scholarly journals Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Acute Radiation Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liren Qian ◽  
Jian Cen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Stem Cell Banks

With the extensive utilization of radioactive materials for medical, industrial, agricultural, military, and research purposes, medical researchers are trying to identify new methods to treat acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Radiation may cause injury to different tissues and organs, but no single drug has been proven to be effective in all circumstances. Radioprotective agents are always effective if given before irradiation, but many nuclear accidents are unpredictable. Medical countermeasures that can be beneficial to different organ and tissue injuries caused by radiation are urgently needed. Cellular therapy, especially stem cell therapy, has been a promising approach in ARS. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the two main kinds of stem cells which show good efficacy in ARS and have attracted great attention from researchers. There are also some limitations that need to be investigated in future studies. In recent years, there are also some novel methods of stem cells that could possibly be applied on ARS, like “drug” stem cell banks obtained from clinical grade human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), MSC-derived products, and infusion of HSCs without preconditioning treatment, which make us confident in the future treatment of ARS. This review focuses on major scientific and clinical advances of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells on ARS.

scholarly journals Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells support the ex vivo expansion of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Orticelli ◽  
Andrea Papait ◽  
Elsa Vertua ◽  
Patrizia Bonassi Signoroni ◽  
Pietro Romele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Expansion ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

The role of children's bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in the ex vivo expansion of autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1099-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iordanis Pelagiadis ◽  
Eftichia Stiakaki ◽  
Christianna Choulaki ◽  
Maria Kalmanti ◽  
Helen Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Expansion ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemic Cells Form Cadherin-Catenin Based Junctional Complexes with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Wuchter ◽  
Rainer Saffrich ◽  
Wolfgang Wagner ◽  
Frederik Wein ◽  
Mario Stephan Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Feeder Layer ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Junctional Complexes

Abstract The interaction between human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their niche plays a key role in regulating maintenance of “stemness” and differentiation. We have demonstrated that a feeder layer of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can serve as a surrogate model for the niche for human HSC. We could also show, MSC are intimately connected to one another by a novel kind of adhering junction, consisting of villiformto-vermiform cell projections (processus adhaerentes). With this background, we have analyzed the intercellular junctional complexes between HSC and MSC. In comparison, we also studied the cell-cell contacts between leukemia cells (LC) and MSC. MSC were derived from bone marrow aspirates from healthy voluntary donors. HSC were isolated from umbilical cord blood. Leukemia cells that were CD34+ were obtained from bone marrow aspirates from patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia at the time point of initial diagnosis. After 24–48 hours of co-cultivation, we stained the cellular contacts with a panel of antibodies specific for various components of tight, gap and adherens junctions. Using advanced confocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with deconvolution and volume rendering software, we were able to produce 3D-images of intercellular junctions between HSC/MSC as well as between LC/MSC. To examine the specific function of N-cadherin, we analyzed the effect of siRNA knock down of N-cadherin in MSC upon co-cultures of HSC and MSC. Intercellular connections between HSC and MSC are mainly characterized by podia formation of the HSC linking to the adjacent MSC. At the intimate contact zone to the MSC, we have identified the cytoplasmic plaque proteins alpha- and beta-catenin, co-localized with the transmembrane glycoprotein N-cadherin. Additionally, we compared these findings with a similar setting consisting of human LC co-cultured with feeder-layer of MSC. Our results demonstrated that in comparison to HSC, the proportion of leukemia cells adherent to the feeder-layer is significantly lower and podia formation is less frequent (ratio 1:3). However, the mechanism of adhesion through cadherin-catenin-complex has remained the same. At a functional level, we found that siRNA knock down of N-cadherin in MSC resulted in decreased adhesion of HSC to MSC and in a reduction of cell divisions of HSC. These results confirm that direct cellular contact via N-cadherin-based junctions is essential for homing and adhesion of HSC to the cellular niche and subsequently for the regulation of self-renewal versus differentiation in HSC.

scholarly journals AKT Signaling Prevailing in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulates the Functionality of Hematopoietic Stem Cells via Intercellular Communication

