intervals specific to transgender women have not been established. The objective of this study was to derive reference intervals for commonly measured analytes related to reproductive endocrinology in a cohort of healthy gender nonconforming individuals on stable feminizing hormone therapy. Methods Healthy transgender individuals who had been prescribed estrogen (n = 93) for at least a year were recruited from internal medicine and primary care clinics that specialize in transgender medical care. Total testosterone and estradiol were measured using immunoassay and mass spectrometry; LH, FSH, sex hormone binding globulin, prolactin, progesterone, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured using immunoassay; free testosterone was calculated. Reference intervals (central 95%) were calculated according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results The distribution of results for transgender women was different than what would be expected from cisgender men or women across all measurements. Use of spironolactone was associated with changes in the result distribution of AMH, FSH, LH, and progesterone. Compared to liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), immunoassay was sufficient for the majority of estradiol and total testosterone measurements; free testosterone added little clinical value beyond total testosterone. Conclusion Reference intervals specific to transgender women should be applied when evaluating reproductive endocrine analytes. Spironolactone is a significant variable for result interpretation of some tests.

Sex-specific young adult reference ranges for sex hormone concentrations measured on the Siemens ADVIA Centaur/Geschlechtsspezifische Referenzbereiche für Sexualhormonkonzentrationen junger Erwachsener gemessen auf dem Siemens ADVIA Centaur

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Hannemann ◽  
Nele Friedrich ◽  
Christin Spielhagen ◽  
Matthias Nauck ◽  
Robin Haring
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Free Androgen Index

AbstractThe present study aims to determine reference ranges for sex hormone concentrations measured on the Siemens ADVIA CentaurThe study sample consisted of 1638 individuals (814 men and 824 women) aged 18–60 years with measured serum concentrations of total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Values for free testosterone (free T) and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. Sex- and age-specific (18 to <25, 25 to <35, 35 to <45, and ≥45 years) reference ranges for these sex hormones were determined using quantile regression models for each sex hormone separately.Sex hormone reference ranges were determined across each single year of age separately for men (TT: 5.60–29.58 nmol/L, SHBG: 17.65–73.64 nmol/L, DHEAS: 0.96–4.43 mg/L, free T: 0.10–0.51 nmol/L, and FAI: 15.04–70.37 nmol/L) and women (TT: 0.77–2.85 nmol/L, SHBG: 27.06–262.76 nmol/L, DHEAS: 0.50–3.15 mg/L, free T: 0.005–0.05 nmol/L, and FAI: 0.51–8.30 nmol/L), respectively.

scholarly journals Hypogonadism and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quiros-Roldan ◽  
T. Porcelli ◽  
L. C. Pezzaioli ◽  
M. Degli Antoni ◽  
S. Paghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Hypogonadism is frequent in HIV-infected men and might impact on metabolic and sexual health. Low testosterone results from either primary testicular damage, secondary hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, or from liver-derived sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) elevation, with consequent reduction of free testosterone. The relationship between liver fibrosis and hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is unknown. Aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and type of hypogonadism in a cohort of HIV-infected men and its relationship with liver fibrosis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study including 107 HIV-infected men (median age 54 years) with hypogonadal symptoms. Based on total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone, five categories were identified: eugonadism, primary, secondary, normogonadotropic and compensated hypogonadism. Estimates of liver fibrosis were performed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores. Results Hypogonadism was found in 32/107 patients (30.8%), with normogonadotropic (10/107, 9.3%) and compensated (17/107, 15.8%) being the most frequent forms. Patients with secondary/normogonadotropic hypogonadism had higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0001). Patients with compensated hypogonadism had longer HIV infection duration (p = 0.031), higher APRI (p = 0.035) and FIB-4 scores (p = 0.008), and higher HCV co-infection. Univariate analysis showed a direct significant correlation between APRI and TT (p = 0.006) and SHBG (p = 0.002), and between FIB-4 and SHBG (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that SHBG was independently associated with both liver fibrosis scores. Conclusion Overt and compensated hypogonadism are frequently observed among HIV-infected men. Whereas obesity is related to secondary hypogonadism, high SHBG levels, related to liver fibrosis degree and HCV co-infection, are responsible for compensated forms.

