scholarly journals Optimal Supply Diversification Strategy under Supply Disruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Luo ◽  
Jia Ren
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Capacity Constraints ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Optimal Contracts ◽  
Major Disruption ◽  
Disruption Risks ◽  
Restoration Effort

When a disruption caused by human or environmental accident occurs in production systems, it may cause a shortage of the supply, and thus the buyers’ procurement behaviors will be influenced. This paper studies a supply chain comprised of a buyer and two types of suppliers: one is cheap but unreliable and the other is reliable but expensive. If there is a major disruption, the unreliable supplier may not be able to fully satisfy the buyer’s order, despite the fact that it exerts additional effort to rebuild capacity; at the same time, the reliable supplier cannot fulfill extra orders from the buyer due to capacity constraints. In this way, the buyer should strategically allocate its order between the two types of suppliers by offering different contracts at the very beginning, and then the unreliable supplier chooses its optimal restoration effort according to the contract if a disruption occurs. The model is built based on the real-life cases such as Walmart and Apple such that it is the buyer who determines the wholesale price of the unreliable supplier’s products. The results show the optimal contracts provided by the buyer under different circumstances, which aims to help managers design their contracts under disruption risks to maximize the company’s profit.

Relative Distribution and Incidence of Viruses Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Tomato Fields in Trinidad

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
S. N. Rampersad
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Tobacco Etch Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
High Incidence

Tomato production in Trinidad has suffered considerable losses in yield and fruit quality due to infections of hitherto surmised etiology. In order to develop strategies for controlling viral diseases in tomato, the relative distribution and incidence of seven viruses that commonly infect tomato were determined. Of the 362 samples tested, Potato yellow mosaic Trinidad virus (PYMTV) was found in every farm except two and was present at relatively high incidence throughout the country. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) were found in fewer farms and at lower incidences while the other viruses were absent. Single infections of either virus were more common than double infections and multiple infections were rare but present. The results indicated that PYMTV is the predominant and most important viral pathogen in tomato production systems in Trinidad; however, begomovirus disease management strategies will also have to accommodate controls Accepted for publication 10 January 2006. Published 9 March 2006.

Comments on the Market Crash: Six Months After

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayne Leland ◽  
Mark Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Equilibrium ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Trading Mechanisms

Six months after the market crash of October 1987, we are still sifting through the debris searching for its cause. Two theories of the crash sound plausible -- one based on a market panic and the other based on large trader transactions -- though there is other evidence that is difficult to reconcile. If we are to believe the market panic theory or the Brady Commission's theory that the crash was primarily caused by a few large traders, we must strongly reject the standard model. We need to build models of financial equilibrium which are more sensitive to real life trading mechanisms, which account more realistically for the formation of expectations, and which recognize that, at any one time, there is a limited pool of investors available with the ability to evaluate stocks and take appropriate action in the market.

scholarly journals Pulsed LED-Lighting as an Alternative Energy Savings Technique for Vertical Farms and Plant Factories

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Ernesto Olvera-Gonzalez ◽  
Nivia Escalante-Garcia ◽  
Deland Myers ◽  
Peter Ampim ◽  
Eric Obeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Operation Modes

Different strategies are reported in the literature for energy saving in Closed Plant Production Systems (CPPS). However, not reliable evidences about energy consumption with the use of pulsed LED light technique in lighting system available in Plant Factory and Vertical Farm. In this work, three key points to determine the effects of pulsed LED light versus continuous LED light are presented: (1) A mathematical model and its practical application for stabilizing the energy equivalence using LED light in continuous and pulsed mode in different light treatments. (2) The quantum efficiency of the photosystem II was used to determine positive and/or negative effects of the light operating mode (continuous or pulsed) on chili pepper plants (Capsicum annuum var. Serrano). (3) Evaluation of energy consumption with both operation modes using ten recipes from the literature to grow plants applied in Closed Plant Production Systems, different Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density at 50, 110, and 180 µmol m−2 s−1, Frequencies at 100, 500, and 1000 Hz, and Duty Cycles of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90%. The results show no significant statistical differences between the operation modes (continuous and pulsed LED light). For each light recipe analyzed, a pulsed frequency and a duty cycle were obtained, achieving significant energy savings in every light intensity. The results can be useful guide for real-life applications in CPPS.