Stem Cells ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 2354-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Ranjita Devi Moirangthem ◽  
Anuradha Vaidya ◽  
Sapana Jalnapurkar ◽  
Lalita Limaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

scholarly journals Native associations of early hematopoietic stem cells and stromal cells isolated in bone marrow cell aggregates

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Funk ◽  
PW Kincade ◽  
PL Witte
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Factor C

In suspensions of murine bone marrow, many stromal cells are tightly entwined with hematopoietic cells. These cellular aggregations appear to exist normally within the marrow. Previous studies showed that lymphocytes and stem cells adhered to stromal cells via vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). Injection of anti-VCAM1 antibody into mice disrupts the aggregates, showing the importance of VCAM1 in the adhesion between stromal cells and hematopoietic cells in vivo. Early hematopoietic stem cells were shown to be enriched in aggregates by using a limiting-dilution culture assay. Myeloid progenitors responsive to WEHI-3CM in combination with stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) and B220- B-cell progenitors responsive to insulin-like growth factor-1 in combination with interleukin-7 are not enriched. We propose a scheme of stromal cell-hematopoietic cell interactions based on the cell types selectively retained within the aggregates. The existence of these aggregates as native elements of bone marrow organization presents a novel means to study in vivo stem cell-stromal cell interaction.

A secreted and LIF-mediated stromal cell–derived activity that promotes ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1957-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Chih Shih ◽  
Mickey C.-T. Hu ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Yehua Weng ◽  
Paul J. Yazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Expansion

Abstract The development of culture systems that facilitate ex vivo maintenance and expansion of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is vital to stem cell research. Establishment of such culture systems will have significant impact on ex vivo manipulation and expansion of transplantable stem cells in clinical applications such as gene therapy, tumor cell purging, and stem cell transplantation. We have recently developed a stromal-based culture system that facilitates ex vivo expansion of transplantable human HSCs. In this stromal-based culture system, 2 major contributors to the ex vivo stem cell expansion are the addition of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and the AC6.21 stromal cells. Because the action of LIF is indirect and mediated by stromal cells, we hypothesized that LIF binds to the LIF receptor on AC6.21 stromal cells, leading to up-regulated production of stem cell expansion promoting factor (SCEPF) and/or down-regulated production of stem cell expansion inhibitory factor (SCEIF). Here we demonstrate a secreted SCEPF activity in the conditioned media of LIF-treated AC6.21 stromal cell cultures (SCM-LIF). The magnitude of ex vivo stem cell expansion depends on the concentration of the secreted SCEPF activity in the SCM-LIF. Furthermore, we have ruled out the contribution of 6 known early-acting cytokines, including interleukin-3, interleukin-6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, flt3 ligand, and thrombopoietin, to this SCEPF activity. Although further studies are required to characterize this secreted SCEPF activity and to determine whether this secreted SCEPF activity is mediated by a single factor or by multiple growth factors, our results demonstrate that stromal cells are not required for this secreted SCEPF activity to facilitate ex vivo stem cell expansion.

scholarly journals Native associations of early hematopoietic stem cells and stromal cells isolated in bone marrow cell aggregates

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Funk ◽  
PW Kincade ◽  
PL Witte
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Factor C

Abstract In suspensions of murine bone marrow, many stromal cells are tightly entwined with hematopoietic cells. These cellular aggregations appear to exist normally within the marrow. Previous studies showed that lymphocytes and stem cells adhered to stromal cells via vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). Injection of anti-VCAM1 antibody into mice disrupts the aggregates, showing the importance of VCAM1 in the adhesion between stromal cells and hematopoietic cells in vivo. Early hematopoietic stem cells were shown to be enriched in aggregates by using a limiting-dilution culture assay. Myeloid progenitors responsive to WEHI-3CM in combination with stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) and B220- B-cell progenitors responsive to insulin-like growth factor-1 in combination with interleukin-7 are not enriched. We propose a scheme of stromal cell-hematopoietic cell interactions based on the cell types selectively retained within the aggregates. The existence of these aggregates as native elements of bone marrow organization presents a novel means to study in vivo stem cell-stromal cell interaction.

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