scholarly journals Determinants of Active Tuberculosis Occurrences after ART Initiation among Adult HIV-Positive Clients in West Showa Zone Public Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gerbaba Guta Nugus ◽  
Mergitu Eliyas Irena
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Adherence Level ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Control Study

Introduction. Tuberculosis is a major public health concern globally, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. It is the most common opportunistic infection and leading cause of mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus despite increased deliverance of antiretroviral therapy. Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of active tuberculosis among adult HIV positive patients after ART initiation in West Showa Zone public hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods. Multicentred unmatched case-control study was conducted on selected public hospitals in West Showa Zone from February to June, 2019. A total of 406 participants (203 cases and 203 controls) were included in the study. Cases were adult HIV patients who developed tuberculosis after ART initiation while controls were adult HIV patients who did not develop tuberculosis after ART initiation. Data were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 statistical software. Statistical significance test was set at 95% confidence level. Results. This study identified that patient’s previous TB history (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.90; P value<0.001), haemoglobin level (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.98, 6.79; P value<0.001), CD4 cells count (AOR = 2.02; CI: 1.24, 3.29; P value=0.004), adherence level (AOR = 19.00; CI: 5.59, 64.59; P vaue<0.001), and WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage (AOR = 2.58; CI: 1.59, 4.18; P vaue<0.001) were found to be statistically significant determinants for the occurrence of tuberculosis among PLHIV after ART initiation. Conclusion. Patient’s previous TB history, haemoglobin level, CD4 cells count, adherence level, and WHO clinical stage were significant determinants of occurrence of tuberculosis after ART initiation in PLHIV.

scholarly journals Determinants of neonatal near misses among neonates admitted to Guji and Borena zones selected public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A facility based unmatched case control study design

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e0000168
Author(s):  
Anteneh Fikrie ◽  
Elias Amaje ◽  
Amana Jilo Bonkiye ◽  
Wako Golicha Wako ◽  
Alqeer Aliyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Interval ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

There is little available evidence that quantifies the determinats of NNM in Ethiopia despite an increasing magnitude of neonatal mortality. Therefore, this study was designed to provide concrte evidence about the determinats of NNMS among neonates admitted to Guji and Borena Zones Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, 2021. A facility based unmatched case control study design was conducted on 402 (134 cases and 268 controls) selected neonates admitted to Bule Hora, Adola and Yabelo General Hospitals from February 1-March 31, 2021. Cases were consecutively selected. Whereas for each case, two controls were selected by systematic random sampling technique. The data collection included a pretested and structured face-to-face interviewer administered questionnaire with a supplementation of maternal and neonatal medical records with checklists. Then the data were coded and entered in to Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science IBM version 25 for analysis. The descriptive statistics run and the results of the data were presented using frequencies, and tables. Bivariable and multi variable logistic regression was used for the analsysis of the data. Finally, Adjusted Odds Ratio together with 95% Confidence Intervals and p value <0.05 was used to declare the significance of all statistic. A total of 134 cases (neonatal near misses) and 268 controls (normal neonate) were participated in this study to make a response rate of 100% for both cases, and controls. In this study rural residence (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.96), previous history of neonatal death (AOR = 4.85, 95%CI: 2.24,10.49), birth interval ≤ 2 years (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.11) and history of abortion (both induced and miscarriage) (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.17, 3.31) were found to be statistically significant at a p-value of <0.05. History of prior abortion history of prior neonatal death and short birth interval (≤ 2 years) were identified to be the determinats of NNMs. High quality antenatal and intrapartum continuum of care should be provided for women and neonates. Additionally, contraceptive utilization should be encouraged for a women to space the births of their children.

