scholarly journals Sorptive Removal of Color Dye Safranin O by Fibrous Clay Minerals and Zeolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ben Sieren ◽  
Jessica Baker ◽  
Xisen Wang ◽  
Samuel J. Rozzoni ◽  
Kristen Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Temperature Equilibrium ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Better Than

The increased use of color dyes in industry imposes a great threat to the environment. As such, developing cost-effective techniques for dye removal from wastewater attracted great attention. Earth materials, particularly those with large specific surface area (SSA) and high cation exchange capacity (CEC), were evaluated for their potential use for wastewater treatment. In this study, palygorskite, sepiolite, and clinoptilolite were evaluated for their removal of cationic dyes using safranin O (SO+) as a model compound. The CEC values of the materials played a key role in SO+ removal while other physicochemical conditions, such as temperature, equilibrium solution pH, and ionic strength, had less influence on SO+ removal. Sorbed SO+ cations were limited to the external surfaces of the minerals, as their channel sizes are less than the size of SO+ cation. Molecular dynamic simulations showed dense monolayer SO+ uptake on palygorskite due to its relatively large CEC value. In contrast, loosely packed monomer SO+ uptake was adopted on sepiolite for its large SSA and low CEC. Dense multilayers or admicelles of SO+ formed on zeolite surfaces. As such, for the best SO removal, palygorskite is better than sepiolite, though both are fibrous clay minerals.

scholarly journals Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit of an Oleochemical Plant through a Cost and Energy Efficiency Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Valli Trisha ◽  
Kai Seng Koh ◽  
Lik Yin Ng ◽  
Vui Soon Chok
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Annual Saving ◽  
Heat Exchanger Network ◽  
First Case ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Better Than

Limited research of heat integration has been conducted in the oleochemical field. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance of an existing heat exchanger network (HEN) of an oleochemical plant at 600 tonnes per day (TPD) in Malaysia, in which the emphases are placed on the annual saving and reduction in energy consumption. Using commercial HEN numerical software, ASPEN Energy Analyzer v10.0, it was found that the performance of the current HEN in place is excellent, saving over 80% in annual costs and reducing energy consumption by 1,882,711 gigajoule per year (GJ/year). Further analysis of the performance of the HEN was performed to identify the potential optimisation of untapped heating/cooling process streams. Two cases, which are the most cost-effective and energy efficient, were proposed with positive results. However, the second case performed better than the first case, at a lower payback time (0.83 year) and higher annual savings (0.20 million USD/year) with the addition of one heat exchanger at a capital cost of USD 134,620. The first case had a higher payback time (4.64 years), a lower annual saving (0.05 million USD/year) and three additional heaters at a capital cost of USD 193,480. This research has provided a new insight into the oleochemical industry in which retrofitting the HEN can further reduce energy consumption, which in return will reduce the overall production cost of oleochemical commodities. This is particularly crucial in making the product more competitive in its pricing in the global market.

scholarly journals Rapid Degradation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Microscale Ag/Fe Bimetallic Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Xueqiang Zhu ◽  
Lai Zhou ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Baoping Han ◽  
Qiyan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Reaction Stage ◽  
Bimetallic Particles ◽  
Slow Reaction

Cost-effective zero valent iron (ZVI)-based bimetallic particles are a novel and promising technology for contaminant removal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CCl4 removal from aqueous solution using microscale Ag/Fe bimetallic particles which were prepared by depositing Ag on millimeter-scale sponge ZVI particles. Kinetics of CCl4 degradation, the effect of Ag loading, the Ag/Fe dosage, initial solution pH, and humic acid on degradation efficiency were investigated. Ag deposited on ZVI promoted the CCl4 degradation efficiency and rate. The CCl4 degradation resulted from the indirect catalytic reduction of absorbed atomic hydrogen and the direct reduction on the ZVI surface. The CCl4 degradation by Ag/Fe particles was divided into slow reaction stage and accelerated reaction stage, and both stages were in accordance with the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The degradation rate of CCl4 in the accelerated reaction stage was 2.29–5.57-fold faster than that in the slow reaction stage. The maximum degradation efficiency was obtained for 0.2 wt.% Ag loading. The degradation efficiency increased with increasing Ag/Fe dosage. The optimal pH for CCl4 degradation by Ag/Fe was about 6. The presence of humic acid had an adverse effect on CCl4 removal.

