scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Botswana: A Nationally Representative Population-Based Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Neo M. Tapela ◽  
Lei Clifton ◽  
Gontse Tshisimogo ◽  
Moagi Gaborone ◽  
Tebogo Madidimalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and an emerging public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Few studies have examined performance on the management of hypertension in this region, where the context may be distinct from other developing regions. Objectives. We aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control among adults in Botswana, a middle-income African country undergoing rapid demographic transition and with high HIV burden. Methods. In this 2014 cross-sectional survey of adults aged 15–69 years, information on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behavior, and medical history was collected through in-person interviews and physical measurements (body mass index and triplicate blood pressure (BP)). Hypertension was defined as self-report of use of antihypertensives in the previous two weeks and/or having elevated BP (≥140/90 mmHg). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to explore factors associated with hypertension, awareness (report of previous diagnosis), treatment (antihypertensives), and control (BP < 140/90). Results. Our analysis (N = 4,007) yielded an age-standardized hypertension prevalence of 30% (95% CI: 28%–32%, N = 1,393). Among hypertensives, 54% (50–58%) were unaware of their condition, 45% (40–50%) of those aware were untreated, and 63% (55–70%) of those on medications were suboptimally treated (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg). A fifth of hypertensives who were diagnosed but not on medications had BP ≥ 180/110 mmHg. Diabetes was the strongest correlate of hypertension and awareness (aOR 4.00, 1.86–8.59; aOR 3.30, 1.44–7.55, respectively). Males were less likely to be aware (aOR 0.62, 0.41–0.94) or controlled (aOR 0.36, 0.16–0.83). Obese individuals were more likely to be treated (aOR 2.17, 1.12–4.22), yet less likely to be controlled (aOR 0.32, 0.15–0.66). Conclusions. We report the first nationally representative estimates of the hypertension care cascade performance in Botswana, which will support planning and future policy evaluations. Findings contribute to the relatively sparse evidence on this subject and may inform development of innovations that improve quality of hypertension management and adherence support in similar settings.

scholarly journals Determinants of Restrictive Spirometric Pattern in a Sub-Saharan Urban Setting: A Cross-sectional Population-based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Walter Pefura-Yone ◽  
Adamou Dodo Balkissou ◽  
Andre Pascal Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Restrictive Pattern

Background Restrictive spirometric pattern is a risk factor for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Objective We assessed the prevalence of restrictive pattern and investigated its determinants in a major sub-Saharan Africa city. Methods Participants were adults (≥ 19 years) who took part in a population-based survey in Yaounde (Cameroon) between December 2013 and April 2014. Restrictive pattern was based on a FVC below the lower limit of the normal (LLN) and a ratio forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/FVC ≥ LLN (LLN-based restrictive pattern) or a FVC <80% and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN (fixed cut-off based restrictive pattern). Determinants were investigated by logistic regressions. Results In all, 1003 participants [514 (51.2%) women] with a mean age of 33.7 years were included. The prevalence of restrictive pattern was 18.8% (95%CI: 16.6-21.2) based on LLN and 15.0% (13.0-17.2) based on fixed cut-off. LLN-based restrictive pattern was mild in 148 (78.3%) subjects, moderate in 35 (18.5%) and severe in 6 (3.2%). Determinants of LLN-based restrictive pattern were age ≥ 60 years [adjusted odds ratio 2.90 (95%CI 1.46-5.77), p=0.002), history of pulmonary tuberculosis [3.81(1.42-10.20), p=0.008], prevalent heart diseases [3.81 (1.20-12.12), p=0.024] and underweight [5.15(1.30-20.39), p=0.020]. Determinants were largely similar with slightly different effect sizes for fixed cut-off based restrictive pattern. Conclusion Restrictive pattern was very frequent in this city. Clinical implications These results enhance the needs to increase the efforts to prevent and control tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases and underweight in this setting.