Stability Analysis of Supply Chain Cooperation Contract under Asymmetric Information

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Repeated Games ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Information Economics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Game Equilibrium ◽  
The Stability

The stability of cooperation contract is the result of abandon opportunistic behavior in the process of repeated games among the enterprise and the other subjects in the supply chain from long-term interests, and is also the foundation of healthy development for the whole supply chain. But in real life cooperation contract instability everywhere for a variety of reasons, such as ethical considerations, institutional factors, cultural factors and special reasons during the transition period and so on. From the perspective of information economics and game theory, the main game process of cooperation between enterprise and the other subjects in supply chain is not only the game of information, but also the game of interests. Information structure and the interesting structure are the important factors for the subjects of the game of the implementation of decisions and the basic contractual constraints for cooperative game equilibrium. Cooperation behaviors among the enterprise and the other subjects in the supply chain were studied on the basis of game theory, and the stability of cooperation contract is also being discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Win-Win: A Novel Approach to Quantify Win-Win Using Fuzzy Logic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad B. Hassanat ◽  
Ghada A. Altarawneh ◽  
Ahmad S. Tarawneh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract The classic win-win has a key flaw in that it cannot offer the parties with right amounts of winning because each party believes they are winners. In reality, one party may win more than the other. This strategy is not limited to a single product or negotiation; it may be applied to a variety of situations in life. We present a novel way to measure the win-win situation in this paper. The proposed method employs the Fuzzy logic to create a mathematical model that aids negotiators in quantifying their winning percentages. The model is put to the test on real-life negotiation scenarios such as the Iranian uranium enrichment negotiations, the Iraqi-Jordanian oil deal, and the iron ore negotiation (2005-2009). The presented model has shown to be a useful tool in practice and can be easily generalized to be utilized in other domains as well.

scholarly journals ISLAM PROGRESIF INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
A. ILYAS ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
A Priority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Islam

Theofogicaffy, Islam is one and absolutely correct. However, historicaffy, after being understood and translated into the real life, Islam is not single, but various or plural that manifests at feast in three schools of thoughts: Traditional Islam, Revivalist Islam (fundamentalism), and Liberal Islam (Progressive). The group of Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) represents the fast school of thoughts. Even though it is stiff young (ten years), JIL becomes populer because it frequentfy proposes the new thoughts that often evoke controversions in the community. The reformation of thoughts proposed by JIL covers four areas: first, reformation in politics. In this context, JIL gives a priority to the idea of secularism; Second, reformation in socio-religion. Dealing with this, JIL proposes the concept of pluralism; Third, reformation in individual freedom. In this case, JIL gives a priority to the idea of liberalism both in thoughts and actions;fourth, reformation in women. Regarding this, JIL proposes the idea of gender equaliry. This reformation thought of JIL receives pro and con in the community. On the one hand,some of them panne and fulminate it; on the other hand, the other ones support and give appreciation. In such situation, JIL grows as a thought and Islamic progressive movement in Indonesia. Key Words: Islamic Thought, JIL, Secularism, Pluralism, Liberalism, and Gender Equality.

scholarly journals Frankly, We Do Give a Damn

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilad Feldman ◽  
Huiwen Lian ◽  
Michal Kosinski ◽  
David Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

There are two conflicting perspectives regarding the relationship between profanity and dishonesty. These two forms of norm-violating behavior share common causes and are often considered to be positively related. On the other hand, however, profanity is often used to express one’s genuine feelings and could therefore be negatively related to dishonesty. In three studies, we explored the relationship between profanity and honesty. We examined profanity and honesty first with profanity behavior and lying on a scale in the lab (Study 1; N = 276), then with a linguistic analysis of real-life social interactions on Facebook (Study 2; N = 73,789), and finally with profanity and integrity indexes for the aggregate level of U.S. states (Study 3; N = 50 states). We found a consistent positive relationship between profanity and honesty; profanity was associated with less lying and deception at the individual level and with higher integrity at the society level.

