scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Talensi District, Northern Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Pax Chegbeleh ◽  
Bismark Awinbire Akurugu ◽  
Sandow Mark Yidana
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Reverse Ion Exchange

A comprehensive chemical quality assessment of groundwater resources in the Talensi District has been conducted using conventional graphical methods and multivariate statistical techniques. The study sought to determine the main controls of groundwater chemistry and its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes in the district. Silicate and carbonate mineral weathering were identified as the main controls on groundwater chemistry in the district, with reverse ion exchange also playing a role. High nitrate and lead levels observed have been associated with agrochemicals and wastewater from farms and homes. Three main flow regimes have been identified with Q-mode cluster analysis, in which mixed cation water types have been revealed, where areas designated as recharge zones are dominated by Na+ + K+–Mg2+–HCO3− fresh water types characterised by low mineralisation and pH, which evolve into Mg2+– Na+ + K+– HCO3− fresh water type with corresponding increased mineralisation of the groundwater. Based on the water quality index (WQI) technique modified for the district and an interpolation technique using ordinary kriging developed from a well-fitted exponential semivariogram for the estimated WQIs, the groundwater quality has been spatially classified as generally ‘good’ to ‘excellent’ for domestic purposes. Generally, the quality of groundwater for domestic usage deteriorates as one moves towards the north of the district, whereas waters in the east and west present the best quality. Classifications based on the United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL), Wilcox, and Doneen diagrams suggest that groundwater from the unconfined aquifers of the district is of excellent quality for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater Quality in Nkalagu District, Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
I. M. Onwe ◽  
B. E. B. Akudinobi ◽  
C. J. Chizoba ◽  
K. A. Ifeanyichukwu
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hydrochemical Characterization ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater quality in Nkalagu District, southeastern Nigeria was carried to determine the main factors controlling the chemistry of groundwater and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Sixty (60) groundwater samples collected from boreholes and hand-dug wells in different parts of the area were analyzed for a range of physiochemical parameters and heavy metal constituents. The results show that concentration of the major ions were in the order Cl->HCO3->SO42->NO3- and Na>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+. The groundwater samples are slightly acidic with pH of 5.28 to 8.04; moderately hard with TH of 112.88 to 467.78 mg/l. The district is mainly controlled by carbonate and silicate mineral weathering based on the available result. Three main flow regimes were identified with Q-mode cluster analysis. Based on the WQIanalysis results, the groundwater quality in the district was classified, generally as ‘poor’ to ‘excellent’ for drinking purpose. Groundwater quality for drinking purpose were noted to deteriorates as one move from west towards the east of the district, while the north and south part pf the study area indicated the best quality in the district. Groundwater quality for irrigation purpose showed excellent quality based on the United States Salinity Laboratory and Wilcox diagrams. For future use of groundwater resource in the district we recommend implementation rules and guidelines in the area to enhance health and preserve groundwater sources in the district.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Identification of Groundwater Pollution Sources in Tropical Savanna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abduljalal Abdulsalam ◽  
Mohammad Ramli ◽  
Nor Jamil ◽  
Zulfa Ashaari ◽  
Da’u Umar
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes

Groundwater pollution of the watershed is mainly influenced by the multifaceted interactions of geogenic and anthropogenic processes. In this study, classic chemical and multivariate statistical methods were used to assess the groundwater quality and identify the potential pollution sources affecting the groundwater quality of Galma sub-watershed in a tropical savannah. For this purpose, the dataset of 18 groundwater quality variables covering 57 different sampling boreholes (BH) was used. The order of abundance of the main cations and anions in the samples are Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO4−2 > NO3− respectively. Piper diagram classified the groundwater types of the watershed into mixed Ca–Mg–Cl type of water, which means no cations and anions exceeds 50%. The second dominant water type was Ca–Cl. The Mg–HCO3 water type was found in BH 9, and Na–Cl water type in BH 29 respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the sampling boreholes into five statistically significant clusters based on similarities of groundwater quality characteristics. Principal component extracted two principal components that explained around 65% of the total variance, which natural and anthropogenic processes especially agricultural activities as the dominant factors affecting the groundwater quality. The findings of this study are useful to the policy and decision-makers for formulating efficient groundwater utilization and management plans for the groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Investigating the Potential Role of Geological Context on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of the Grenville and St. Lawrence Platform Geological Provinces in Quebec, Canada