A validated robust and automatic procedure for vibration analysis of bridge structures using MEMS accelerometers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-354
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omidalizarandi ◽  
Ralf Herrmann ◽  
Boris Kargoll ◽  
Steffen Marx ◽  
Jens-André Paffenholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Modal Parameters ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Mems Accelerometers ◽  
Better Than

AbstractToday, short- and long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridge infrastructures and their safe, reliable and cost-effective maintenance has received considerable attention. From a surveying or civil engineer’s point of view, vibration-based SHM can be conducted by inspecting the changes in the global dynamic behaviour of a structure, such as natural frequencies (i. e. eigenfrequencies), mode shapes (i. e. eigenforms) and modal damping, which are known as modal parameters. This research work aims to propose a robust and automatic vibration analysis procedure that is so-called robust time domain modal parameter identification (RT-MPI) technique. It is novel in the sense of automatic and reliable identification of initial eigenfrequencies even closely spaced ones as well as robustly and accurately estimating the modal parameters of a bridge structure using low numbers of cost-effective micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers. To estimate amplitude, frequency, phase shift and damping ratio coefficients, an observation model consisting of: (1) a damped harmonic oscillation model, (2) an autoregressive model of coloured measurement noise and (3) a stochastic model in the form of the heavy-tailed family of scaled t-distributions is employed and jointly adjusted by means of a generalised expectation maximisation algorithm. Multiple MEMS as part of a geo-sensor network were mounted at different positions of a bridge structure which is precalculated by means of a finite element model (FEM) analysis. At the end, the estimated eigenfrequencies and eigenforms are compared and validated by the estimated parameters obtained from acceleration measurements of high-end accelerometers of type PCB ICP quartz, velocity measurements from a geophone and the FEM analysis. Additionally, the estimated eigenfrequencies and modal damping are compared with a well-known covariance driven stochastic subspace identification approach, which reveals the superiority of our proposed approach. We performed an experiment in two case studies with simulated data and real applications of a footbridge structure and a synthetic bridge. The results show that MEMS accelerometers are suitable for detecting all occurring eigenfrequencies depending on a sampling frequency specified. Moreover, the vibration analysis procedure demonstrates that amplitudes can be estimated in submillimetre range accuracy, frequencies with an accuracy better than 0.1 Hz and damping ratio coefficients with an accuracy better than 0.1 and 0.2 % for modal and system damping, respectively.

Triazole, Benzotriazole, and Naphthotriazole as Corrosion Inhibitors for Brass

CORROSION ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Inhibitor Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The use of triazole, benzotriazole, and naphthotriazole as corrosion inhibitors for brass is briefly reviewed. The corrosion of 70/30 brass immersed in a wide range of solutions is reported both with and without the inhibitors. The inhibitor efficiency of benzotriazole is given as a function of the solution pH and the concentration used. Triazole was only effective in mildly corrosive solutions and benzotriazole and naphthotriazole were much better. Generally naphthotriazole was better than benzotriazole but is much more expensive and a higher concentration of benzotriazole can give the same protection as naphthotriazole at a much lower cost.

scholarly journals Municipal Leachate Treatment by Fenton Process: Effect of Some Variable and Kinetics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmadian ◽  
Sohyla Reshadat ◽  
Nader Yousefi ◽  
Seyed Hamed Mirhossieni ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Better Than

