scholarly journals A New Approach for Measuring the Resilience of Transport Infrastructure Networks

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Xue ◽  
Xun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Method ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Air Transport Networks ◽  
System Resilience

Resilience is an important property of transport infrastructure networks. Resilient transport infrastructure networks can retain the performance in case of disturbances and quickly recover to the original performance level after the disturbances. This study proposes a new approach that can measure the resilience of transport infrastructure networks. The new approach gives a unified conceptual framework for measuring the resilience of transport infrastructure networks. A network simulation-based method is used to analyze the influential factors of transport infrastructure network resilience. A new measuring method is developed based on network diversity characteristic to quantitatively measure the system resilience and node resilience of transport infrastructure networks. China railway and air transport networks are selected as a case study to applicability of new approach. This new approach provides strong supports for academic and industrial fields to measure, analyze, enhance, and optimize the resilience of transport infrastructure networks.

scholarly journals Methodology for Determining the Location of Intermodal Transport Terminals for the Development of Sustainable Transport Systems: A Case Study from Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Ližbetin
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Public Networks ◽  
Essential Connection ◽  
Private Investors

A high-quality infrastructure and technical base is a vital factor in the development of intermodal transport in transport systems. Intermodal transport terminals are the most important component of a combined transport infrastructure, providing an essential connection between different modes of transport. This article deals with the issue of where to locate intermodal transport terminals within a transport network. In reality, this decision comes down to the potential of a particular location (e.g., an industrial park) and the critical role of private investors. These are mostly subjective factors, whereby little or no consideration is given to objective criteria. Within this context, it is extremely important that decisions are taken with regards to the development and construction of public networks, and economically neutral intermodal transport terminals by independent subjects are based on a non-discriminatory approach. In other words, it is essential that such terminals are built in places that comply with the stated priorities of the transport policy of a specific state. In this article, the author puts forward a method for determining the location of terminals that are based on the optimisation of several influential factors. The specified methodology is applied to a case study in Slovakia. The theoretical part of the article deals with the nature of the method to be applied. The discussion part involves a case study concerning the (potential) location of intermodal transport terminals in the Slovak Republic.

Simulation Based Acquisition: A New Approach

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Johnson ◽  
Mark F. McKeon ◽  
Terence R. Szanto
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Simulation Based

A framework for modeling and assessing system resilience using a Bayesian network: A case study of an interdependent electrical infrastructure system

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 62-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain ◽  
Raed Jaradat ◽  
Seyedmohsen Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Marufuzzaman ◽  
Randy K. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
System Resilience

scholarly journals An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Xingyue Zhu ◽  
Kaixiong Yu ◽  
Xiaofan Zhu ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Chi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrometer ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Reflection Probe

Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer. The regression model based on weighted average kernel partial least squares (WA-KPLS) algorithm together with corrections for temperature and salinity (TSC) is established. After that, the seawater samples from Western Pacific and Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China with the addition of various nitrate concentrations are studied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the method. The results show that the TSC-WA-KPLS algorithm shows the best results when compared against the multiple linear regression (MLR) and ISUS (in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer) algorithms in the temperatures range of 4–25 °C, with RMSEP of 0.67 µmol/L for Aoshan Bay seawater and 1.08 µmol/L for Western Pacific seawater. The method proposed in this paper is suitable for measuring the nitrate concentration in seawater with higher accuracy, which could find application in the development of in-situ and real-time nitrate sensors.

Benefit Corporations Approach to Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure: A Focus on Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Sciarelli ◽  
Silvia Cosimato ◽  
Giovanni Landi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Governance Disclosure

AbstractOver the last decades, Benefit Corporations arouse as a new corporate structure, alternative to traditional ones and pointing to offer a new approach to the management of business and sustainability issues. These companies' activities are statutory aimed at bridging for-profit and no-profit activities; thus, they intentionally and statutory pursue economic purposes together with social and environmental ones, to create a positive impact on economy, society and environment. Even though, Italian and other national laws set some specific disclosure duties for Benefit Corporations, especially in terms of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues, the literature still calls for further research on the topic. Therefore, this paper is aimed at contributing to bridge this gap, investigating the way Italian Benefit Corporations approach ESG disclosure. To this end, an exploratory analysis has been conducted, implementing a qualitative method, based on a multiple case study strategy. Even though the descriptive nature of the study, the achieved findings pointed out that the Benefit Corporation structure not necessarily implies a better approach to ESG.

scholarly journals Perceived Trip Time Reliability and Its Cost in a Rail Transit Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7504
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Paul Schonfeld ◽  
Jinqu Chen ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Qiyuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Buffer Time ◽  
Transfer Times

Time reliability in a Rail Transit Network (RTN) is usually measured according to clock-based trip time, while the travel conditions such as travel comfort and convenience cannot be reflected by clock-based trip time. Here, the crowding level of trains, seat availability, and transfer times are considered to compute passengers’ Perceived Trip Time (PTT). Compared with the average PTT, the extra PTT needed for arriving reliably, which equals the 95th percentile PTT minus the average PTT, is converted into the monetary cost for estimating Perceived Time Reliability Cost (PTRC). The ratio of extra PTT needed for arriving reliably to the average PTT referring to the buffer time index is proposed to measure Perceived Time Reliability (PTR). To overcome the difficulty of obtaining passengers’ PTT who travel among rail transit modes, a Monte Carlo simulation is applied to generated passengers’ PTT for computing PTR and PTRC. A case study of Chengdu’s RTN shows that the proposed metrics and method measure the PTR and PTRC in an RTN effectively. PTTR, PTRC, and influential factors have significant linear relations among them, and the obtained linear regression models among them can guide passengers to travel reliably.

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