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Roxane Tremblay ◽  
Julien Walter ◽  
Romain Chesnaux ◽  
Lamine Boumaiza
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
Geological Context

The hydrogeochemical study of the Lanaudière and Eastern Mauricie regions (Canada) demonstrates that trace elements appear to be better tracers of geological influence on groundwater chemistry than major elements. Isotopic ratios and the similar chemical composition of groundwater suggest that the physicochemical parameters of groundwater have a greater effect on hydrogeochemical mechanisms than the immediate geological environment The results allow us to propose a conceptual model of groundwater geochemical evolution with the aim to guide the protection and sustainable management of regional groundwater resources in the Lanaudière and Eastern Mauricie regions. These regions were selected because of their location at the boundary of the Grenville and St. Lawrence Platform geological provinces, representing two distinct geological contexts (Precambrian crystalline rocks and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks). Regional-scale hydrogeochemical and isotopic groundwater characterization was carried out to identify the role of the differences in regional geology on groundwater quality. Our analyses included major and trace elements, stable isotopes, and multivariate statistics. Similar processes are at the origin of dissolved major chemical elements and suggest that soluble minerals common to both geological provinces control groundwater chemistry. If differences exist, they are due to the hydrogeological conditions of the samples, such as residence time or groundwater entrapment at the time of the postglacial marine incursion of the Champlain Sea, rather than the geological context. Some differences, sometimes significant, were observed for some minor elements (F−, Mn2+, H2S), which implies a more comprehensive knowledge of the chemistry of the stratigraphic units within the Lanaudière and Eastern Mauricie aquifers.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES LOCATED AROUND ABANDONED OKPARA COAL MINE, ENUGU SE. NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
C. Ogwah ◽  
M. O. Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
United Nation

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with Sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO42¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO32¯), nitrate ( NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model: End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that that silicate and carbonate weathering are that major factor that control groundwater quality, and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely; Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors such as weathering.

Hydrogeochemical processes in groundwater resources located around abandoned Okpara coal, Enugu SE. Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
C Ogwah ◽  
MO Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Field Plots

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO4 2¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO3 2¯), nitrate (NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+)and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model:End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that silicate and carbonate weathering are the major factors that control groundwater quality and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely, Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca+Mg & SO4+Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 245-252, 2020

scholarly journals An assessment of uranium in groundwater in the Grand Canyon region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred D Tillman ◽  
Kimberly R. Beisner ◽  
Jessica R. Anderson ◽  
Joel A. Unema
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Grand Canyon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Uranium Mining ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Uranium Ore ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe Grand Canyon region in northern Arizona is a home or sacred place of origin for many Native Americans and is visited by over 6 million tourists each year. Most communities in the area depend upon groundwater for all water uses. Some of the highest-grade uranium ore in the United States also is found in the Grand Canyon region. A withdrawal of over 4000 km2 of Federal land in the Grand Canyon region from new uranium mining activities for 20 years was instituted in 2012, owing in part to a lack of scientific data on potential effects from uranium mining on water resources in the area. The U.S. Geological Survey has collected groundwater chemistry samples since 1981 in the Grand Canyon region to better understand the current state of groundwater quality, to monitor for changes in groundwater quality that may be the result of mining activities, and to identify "hot spots" with elevated metal concentrations and investigate the causes. This manuscript presents results for the assessment of uranium in groundwater in the Grand Canyon region. Analytical results for uranium in groundwater in the Grand Canyon region were available for 573 samples collected from 180 spring sites and 26 wells from September 1, 1981 to October 7, 2020. Samples were collected from springs issuing from stratigraphic units above, within, and below the Permian strata that host uranium ore in breccia pipes in the area. Maximum uranium concentrations at groundwater sites in the region ranged from less than 1 µg/L at 23 sites (11%) to 100 µg/L or more at 4 sites (2%). Of the 206 groundwater sites sampled, 195 sites (95%) had maximum observed uranium concentrations less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Maximum Contaminant Level of 30 µg/L for drinking water and 177 sites (86%) had uranium concentrations less than the 15 µg/L Canadian benchmark for protection of aquatic life in freshwater. The establishment of baseline groundwater quality is an important first step in monitoring for change in water chemistry throughout mining lifecycles and beyond to ensure the health of these critical groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seasonal Groundwater Quality Changes Associated with Groundwater Pumping and Level Fluctuations in an Agricultural Area, Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kyoochul Ha ◽  
Eunhee Lee ◽  
Hyowon An ◽  
Sunghyun Kim ◽  
Changhui Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Groundwater Levels