Due to complex composition of leachate, the comprehensive leachate treatment methods have been not demonstrated. Moreover, the improper management of leachate can lead to many environmental problems. The aim of this study was application of Fenton process for decreasing the major pollutants of landfill leachate on Kermanshah city. The leachate was collected from Kermanshah landfill site and treated by Fenton process. The effect of various parameters including solution pH, Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time was investigated. The result showed that with increasing Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time, the COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal increased. The maximum COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal were obtained at low pH (pH: 3). The kinetic data were analyzed in term of zero-order, first-order, and second-order expressions. First-order kinetic model described the removal of COD, TOC, TSS, and color from leachate better than two other kinetic models. In spite of extremely difficulty of leachate treatment, the previous results seem rather encouraging on the application of Fenton’s oxidation.

Comparison of Coal Ash and Activated Carbon for Removal of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1509-1512
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Di Fan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Calcium Loading ◽  
Working Solution

This paper presents the adsorption behaviors of humic acid (HA) on coal ashes and powdered activated carbons (PACs). A bituminous coal, with or without calcium-loading, was used as a feedstock for coal ash preparation. The working solution of HA with a concentration of 20 mg/L was used in all adsorption tests. The results showed that calcium-enriched coal ash (CECA) gave rise to the removal rate of HA as high as 84.05%, much higher than those of raw coal ash (RCA) and PACs. The impacts of solution pH and adsorbent dosage on HA adsorption capacity were also investigated. It was found that lower pH facilitated to the removal of HA from aqueous solution by means of CECA, and the optimal CECA dosage was about 1.0g/L at pH 7.00. The data obtained in this study suggested that calcium-enriched coal ash could be useful and cost-effective in the treatment of wastewaters containing HA-like organic macro-molecules.

Potential use of waste from tree pruning and recovered plastic to obtain a building material: Case study of Merida, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1222-1230
Author(s):  
Ricardo Herbé Cruz-Estrada ◽  
Javier Guillén-Mallette ◽  
Carlos Vidal Cupul-Manzano ◽  
Josué Iván Balam-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Better Than

This work presents a study on the use of wood and plastic wastes generated in abundance in Merida, Mexico, to help to reduce them in order to mitigate environmental deterioration. The use of these wastes is proposed to obtain a low-cost building material. So, the escalation process (i.e., extrusion) at the pilot level to obtain a prototype of a wood–plastic composite (WPC) corrugated sheet to evaluate the technical feasibility to make a low-cost product is reported. A corrugated sheet with recycled high-density polyethylene (R-HDPE) was produced. The R-HDPE was collected from Merida’s Separation Plant. The wood came from the trimmings of different varieties of trees and shrubs that are periodically pruned. WPC sheets with virgin HDPE were prepared to assess its effect on the materials’ mechanical performance. The wood/HDPE weight ratio was 40/60. The performance of the WPC sheets was compared with that of commercial products with similar characteristics, namely acrylic and polyester sheets reinforced with fibreglass, and black asphalt-saturated cardboard sheets. Thus, the effect of natural weathering on the maximum tensile tearing force and on the maximum flexural load of the different types of sheets was evaluated. Although the mechanical performance of the WPC sheets was lower than that of the acrylic and polyacrylic sheets, their performance was much better than that of the cheap black asphalt-saturated cardboard sheets. So, they are a good option to be used as low-cost temporary roofing.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION, MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY CLAYS OF THE PRIKHANKAYSKAYA DEPRESSION (PRIMORYE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
T. G. RYASHCHENKO ◽  
N. N. UKHOVA ◽  
S. I. SHTELMAKH ◽  
N. I. BELYANINA ◽  
P. S. BELYANIN
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Study Results