On Co-opetitive Supply Partnerships with End-Product Rivals: Information Asymmetry, Dual Sourcing and Supply Market Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hwan Jung ◽  
Panos Kouvelis
Keyword(s):  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Dual Sourcing ◽  
Strategic Sourcing ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
Separating Equilibrium

Problem definition: We consider opportunities for cooperation at the supply level between two firms that are rivals in the end-product market. One of our firms is vertically integrated (VI), has in-house production capabilities, and may also supply its rival. The other is a downstream outsourcing (DO) firm that has better market information. The DO is willing to consider a supply partnership with the VI, but it also has the option to use the outside supply market. Academic/practical relevance: Such co-opetitive practices are common in industrial supply chains, but firms’ co-opetitive strategic sourcing with the potential of information leakage has not been examined in the literature. Methodology: We build a game-theoretic model to capture the firms’ strategic interactions under the co-opetitive supply partnership with the potential information leakage. Results: The DO exploits its information advantage to obtain a better wholesale price from the VI and may use dual sourcing to protect its private information. Anticipating that, the VI may offer wholesale price concessions as an information rent to obtain the DO’s information. Our work identifies demand uncertainty and efficiency of outside supply market as the factors affecting the VI’s pricing decision and the resulting equilibrium. Pooling equilibrium arises often, but in a few cases, the equilibrium is separating. At the separating equilibrium, the DO always single sources, either from the VI or the independent supplier depending on the demand state. The VI benefits from ancillary revenue-generating opportunity, and from information acquisition in a separating equilibrium. On the other hand, the DO’s benefit is a cheaper price in exchange for market information in a separating equilibrium. In the pooling case, the DO uses dual sourcing to hide demand information, especially in the high demand case, and to better supply the end-market through his accurate demand information. Managerial implications: Our work provides useful insights into firms’ strategic sourcing behaviors to efficiently deal with the potential of information leakage in the co-opetitive supply environment and for the rationale behind such relationships often observed in industries.

EFFECTIVENESS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPLYING SPECIALIZATION AND DIVERSIFICATION IN AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2514-2521
Author(s):  
O.V. Karpets ◽  
◽  
A.A. Andreev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

Today it is getting harder and harder for companies from all over the world to stay in the market, as doing business is associated with great risks. It is especially difficult for young enterprises that have just opened or are at this stage. When a certain group of people make a decision to open an enterprise and run a business, then one of the main questions that, as a rule, should first of all arise for them - what the company will do and according to what strategy it will carry out its main activities. There are a great many development strategies, but the most common of them are two, diversification and specialization. One strategy involves production and trade concentration on one type of goods, while the other strategy is its absolute opposite, as it involves the creation of several product lines that are in no way connected with each other, and the sale of these goods is done to different sales markets. In this article, a comparative analysis of using diversification and specialization strategies was carried out; the analysis was fulfilled on the basis of considering the positive and negative aspects of these strategies. The result of the research was the conclusion that diversification strategy is the more effective than the specialization strategy, since the number of positive and negative aspects of using the diversification strategy is the same, in the case of the specialization strategy, it was found that the number of its disadvantages exceeds the number of advantages from its use. Based on this information, the conclusion of the study was made.

The Ethical and the Juridical in Reversal of Fortune and Terror’s Advocate

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Edward Lamberti
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
English Language ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
French Language ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Film Style ◽  
Reversal Of Fortune

Chapter 5 considers Barbet Schroeder’s English-language American true-life drama Reversal of Fortune (1990) and his French-language political documentary Terror’s Advocate (2007), two films about lawyers and legal systems. Desmond Manderson refers in his collection Essays on Levinas and Law: A Mosaic (2009) to the ‘mosaic’ of a Levinasian approach to the law, as, sceptical of legal systems but devoted to justice, Emmanuel Levinas posits an ethics that refuses to crystallise into a prescriptive view of how the law should work in respect of the Other. I argue that these two Schroeder films, with their multi-faceted, ‘mosaic-like’ styles and structures, perform this fractured Levinasian refusal to settle on a fixed, simplistic definition of the law’s purpose. I analyse Reversal of Fortune for its multiple story strands and the different visual styles Schroeder deploys to delineate them, along with elements of performance – especially from Jeremy Irons as Claus von Bülow – that complicate questions of otherness. In discussing the documentary Terror’s Advocate, I draw on Stella Bruzzi’s work on performative documentary (2006) to explore how Schroeder uses film style to perform both the bravado of the film’s protagonist, the real-life criminal lawyer Jacques Vergès, and the Levinasian ‘mosaic’ of the legal situations he surveys.

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