Health concerns of adolescents in Tehran, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Baheiraei ◽  
Elham Khoori ◽  
Robert M. Weiler ◽  
Fazlollah Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Promotion Policies

Abstract Background: Adolescent health concerns are an important source of information that should be considered when planning school and community health promotion policies, programs and services. Adolescence is a critical period of human development and the health concerns of adolescents can point to important issues that may be eclipsed by epidemiologic and other clinical sources of information. This study aimed to assess the health concerns of adolescents living in Tehran, Iran and to examine associations between selected demographics and the health concerns reported by participants. Methods: This study was a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2011. Data were collected from a stratified random cluster sample of 915 adolescents, aged 14–18 years, living in Tehran, using the Persian version of the Adolescent Health Concern Inventory (AHCI-P). The data were analyzed using the χ2, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean numbers of health concerns in girls and boys were 48 (±27.6) and 44.5 (±27.4) respectively. The highest ranking health concern subscale for both girls and boys was The Future, and “being successful” was endorsed as the most prominent concern in the subscale. Female (OR: 1.42, CI 95%: 1.08–1.87), mother’s educational level (OR: 2.23, CI 95%: 1.07–4.65) and living in northern (OR: 1.76, CI 95%: 1.13–2.74) and western (OR: 2.02, CI 95%: 1.30–3.16) regions of Tehran were significant predictors of a higher level of health concerns. Conclusion: Findings can be used to inform school and public health promotion policies, programs and supportive services designed to improve the overall health and well-being of adolescents.

Advice and Care for Headaches: Who Seeks it, Who Gives it?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 740-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Thomas ◽  
HF Boardman ◽  
H Ogden ◽  
DS Millson ◽  
PR Croft
Keyword(s):  
Population Survey ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Using data from a cross-sectional survey and a prospective record linkage study the aims of this study were to: (i) determine sources of advice and care for headaches in a population survey of adults, and (ii) investigate prospectively the influences of headaches on general practice consultation in a 12-month follow-up of the responders to the population survey. A population based cross-sectional survey was mailed to 4885 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with an adjusted response rate of 56% ( n = 2662). The main outcome measures of interest were (i) self-report advice and care-seeking in the survey (ii) consultation with general practitioner for headache and for other conditions in 12-month period subsequent to the survey. Reporting a recent GP consultation for headache was associated with younger age (mean: 46 vs 48 years), female gender (68% vs 60%), and greater headache severity as measured by frequency, pain, and associated disability. The commonest sources of advice and care in the past were GPs (27%), opticians (21%), and pharmacists (8%). Consultations for headache were not common in the 12-months following the survey ( n = 144); however, those reporting a recent headache were almost 4 times more likely to consult subsequently with a headache than those not (relative risk; 95% CI: 3.7; 1.9, 7.0). Recent reporting of headache was also associated with an increased risk of consulting for mental disorders (1.7; 1.2, 2.6), diseases of the digestive (1.6; 1.1, 2.3) and respiratory system (1.4; 1.1, 1.8), and a decreased risk of consulting for circulatory diseases (0.8; 0.7, 1.0). Only a minority of headache sufferers consult their GP, regardless of severity, with opticians and pharmacists being other important sources of information. Headache appears to have an additional impact upon GP workload through increased rates of consultations for nonheadache conditions amongst headache sufferers. The interesting findings regarding rates of consultation for digestive and circulatory conditions amongst headache sufferers may be linked to the use of headache medication.

scholarly journals May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_B) ◽  
pp. B52-B54
Author(s):  
Jean-René M’Buyamba-Kabangu ◽  
Fortunat K Katamba ◽  
Mireille L Ntambwe ◽  
Georges N Ngoyi ◽  
Trésor M Tshiswaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Control