The article considers the study results of composition, microstructure and physical-chemical properties of the quaternary clays of the Prikhankayskaya depression in district of the lake Khanka (Primorye) on the example of air-dry samples of geological borehole 45-b in the range of 18–62 m. The objective of research was to obtain new information about the properties of widespread clay sediments in this area using geologic-lithological materials and laboratory data. The schematic geologic-lithological column was composed with the selection of various zones in the quaternary clay sediments section and the border with sediments of the Neogene System. The methodological scheme of laboratory studies of clays was proposed. This scheme includes the determination of chemical and microelement composition, clay minerals, contents of carbonates, water-soluble salts, mobile forms of aluminum oxide, humus, as well as microstructural parameters (method «Microstructure») and some physical-chemical properties. Geochemical coefficients (Kz, CIA, CIW, ICV) determined the degree of chemical maturity of clays and confirmed the results of palynological studies reflecting the fluctuations of the climatic conditions of their formation. For the group of toxic microelements for the first time the special indicator (Zc) was calculated. Which was the criterion for a degree of pollution of the clay sediments section. Clay minerals of the quaternary clays are represented by smectite and hydromica. The clear change in the mineral association was found when passing to the Neogene sediments (kaolinite prevails). The method «Microstructure» revealed the aggregated type of clays microstructure, the domination of the particles of coarse dust fraction among the primary (free) particles and the almost complete absence of the particles of fine-grained sand fraction, the participation of various fractions in the composition of aggregates. The variants of the formation of certain types of aggregates (on sizes) in the fluviolacustrine «khankayskiy» clays are presented. Solid part density, water resistance (soaking time), sedimentation volume, plasticity, relative swelling (samples-pastes) were determined using standard methods for clays. By special methods, the cation exchange capacity was measured and the calculated values of the plasticity index were obtained from forecasting formulas using the yield limit. The proposed methodological scheme of complex laboratory studies of clay sediments can be recommended for problematic geologic-lithological and engineering-geological sections.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Printed Multifunctional Trap for Surveillance of Mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Drew David Reinbold-Wasson ◽  
Michael Hay Reiskind
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT An essential component of vector-borne disease monitoring programs is mosquito surveillance. Surveillance efforts employ various collection traps depending on mosquito species and targeted life-history stage, i.e., eggs, larvae, host-seeking, resting, or gravid adults. Surveillance activities often use commercial traps, sometimes modified to accept specific mosquito species attractants. The advent of widely available and affordable 3D printing technology allows the construction of novel trap designs and components. The study goal was to develop and assess a cost-effective, multipurpose, 6-volt mosquito trap integrating features of both host-seeking and gravid mosquito traps to collect undamaged live specimens: a multifunctional mosquito trap (MMT). We tested the MMT in comparison to commercial traps, targeting gravid Aedes albopictus, host-seeking Ae. albopictus, and total number of host-seeking mosquitos regardless of species. Field evaluations found the MMT performed as well as or better than comparable commercial traps. This project demonstrates an easy to construct, inexpensive, and versatile mosquito trap, potentially useful for surveying multiple mosquito species and other hematophagous insects by varying attractants into the MMT.

scholarly journals Comparative Studied of Degradation of Textile Brilliant Reactive Red Dye Using H2O2, TiO2, UV and Sunlight

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Forqan Mohammed ◽  
Khalid M. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
H2o2 Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Red Dye

In this study sunlight and UV radiation were used to compare the efficiency of decolorization of textile wastewater containing brilliant reactive red dye K-2BP (λmax = 534 nm) by the advanced oxidation process (AOP) using (H2O2/sunlight, H2O2/UV, H2O2/TiO2/sunlight, and H2O2/TiO2/UV). The results studied the effect of solution pH, applied H2O2 concentration, TiO2 concentration (nanoparticle), and initial dye concentration were studied. The experimental results showed that decolorization percentage with H2O2/sunlight and TiO2/H2O2/sunlight under the following conditions: - reaction time 150 of minutes, [ 500 ppm] H2O2, [100 ppm] TiO2, pH=3, initial dye concentration =15 ppm and at ambient temperature were 95.7% and 98.42% respectively. For the same conditions using H2O2/UV, H2O2/TiO2 /UV, the percentage of decolorization were 97.85% and 96.33% respectively. The results also indicated that the sunlight is more economic and cost-effective than UV radiation.

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