This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal groundwater quality due to groundwater pumping and hydrochemical characteristics with groundwater level fluctuations in an agricultural area in Korea. Groundwater levels were observed for about one year using automatic monitoring sensors, and groundwater uses were estimated based on the monitoring data. Groundwater use in the area is closely related to irrigation for rice farming, and rising groundwater levels occur during the pumping, which may be caused by the irrigation water of rice paddies. Hydrochemical analysis results for two separate times (17 July and 1 October 2019) show that the dissolved components in groundwater decreased overall due to dilution, especially at wells in the alluvial aquifer and shallow depth. More than 50% of the samples were classified as CaHCO3 water type, and changes in water type occurred depending on the well location. Water quality changes were small at most wells, but changes at some wells were evident. In addition, the groundwater quality was confirmed to have the effect of saltwater supplied during the 2018 drought by comparison with seawater. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the water quality from July to October was confirmed to have changed due to dilution, and the effect was strong at shallow wells. In the study areas where rice paddy farming is active in summer, irrigation water may be one of the important factors changing the groundwater quality. These results provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for groundwater quality change in agricultural areas, particularly rice paddies areas, along with groundwater level and usage.

Concrete Biodeterioration in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region

2010 ◽  
Vol 1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Rendon ◽  
M. E. Lara ◽  
S. K. Rendon ◽  
M. Rendon ◽  
X. Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Sewage Systems

AbstractConcrete biodeterioration is defined as the damage that the products of microorganism metabolism, in particular sulfuric acid, do to hardened concrete. In Canada and in the northern part of the United States, sewer failures from concrete biodeterioration are almost unknown. In the southern part of the United States and in Mexico, however, it is a serious and expensive problem in sewage collection systems, which rapidly deteriorate. Also, leaking sewage systems result in the loss of groundwater resources particularly important in this arid region. Almost every city in the Mexican-American border region, who's combined population is more than 15 million people, faces this problem. The U.S. cities have made some provision to face these infrastructure problems, but the Mexican cities have made less effort. We recommend here the Mexican norm (NMX-C-414-ONNCCE-2004) [1] to be reviewed, or at least that a warning be issued as a key measure to avoid concrete biodeterioration.

scholarly journals Assessing threats to shallow groundwater quality from soil pollutants in Glasgow, UK: development of a new screening tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Fordyce ◽  
B. É. Ó Dochartaigh ◽  
H. C. Bonsor ◽  
E. L. Ander ◽  
M. T. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Quaternary Deposit ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTA new GIS-based screening tool to assess threats to shallow groundwater quality has been trialled in Glasgow, UK. The GRoundwater And Soil Pollutants (GRASP) tool is based on a British Standard method for assessing the threat from potential leaching of metal pollutants in unsaturated soil/superficial materials to shallow groundwater, using data on soil and Quaternary deposit properties, climate and depth to groundwater. GRASP breaks new ground by also incorporating a new Glasgow-wide soil chemistry dataset. GRASP considers eight metals, including chromium, lead and nickel at 1622 soil sample locations. The final output is a map to aid urban management, which highlights areas where shallow groundwater quality may be at risk from current and future surface pollutants. The tool indicated that 13% of soil sample sites in Glasgow present a very high potential threat to groundwater quality, due largely to shallow groundwater depths and high soil metal concentrations. Initial attempts to validate GRASP revealed partial spatial coincidence between the GRASP threat ranks (low, moderate, high and very high) and groundwater chemistry, with statistical correlation between areas of high soil and groundwater metal concentrations for both Cr and Cu (r2>0.152; P<0.05). Validation was hampered by a lack of, and inconsistency in, existing groundwater chemistry data. To address this, standardised subsurface data collection networks have been trialled recently in Glasgow. It is recommended that, once available, new groundwater depth and chemistry information from these networks is used to validate the GRASP model further.

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