scholarly journals In men older than 70 years, total testosterone remains stable while free testosterone declines with age. The Health in Men Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu B Yeap ◽  
Osvaldo P Almeida ◽  
Zoë Hyde ◽  
Paul E Norman ◽  
S A Paul Chubb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Objective: An age-related decline in serum total and free testosterone concentration may contribute to ill health in men, but limited data are available for men > 70 years of age. We sought to determine the distribution and associations of reduced testosterone concentrations in older men. Design: The Health in Men Study is a community-representative prospective cohort investigation of 4263 men aged ≥ 70 years. Cross-sectional hormone data from 3645 men were analysed. Methods: Early morning sera were assayed for total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and LH. Free testosterone was calculated using the Vermeulen method. Results: Mean (± s.d.) serum total testosterone was 15.4 ± 5.6 nmol/l (444 ± 162 ng/dl), SHBG 42.4 ± 16.7 nmol/l and free testosterone 278 ± 96 pmol/l (8.01 ± 2.78 ng/dl). Total testosterone correlated with SHBG (Spearman’s r = 0.6, P < 0.0001). LH and SHBG increased with age (r = 0.2, P < 0.0001 for both). Instead of declining, total testosterone increased marginally (r = 0.04, P = 0.007) whilst free testosterone declined with age (r = −0.1, P < 0.0001). Free testosterone was inversely correlated with LH (r = −0.1, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, increasing age, body mass index (BMI) and LH were associated with lower free testosterone. Conclusions: In men aged 70–89 years, modulation of androgen action may occur via an age-related increase in SHBG and reduction in free testosterone without a decline in total testosterone concentration. Increasing age, BMI and LH are independently associated with lower free testosterone. Further investigation would be required to assess the clinical consequences of low serum free testosterone, particularly in older men in whom total testosterone may be preserved.

Ramifications of variability in sex hormone-binding globulin measurement by different immunoassays on the calculation of free testosterone

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Joanne Adaway ◽  
Brian Keevil ◽  
Annmarie Miller ◽  
Phillip J Monaghan ◽  
Nicola Merrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Result Interpretation ◽  
Abbott Architect

Objective Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein which binds hormones such as testosterone. Around 97% of circulating testosterone is bound to SHBG or albumin and is therefore biologically unavailable; 2–3% of testosterone is free. Free testosterone is very technically challenging to quantify; in order to circumvent this problem, equations using testosterone and SHBG are used to estimate free testosterone. We decided to determine the effect of using different SHBG immunoassays on calculated free testosterone results. Design Anonymized surplus serum samples were analysed for SHBG on four different immunoassay platforms (Abbott Architect, Roche, Beckman and Siemens). The SHBG results were used to generate a Vermeulen calculated free testosterone. Results Beckman Access and Siemens Centaur both gave results close to the overall mean. Roche gave the highest SHBG concentrations with Abbott Architect producing the lowest results. Abbott Architect gave the highest calculated free testosterone results, followed by Beckman. Roche gave the lowest results. Sixty-five per cent of male samples had low calculated free testosterone and 27.5% of the females had high calculated free testosterone using the SHBG from the Abbott assay compared with 69% low male calculated free testosterone and 20% high female calculated free testosterone with the Roche assay. Conclusion Our results have shown significant differences in SHBG results produced by different analysers and subsequently the calculated free testosterone, which may affect result interpretation if method-specific reference ranges for calculated free testosterone are not used. Care should be taken to ensure reference ranges are appropriate for the analyser used to avoid misdiagnosis of hypo or hyperandrogenism, and ensure patients get the most appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals The importance of SHBG and calculated free testosterone for the diagnosis of symptomatic hypogonadism in HIV-infected men: a single-centre real-life experience

Infection ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Chiara Pezzaioli ◽  
Eugenia Quiros-Roldan ◽  
Simone Paghera ◽  
Teresa Porcelli ◽  
Filippo Maffezzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Sexual Symptoms ◽  
Low Testosterone ◽  
Gonadal Status ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract Purpose The prevalence of low testosterone and symptoms of hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is still debated. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and type of hypogonadism in HIV-infected males complaining about sexual symptoms, and to evaluate the role of calculated free testosterone (cFT) vs total testosterone (TT) for diagnosis. Furthermore, we evaluated relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), gonadal status and clinical and virologic parameters. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 169 HIV-infected men with sexual symptoms, with TT available. Among them, we selected 94 patients with TT, SHBG, cFT, and luteinizing hormone (LH) available, and classified hypogonadism into overt (low TT and/or low cFT) and compensated (high LH, normal TT and cFT). Comparison was performed by non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation was calculated to verify the possible associations. Results Overt and compensated hypogonadism were found in 20.2% and 13.8% of patients, respectively. With reliance on TT alone, only 10.6% of patients would have met diagnosis. SHBG values were elevated in one third of patients, and higher in men with compensated hypogonadism. Significant positive correlation was found between SHBG and HIV infection duration, TT and LH. Conclusion Only a complete hormonal profile can properly diagnose and classify hypogonadism in HIV-infected men complaining about sexual symptoms. TT alone reliance may lead to half of diagnoses missing, while lack of gonadotropin prevents the identification of compensated hypogonadism. This largely comes from high SHBG, which seems to play a central role in the pathogenesis of hypogonadism in this population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document