scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: What Does Oxidative Stress Have to Do with It?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Iara Grigoletto Fernandes ◽  
Cyro Alves de Brito ◽  
Vitor Manoel Silva dos Reis ◽  
Maria Notomi Sato ◽  
Nátalli Zanete Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Relationship Of

The phenomenon of oxidative stress, characterized as an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant responses, is a well-known inflammatory mechanism and constitutes an important cellular process. The relationship of viral infections, reactive species production, oxidative stress, and the antiviral response is relevant. Therefore, the aim of this review is to report studies showing how reactive oxygen species may positively or negatively affect the pathophysiology of viral infection. We focus on known respiratory viral infections, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs), in an attempt to provide important information on the challenges posed by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Because antiviral therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) are rare, knowledge about relevant antioxidant compounds and oxidative pathways may be important for understanding viral pathogenesis and identifying possible therapeutic targets.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H association with endometriosis and possible role in inflammation and pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Razan Asally ◽  
Robert Markham ◽  
Frank Manconi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Inherited Risk

Introduction: Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and affects approximately 10%–15% of women in their reproductive years. Pain is one of the predominant symptoms of the disease. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and develops when there is an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production, and the elimination capacity of antioxidants in the reproductive tract. High levels of reactive oxygen species can induce pain indirectly through oxidative stress-associated inflammation or directly through sensitising the nociceptive neurons that transmit the signals to the cerebral sensory cortex which are perceived as a feeling of pain. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species, which generate through oxidative phosphorylation. Given that the mitochondria are involved in reactive oxygen species formation and energy production, which are required for the activation and proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes, it has been suggested that mitochondrial DNA variants are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study has provided a better understanding of maternally inherited risk factors which contribute to the pain mechanisms associated with endometriosis. Results: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H was found to be significantly higher in women with endometriosis. This study was the first to report the association between the European mitochondrial haplogroup H and the risk of pain associated with endometriosis. Discussion: The results suggest that there are maternally inherited risk factors in women with endometriosis causing high reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress, which facilitate pain generation in women with endometriosis.

scholarly journals Synthesis of keratine, silver, and flavonols nanocomposites to inhibit oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cell (INS-1) and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 102917
Author(s):  
Rosa Martha Pérez-Gutierrez ◽  
Isis Sherazada Rodríguez-Clavel ◽  
Silvia Patricia Paredes-Carrera ◽  
Jesus Carlos Sánchez-Ochoa ◽  
Alethia Muñiz-Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production

Decreased activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in monocytes from patients with systemic sclerosis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 3961-3970
Author(s):  
Komei Sakata ◽  
Hidekata Yasuoka ◽  
Keiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Tsutomu Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated ◽  
Species Production

Abstract Objectives The regulation system for oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the possible involvement of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), which plays a key role in DNA repair and redox balance, in the pathogenesis of SSc. Methods Thirty patients with SSc and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Expression of ATM and phosphorylated ATM (pATM), an activated form of ATM, in phagocytes in whole blood samples was analysed by FACS. Correlations between expression levels of ATM/pATM and clinical parameters of SSc patients were statistically analysed. Peripheral monocytes were cultured with an ATM-specific inhibitor (KU55933), and reactive oxygen species production in the cells was measured. Results Expression level of pATM in peripheral monocytes and neutrophils from SSc patients was significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively), while no significant difference in total ATM expression was observed between SSc and healthy controls. In addition, pATM expression in monocytes of SSc patients with interstitial lung disease or digital pitting scar was remarkably lower than in the patients without these clinical features (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03), respectively. Moreover, pATM expression in monocytes positively correlated with forced vital capacity and negatively correlated with the serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 level. Notably, KU55933, an ATM-specific inhibitor, enhanced reactive oxygen species production by monocytes under oxidative stress. Conclusion Our data revealed that decreased ATM activation in monocytes was associated with SSc-interstitial lung disease and that impaired ATM activation in monocytes may contribute to the disease process of SSc via uncontrolled reactive oxygen species production.

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