scholarly journals Gender Difference on the Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yunzhi Liu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xinghuan Xie ◽  
Aiping Yin ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Apap Hepatotoxicity

Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is the leading cause of drug-induced liver failure, which is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Studies in clinical trials and in animal models have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) affect the progression of various types of liver damage. Interestingly, the sex-dependent effect of n-3 PUFAs on human health has also been well documented. However, it is unknown whether supplementation of n-3 PUFAs modulates the pathogenesis of APAP-induced liver failure with sex-specificity. Our results showed that both endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFAs significantly aggravated the APAP-induced liver injury in male mice, whereas the opposite effects were observed in females. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that estrogen contributes to the gender difference in the regulation of n-3 PUFAs on APAP overdose. We found that n-3 PUFA-mediated regulation of hepatic oxidative stress response and autophagy upon APAP challenge is distinct between male and female mice. Moreover, we provided evidence that β-catenin signaling activation is responsible for the sex-dependent regulation of APAP hepatotoxicity by n-3 PUFAs. Together, these findings indicated that supplementation with n-3 PUFAs displays sex-differential effect on APAP hepatotoxicity and could have profound significance in the clinical management for drug-induced liver injury.

scholarly journals Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Production of Prostaglandin E2and Nitric Oxide during Experimental Murine Paracoccidioidomycosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sargi ◽  
M. M. O. Dalalio ◽  
A. G. Moraes ◽  
J. E. L. Visentainer ◽  
D. R. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis

There has recently been increased interest in the potential health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the immune system. Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most important endemic mycosis in Latin America. Macrophages have a fundamental role and act as first line of organism defense. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of n-3 fatty acids on the production of PGE2and NO by mice infected with Pb18 and fed a diet enriched with LNA for 8 weeks. To study the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on macrophage activity during experimental paracoccidioidomycosis, mice were infected with Pb18 and fed a diet supplemented with LNA. PGE2in the serum of animals was analyzed and NO in the supernatants of macrophages cultured and challengedin vitrowith Pb18 was measured. Omega-3 fatty acids seemed to decrease the production of PGE2in vivoin the infected group fed an LNA-supplemented diet during the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment. At the same time, we observed an increase in synthesis of NO by peritoneal macrophages in this group. Omega-3 fatty acids thus appear to have an immunomodulatory effect in paracoccidioidomycosis.

scholarly journals n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Impede the TCR Mobility and the TCR–pMHC Interaction of Anti-Viral CD8+ T Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghyun Lim ◽  
Seyoung Kim ◽  
Sehoon Kim ◽  
Dong-In Kim ◽  
Kyung Won Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
In Vivo Models

The immune-suppressive effects of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on T cells have been observed via multiple in vitro and in vivo models. However, the precise mechanism that causes these effects is still undefined. In this study, we investigated whether n-3 PUFAs regulated T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interactions. The expansion of anti-viral CD8+ T cells that endogenously synthesize n-3 PUFAs (FAT-1) dramatically decreased upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in vivo. This decrease was not caused by the considerable reduction of TCR expression or the impaired chemotactic activity of T cells. Interestingly, a highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) microscopic analysis revealed that the TCR motility was notably reduced on the surface of the FAT-1 CD8+ T cells compared to the wild type (WT) CD8+ T cells. Importantly, the adhesion strength of the FAT-1 CD8+ T cells to the peptide-MHC was significantly lower than that of the WT CD8+T cells. Consistent with this result, treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one type of n-3 PUFA, significantly decreased CD8+ T cell adhesion to the pMHC. Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism through which n-3 PUFAs decrease TCR-pMHC interactions by modulating TCR mobility on CD8+ T cell surfaces.

scholarly journals Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) Is Suppressed by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Vitro and In Vivo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e89605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Taguchi ◽  
Kei Kawana ◽  
Kensuke Tomio ◽  
Aki Yamashita ◽  
Yosuke Isobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Sugar-Free Milk Chocolate as a Carrier of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Probiotics: A Potential Functional Food for the Diabetic Population

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Gómez-Fernández ◽  
Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán ◽  
Norma E. Orozco-Sánchez ◽  
Esther Pérez-Carrillo ◽  
Luis Martín Marín-Obispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Milk Chocolate ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Sugar Levels

Chocolate is an adequate matrix to deliver bioactive ingredients. However, it contains high sugar levels, one of the leading causes of chronic degenerative diseases. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of milk chocolate reformulation with alternative sugar sweeteners (Sw; isomalt + stevia), probiotics (Prob), and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on its physicochemical properties and consumers’ acceptability. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (L. p299v) and Lactobacillus acidophilus La3 (DSMZ 17742) were added as Prob strains, and fish oil (FO) was added as the source of ω-3 PUFAs. Prob addition resulted in chocolates with >2 × 107 colony forming unit (CFU) per serving size (12 g). Except for Prob, aw values of all treatments were <0.46. Sw and Sw + Prob presented the nearest values to the control in hardness, whereas Sw without FO increased fracturability. FO, Sw + FO, and Sw + Prob + FO contained 107.4 ± 12.84, 142.9 ± 17.9, and 133.78 ± 8.76 mg of ω-3 PUFAs per chocolate, respectively. Prob + FO increased the resistance of chocolate to shear stress, while Sw + FO showed a similar flow behavior to the control. The consumers’ acceptability of Sw + Prob chocolate was adequate, while Sw + Prob + FO had higher acceptability than Prob + FO. Health benefits of reformulated milk chocolates requires further assessment by in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.

Omega-3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth in vitro and in vivo via Downregulation of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling

Pancreatology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Sub Song ◽  
Kaipeng Jing ◽  
Jong-Seok Kim ◽  
Eun-Jin Yun ◽  
Soyeon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cell ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth

scholarly journals Importance of the Role of ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Progression of Brain Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Mayra Montecillo-Aguado ◽  
Belen Tirado-Rodriguez ◽  
Zhen Tong ◽  
Owen M. Vega ◽  
Mario Morales-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Omega 3

Brain cancer is one of the most malignant types of cancer in both children and adults. Brain cancer patients tend to have a poor prognosis and a high rate of mortality. Additionally, 20–40% of all other types of cancer can develop brain metastasis. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest that omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-PUFAs) could potentially be used in the prevention and therapy of several types of cancer. PUFAs and oxylipins are fundamental in preserving physiological events in the nervous system; it is, therefore, necessary to maintain a certain ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 for normal nervous system function. Alterations in PUFAs signaling are involved in the development of various pathologies of the nervous system, including cancer. It is well established that an omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-6 PUFA)-rich diet has a pro-tumoral effect, whereas the consumption of an ω-3 rich diet has an anti-tumoral effect. This review aims to offer a better understanding of brain cancer and PUFAs and to discuss the role and impact of PUFAs on the development of different types of brain cancer. Considering the difficulty of antitumor drugs in crossing the blood–brain barrier, the therapeutic role of ω-3/ω-6 PUFAs against brain cancer would be a good alternative to consider. We highlight our current understanding of the role of PUFAs and its metabolites (oxylipins) in different brain tumors, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression by focusing on recent research in vitro and in vivo.

Drug-induced liver injury classification model based on in vitro human transcriptomics and in vivo rat clinical chemistry data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyel Jennen ◽  
Jan Polman ◽  
Mark Bessem ◽  
Maarten Coonen ◽  
Joost van Delft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Chemistry Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Injury Classification
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