scholarly journals Packet Reordering Metrics to Enable Performance Comparison in IP-Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Pedro Rodrigues Torres-Jr ◽  
Eduardo Parente Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Ip Networks ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Packet Reordering ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Complete Metrics ◽  
Different Levels

Despite the existence of several metrics to perform measurements on out-of-order packets, few works have used these metrics for comparative purposes. A potential reason for this is that the use of these simple singleton metrics makes it difficult to analyze all the effects of packet reordering. On the other hand, more complete metrics are represented in a vectorial manner, making comparative analysis challenging. In this paper, we present a scenario for testing and describe a methodology for conducting experiments to compare network paths with respect to unordered packets. The results of several simulations explore simple packet reordering metrics derived from vector metric that may allow future work to be benchmarked against. We demonstrated the behaviour of some TCP congestion control algorithms by adjusting different levels of reordering. We highlight good results with the Entropy reorder metric.

Setting up a Virtual Laboratory for Evaluation of Congestion Control Algorithms in TCP/IP Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sogol Babainejad ◽  
Sasan Babainejad ◽  
N. Bigdeli ◽  
K. Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Control ◽  
Ip Networks ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Control Algorithms

The Dynamics of Environmental Campaigns

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Porta ◽  
Dieter Rucht
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western World ◽  
Environmental Movements ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Campaigns ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Environmental movements and their activities are studied from various angles, by different methods, and at different levels. While both detailed studies on single incidents of conflict and broad overviews of movements are available, relatively little work has been done at the intermediate level between these extremes. We argue that it is fruitful to engage at this level by undertaking comparative analysis of environmental campaigns. Such studies could help deal with inconclusive observations and findings on the changes of environmental movements during the last three decades. We hypothesize that indeed environmental activism has changed remarkably. By and large, conflicts are no longer marked by a relatively simple constellation of one challenger facing one target or opponent. Instead, we find a complex web of involved actors reaching from local to international levels. These actors tend to form broad alliances, and to link on different issues. Also, their activities are not restricted to only one arena or strategy but involve all available channels, arenas, and action repertoires to have an impact. Quite often, we observe loose coalitions of groups that act in an implicit division of labor, thereby playing on their respective backgrounds, foci, and experiences. Given the variety of actors, their organizational forms and tactics on the one hand and their different contexts on the other, it is unlikely that a common pattern of conflict will emerge across various issues and geographical areas. This is all the more true when comparing environmental conflicts in the Western and Non-Western world.

scholarly journals Differences in Agricultural Support between Countries – The OECD Measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Kristína Gendová Ruzsíková
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Countries provide different levels of support from public expenditures to farmers. Some countries subsidise their agricultural producers more significantly. On the other hand, other group of countries provides less support to their producers from public resources. Different international organisations and institutions provide their own indicators as in the case of the Oranisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The OECD provides a comprehensive framework to measure the level of support and to identify its structure. This measurement provides a comparable review of support to agriculture from public budgets and helps to evaluate the transfers from taxpayers to producers or consumers. The aim of our work was to present this measurement framework, the differences in support between OECD and some non-OECD countries and to see if there is an evidence of development in level and/or in structure of supports in agriculture in the 2016, 2017 and 2018’s editions of OECD publications taken into consideration. The comparative analysis shows that not only the level, but the composition of support differes from country to country.

Combating corruption in six Asian countries: a comparative analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S.T. Quah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the experiences of the six Asian countries covered in this special issue and explain their different levels of effectiveness in combating corruption. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses the policy contexts in these countries, their perceived extent and causes of corruption, and evaluates the effectiveness of their anti-corruption agencies (ACAs). Findings – Brunei Darussalam is less corrupt because it is the smallest, least populated and richest country, without being embroiled in conflict compared to the other five larger countries, which are more populous but poorer and adversely affected by conflict. The Sultan’s political will in combating corruption is reflected in the better staffed and funded Anti-Corruption Bureau, which has prosecuted and convicted more corrupt offenders. By contrast, the lack of political will of the governments in the other five countries is manifested in their ineffective ACAs, which are not independent, lack capacity and resources, and are used against political opponents. Originality/value – This paper will be useful for those scholars, policy-makers and anti-corruption practitioners interested in how effective these six Asian countries are in combating corruption and the reasons for their different levels of effectiveness.

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