Abstract Hypertension, the foremost cause of global morbi-mortality, is linked with a high mortality from numerous cardiovascular endpoints. The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign is an annual initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) to collect information on blood pressure (BP) and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. MMM2019 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was an opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years that took place in Kinshasa and Mbuji-Mayi after the training of observers to familiarize with the ISH ad hoc methods. We screened 29 857 individuals (mean age: 40 years; 40% female). Hypertension was present in 7624 (25.5%) individuals. Of them, 2520 (33.1%) were aware, 1768 (23.2%) on treatment with 910 (51.5%) controlled BP (systolic BP &lt;140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP &lt;90 mmHg). Of all hypertensives screened, 11.9% had controlled BP. Of all respondents, 16.7% had participated in MMM18 and 60.5% did not have their BP verified during the last year. Fasting, pregnancy, and underweight status were linked with lower BP levels whilst smoking, drinking, antihypertensive medication, previous stroke, diabetes as well as being overweight/obese were associated with higher BP levels. Our results reflect the high rate of hypertension in the DRC with low levels of awareness, treatment, and control. A nationally representative sample is required to establish the nationwide hypertension prevalence.

scholarly journals Who gets lost and why: A representative cross-sectional survey on sociodemographic and vestibular determinants of wayfinding strategies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Ulrich ◽  
Eva Grill ◽  
Virginia L. Flanagin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractWhen we think of our family and friends, we probably know someone who is good at finding their way and someone else that easily get lost. We still know little about the biological and environmental factors that influence our navigational ability. Here, we investigated the frequency and sociodemographic determinants of wayfinding and their association with vestibular function in a representative cross-sectional sample (N = 783) of the adult German-speaking population. Wayfinding was assessed using the Wayfinding Strategy Scale, a self-report scale that produces two scores for each participant representing to what degree they rely on route-based or orientation (map-based) strategies. We were interested in the following research questions: (1) the frequency and determinants of wayfinding strategies in a population-based representative sample, (2) the relationship between vestibular function and strategy choice and (3) how sociodemographic factors influence general wayfinding ability as measured using a combined score from both strategy scores. Our linear regression models showed that being male, having a higher education, higher age and lower regional urbanization increased orientation strategy scores. Vertigo/dizziness reduced the scores of both the orientation and the route strategies. Using a novel approach, we grouped participants by their combined strategy scores in a multinomial regression model, to see whether individuals prefer one strategy over the other. The majority of individuals reported using either both or no strategy, instead of preferring one strategy over the other. Young age and reduced vestibular function were indicative of using no strategy. In summary, wayfinding ability depends on both biological and environmental factors; all sociodemographic factors except income. Over a third of the population, predominantly under the age of 35, does not successfully use either strategy. This represents a change in our wayfinding skills, which may result from the technological advances in navigational aids over the last few decades.

scholarly journals May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Benin–Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_B) ◽  
pp. B24-B26
Author(s):  
Corine Houehanou ◽  
Léopold Codjo ◽  
Philippe Adjagba ◽  
Arnaud Sonou ◽  
Hugues Dohou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Hypertension constitutes a major health concern worldwide and particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension for raising awareness of high blood pressure (BP). This work aims to determine the prevalence, awareness and levels of treatment and control of hypertension among adults participating in the MMM Campaign in Benin in 2019 (MMM19). A cross-sectional survey including volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in June 2019 in 13 rural and urban areas in Benin. BP measurement followed the MMM19 protocol. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, or a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg (based on the mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. A total of 3637 people were screened with a female predominance (61.4%) and a mean age of 44.4 ± 16.1 years. A total of 1363 (37.5%) participants had hypertension. Of 1363 participants with hypertension: 64.5% were aware of their status and 43.9% were taking antihypertensive medication. Among 598 participants taking anti-hypertensive medication, 34.9% had controlled BP (systolic BP &lt;140 mmHg and diastolic BP &lt;90 mmHg). The results suggest a high prevalence of hypertension in Benin and that intensifying actions for its primary prevention, early detection and effective management should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Dietary sources of salt intake in adults and older people: a population-based study in a Brazilian town