scholarly journals Determinants of Birth Asphyxia At Public Hospitals in Ilu Aba Bor Zone Southwest, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarekegn Fekede Wolde ◽  
Firomsa Bekele ◽  
Abeya Fufa
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Local Context ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Despite birth asphyxia is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn; its determinants were not investigated according to local context especially in this area. Thus, this study aims to investigate the determinants of birth asphyxia at Illu Aba Bor zone public health facilities. Study Design: An Institution based a case-control study. Methods: Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 308 (103 cases and 205 controls) newborn. Data were collected using checklist for record review & interviewer administered questionnaire and entered in to Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Variables with P-value <0.25 were taken to multi-variable regression. Backward likelihood ratio with 0.1 probability removal was used to develop the model. Collinearity, goodness fit of final model using Hosmer Lemeshow test considering good fit at P-value ≥ 0.05 (0.208), omnibus likelihood test <0.05(0.000) and model classification of accuracy (77.9%) were checked. Odds Ratio estimated with 95% CI was used to show strength of association and P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: A total of 308 (103 cases and 205 controls) mothers of newborns were interviewed yielding a response rate of 100%. The mean age (±Standard deviation) of mothers for the cases and the controls were 25.97 (SD: ±4.47) and 25.52(SD: ±4.17), respectively. Being not educated (non-formal education) [AOR=2.44; (95%CI:1.37, 4.34)], having antenatal care follow up <4 [AOR=2.30; (95% CI:1.17, 4.53)], Prolonged duration of labour [AOR=4.12; (95% CI:1.78, 9.50)], non-cephalic fetal presentation [AOR=4.35; (95%CI:1.77, 10.67)] and being primi-gravida [AOR=2.14; (95%CI:1.20, 3.83)] were the predictors of birth asphyxia. Whereas, neonatal factor such as: being preterm [AOR=5.77; (l95%:2.62, 12.69)] and low birth weight [AOR=4.43; (95% CI: 1.94, 10.13)] were also the predictors of birth asphyxia Conclusion: Predictors were maternal and newborn related characteristics. Therefore, interventions focusing in this area should give priority for these identified determinants.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Late Presentation to HIV Care Among Patients Attending in Public Hospitals of Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018/19. Case- Control Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teklay Araya Tesfay ◽  
Desta Hailu Aregawi ◽  
Hiwotea Melese Geltu ◽  
Kiros Belay Gebrekidan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mekelle City ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The European Late Presenter Consensus Working Group, defines “late presentation” as initial presentation to HIV care with a CD4 cell count of <200 cells/μl. Globally, 36.9 million people were living with HIV, African region remains most severely affected, with nearly 1 in every 25 adults. In 2017, around 940,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses worldwide.Methods Hospital based case control study was conducted from Nov 2018-June 2019 in public hospitals of Mekelle city. Using simple random sampling technique 114 cases and 229 controls were included in the study. Data was coded and entered to Statistical Package for Social Science version 23 for data analysis. Variables with p-value<0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were selected for multivariable logistic regression to identify factors of HIV presentation. Odds ratio was estimated with 95% CI to show strength of association and p-value <0.005 was used to declare stastical significance in multivariable analysis. Results was summarized and presented by tables, and charts. Percentage, frequency, standard deviation and mean was calculated.Result The mean age among cases, controls was 39.7(sd + 11.5), 34 (SD+10.2) respectively. Prior HIV related teaching before enrolment to care 3.48(AOR=3.48(1.57-7.70), having symptoms while starting care 3.85(AOR=3.85(1.91-774), presence of chronic illness 4.59(AOR=4.59, 95%CI: 2.17-9.74) and Being challenged during care 1.84(AOR=1.84, 95%CI: 0.13-0.77) were independent predictors of late presentation to HIV care and support.Conclusion and recommendation Prior HIV related teaching before enrolment to care, symptom while starting care, presence of chronic illness and challenge faced during care were significantly associated with late presentation. It is better to give emphasis in providing prior HIV related teaching and cousling.

SERUM PROLACTINE LEVEL IN PATIENTS OF PSORIASIS VULGARIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Saini ◽  
Devendra Yadav ◽  
Rozy Badyal ◽  
Suresh Jain ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
R Value ◽  
Control Study

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin mediated by T-lymphocytes resulting in production of cytokines which cause hyperproliferation of keratinocytes.  Several factors and hormones like Prolactin have an action similar to these cytokines in promoting the multiplication of keratinocytes and other cells like lymphocytes and epithelial cells may have a role on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis. Aim:-The aim of study is to compare the serum Prolactin levels in patients of psoriasis with a control group. Setting and study design: This is a case-control study conducted in the department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy GMC, Kota over a period of 1year from July 2017 to June 2018 Material and method: The study included 100 cases of psoriasis (60 males and 40 females) and 100 controls similar for age and sex. Serum Prolactin levels were measured by ECLIA and results were obtained. Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable. Statistical significance of the results was analyzed using correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) and independent samples t-test. Statistical significance was assumed at p value<0.05. Result: Serum Prolactin level was significantly higher in cases of psoriasis compared to controls (p-value <0.001). PASI score and serum Prolactin levels were found to have a positive correlation (r value = 0.337; p-value: 0.001). No significant  correlation was found between serum levels of Prolactin and duration of disease r value= -0.034, P value =0.733). Serum Prolactin level was higher in male patients compared to females patients. Conclusion:- High serum Prolactin may be a biological marker of disease severity in psoriasis and may have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies with large sample size are required to confirm this hypothesis.

ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS BANDA RAYA KOTA BANDA ACEH TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah ◽  
Asnawi Abdullah ◽  
Melania Hidayat ◽  
Qatratul Asrar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Banda Aceh

Latar Belakang: Pneumonia merupakan pembunuh utama balita di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan Laporan Dinas Kesehatan Banda Aceh tahun 2018, jumlah balita penderita Pneumonia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Kasus Pneumonia balita yang paling banyak terdapat di UPTD Puskesmas Banda Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Banda Raya Kota Banda Aceh tahun 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Case Control Study atau Retrospective Study. Penelitian ini menggunakan total populasi dengan jumlah sampel adalah 142 anak balita berusia 12–59 bulan. Data dianalisis secara Univariat dan Bivariat. Analisis Bivariat menggunakan Uji Chi-Square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95% (p value0.05). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia adalah luas ventilasi rumah (OR=15.81; CI 95%=4.70-53.12; p value=0.0001); sedangkan umur balita (OR=1.15; CI 95%=0.54-2.43; p value=0.705); jenis kelamin (OR=1.11; CI 95%=0.57-2.16; p value=0.737); pengetahuan ibu (OR=0.38; CI 95%=0.12-1.24; p value=0.112); dan kepadatan hunian (OR=1.80; CI 95%=0.78-4.13; p value=0.163), tidak terbukti secara signifikan sebagai faktor risiko pneumonia balita di UPTD Puskesmas Banda Raya Kota Banda Aceh. Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Pneumonia balita adalah luas ventilasi rumah. Oleh karena itu diperlukannya sanitasi lingkungan yang sehat sebagai upaya preventif terhadap kejadian Pneumonia, serta memperbaiki pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat.

Antioxidant potential of diet: Association between dietary antioxidant index and odds of coronary heart disease: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Farhad Vahid ◽  
Zahra Nasiri ◽  
Amir Abbasnezhad ◽  
Ezatollah Fazeli Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are among the leading causes of coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies investigated the relationship between dietary antioxidants and the risk/odds of CHD, and contradictory results have been reported. Dietary antioxidant index (DAI) is a novel and reliable nutritional tool that examines the diet’s overall antioxidant capacity. Its validity was examined using serum total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DAI score and odds of CHD. METHODS: In this incidence case-control study, 320 individuals with a definitive diagnosis of CHD and 320 participants without CHD or related risk factors attending the same hospitals/polyclinics were selected as the case and control groups. We estimated the DAI by summing up six standardized intakes of major dietary antioxidants, including manganese, vitamin E, A, C, selenium, and zinc. RESULTS: Modeling DAI categorized according to the median (–0.38), in multi-adjusted model showed a significant protective association with the odd of CHD (OR = 0.72; 95%CI:0.51–0.99, p-value = 0.05). Also, modeling DAI as a continuous variable in multi-adjusted models (OR = 0.94;95%CI:0.90–0.95; p-value = 0.01) showed significant results. CONCLUSION: Using the DAI to investigate the relationship between dietary antioxidants and CHD can show more realistic results than a single study of antioxidants.

Risk Factors Associated With Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, 2018: Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Ali Hussein Nassar ◽  
Amr Abdulaziz Torbosh ◽  
Yassin Abdulmalik Mahyoub ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and risk of oral cancer: a case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
José Francisco de Góis Filho ◽  
Luiz Paulo Kowalski ◽  
Marcos Brasilino de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
P Value ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between dietary patterns and oral cancer. METHODS: The study, part of a Latin American multicenter hospital-based case-control study, was conducted in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between November 1998 and March 2002 and included 366 incident cases of oral cancer and 469 controls, frequency-matched with cases by sex and age. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The risk associated with the intake of food groups defined a posteriori, through factor analysis (called factors), was assessed. The first factor, labeled "prudent," was characterized by the intake of vegetables, fruit, cheese, and poultry. The second factor, "traditional," consisted of the intake of rice, pasta, pulses, and meat. The third factor, "snacks," was characterized as the intake of bread, butter, salami, cheese, cakes, and desserts. The fourth, "monotonous," was inversely associated with the intake of fruit, vegetables and most other food items. Factor scores for each component retained were calculated for cases and controls. After categorization of factor scores into tertiles according to the distribution of controls, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: "Traditional" factor showed an inverse association with cancer (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.32; 0.81, p-value for trend 0.14), whereas "monotonous" was positively associated with the outcome (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.78; 2.85, p-value for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study data suggest that the traditional Brazilian diet, consisting of rice and beans plus moderate amounts of meat, may confer protection against oral cancer, independently of any other risk factors such as alcohol intake and smoking.

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