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1388-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Sia Perin ◽  
Marilia Estevam Cornélio ◽  
Henrique Ceretta Oliveira ◽  
Thais Moreira São-João ◽  
Caroline Rhéaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Older People ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
High Waist Circumference

AbstractObjectiveTo assess salt intake and its dietary sources using biochemical and self-report methods and to characterize salt intake according to sociodemographic and disease-related variables in a sample of the Brazilian population.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingSalt intake was assessed by biochemical (24 h urinary Na excretion) and self-report methods (sodium FFQ, 24 h dietary recall, seasoned-salt questionnaire, discretionary-salt questionnaire and total reported salt intake).ParticipantsAdults and older people (n 517) aged 20–80 years, living in Artur Nogueira, São Paulo, Brazil.ResultsMean salt intake based on 24 h urinary Na excretion and total reported salt intake was 10·5 and 11·0 g/d, respectively; both measures were significantly correlated. Discretionary salt and seasoned salt were the most important sources of salt intake (68·2 %). Men in the study consumed more salt than women as estimated by 24 h urinary Na excretion (11·7 v. 9·6 g salt/d; P<0·0001). Participants known to be hypertensive added more salt to their meals but consumed less salty ultra-processed foods. Waist circumference in both sexes and BMI were positively correlated with salt intake estimated by 24 h urinary Na excretion. In addition, regression analysis revealed that being a young male or having a high waist circumference was a predictor of higher salt intake.ConclusionsSalt intake in this population was well above the recommended amount. The main source of salt intake came from salt added during cooking. Salt intake varied according to sex and waist circumference.

scholarly journals Comorbidity and healthcare use for individuals with CVD in the Ireland: a cross-sectional, population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e025305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Service Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveThis study explores the factors associated with health service use for individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and comorbidity in the Ireland.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingNationally representative health and health service use survey from the 2010 Quarterly National Household Survey was analysed.Primary outcome measuresFour outcome variables were examined: no CVD, CVD only, CVD with CVD-related comorbidities and CVD with non-CVD-related comorbidity.ResultsOf the 791 individuals reporting doctor-diagnosed CVD, 77% had a second morbidity. Using type of healthcare coverage as a proxy for socioeconomic status, both CVD-related and non CVD-related comorbidity increases the use of health service usage substantially for individuals with CVD, particularly general practitioner services (8.47, CI 4.49 to 15.96 and 5.20, CI 2.10 to 12.84) and inpatient public hospital care (3.64, CI 2.93 to 4.51 and 3.00, CI 2.11 to 4.26).ConclusionThis study indicated that even when demographic and socioeconomic factors are controlled for, comorbidity significantly increases the risk of accessing health services for individuals with CVD.

scholarly journals Relationship between body weight perception and weight-related behaviours

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3796-3808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawima Sirirassamee ◽  
Sasiwan Phoolsawat ◽  
Supakorn Limkhunthammo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Objectives This study aimed to examine the prevalence of weight misperception and to explore the association of weight perception with physical activity and dietary intake. Methods A population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted of 920 Thai adolescents aged 13 to 24 years. Respondents were selected using stratified multistage sampling. Respondents who agreed to participate were asked to complete the Youth Risk Behavior Questionnaire. Results Females were more likely than males to misperceive themselves as overweight (21.8% vs. 11.7%), whereas males were more likely than females to misperceive themselves as underweight (12.3% vs. 3.4%). Males were more likely than females to report a high intake of vegetables (45.7% vs. 38.0%), milk (39.1% vs. 38.0%), 100% fruit juice (20.9% vs. 17.7%) and soda or pop (38.5% vs. 20.6%). Males were also more likely than females to report vigorous physical activity of more than 60 minutes per day (38.1% vs. 21.3%) and vigorous exercise to strengthen or tone muscles (37.3% vs. 13.2%). Conclusions Gender differences in dietary intake and physical activity were identified. However, there were no significant differences in dietary intake and physical activity between adolescents who correctly perceived themselves as overweight and those who misperceived themselves as overweight.

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