scholarly journals Sex-Specific Associations of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Zonulin with Signs of Depression in Carbohydrate Malabsorbers and Nonmalabsorbers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Meinitzer ◽  
Andreas Baranyi ◽  
Sandra Holasek ◽  
Wolfgang J. Schnedl ◽  
Sieglinde Zelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Carbohydrate Malabsorption ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
Breath Testing ◽  
Lactase Gene ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Gender Specific

Background. The microbiome-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and the intestinal permeability marker zonulin are considered to be linked with depression. Moreover, carbohydrate malabsorption (CMA) was shown to be associated with signs of depression. This study is aimed at investigating possible sex-specific associations between TMAO and zonulin and the presence of depressive signs in individuals with and without CMA. Methods. Serum concentrations of TMAO and zonulin were determined in 115 and 136 individuals with the presence or absence of CMA. All 251 study participants underwent lactase gene C/T-13910 polymorphism genotyping and fructose H2/CH4 breath testing. Additionally, they filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaire. Results. The median TMAO and zonulin serum concentrations were 2.66 (1.93–4.14) μmol/L and 40.83 (34.73–47.48) ng/mL. Serum TMAO levels were positively correlated with depressive symptoms (P=0.011, ρ=0.160). The strongest correlations were observed in 87 females (P=0.010, ρ=0.274) and 49 males (P=0.027, ρ=0.315) without CMA, whereas 115 patients with CMA showed no significant correlations. Zonulin tended to be negatively correlated with the BDI-II score in 49 males without CMA (P=0.062, ρ=−0.269). Conclusion. This study demonstrates a positive correlationship between the serum TMAO concentrations and the severity of depressive symptoms in females and males without CMA. Serum zonulin levels were negatively correlated with signs of depression in males without CMA. These findings suggest a gender-specific relationship between the serum TMAO and zonulin concentrations, depression, and CMA.

scholarly journals Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Improvement in Depressive Symptoms, and Its Association with Abundance of Actinobacteria in Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Machiko Otaka ◽  
Hiroko Kikuchi-Hayakawa ◽  
Jun Ogura ◽  
Hiroshi Ishikawa ◽  
Yukihito Yomogida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
And Biological Markers

We previously reported lower counts of lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), compared with healthy controls. This prompted us to investigate the possible efficacy of a probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS; basonym, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota; daily intake of 8.0 × 1010 colony-forming units), in alleviating depressive symptoms. A single-arm trial was conducted on 18 eligible patients with MDD or bipolar disorder (BD) (14 females and 4 males; 15 MDD and 3 BD), assessing changes in psychiatric symptoms, the gut microbiota, and biological markers for intestinal permeability and inflammation, over a 12-week intervention period. Depression severity, evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, was significantly alleviated after LcS treatment. The intervention-associated reduction of depressive symptoms was associated with the gut microbiota, and more pronounced when Bifidobacterium and the Atopobium clusters of the Actinobacteria phylum were maintained at higher counts. No significant changes were observed in the intestinal permeability or inflammation markers. Although it was difficult to estimate the extent of the effect of LcS treatment alone, the results indicated that it was beneficial to alleviate depressive symptoms, partly through its association with abundance of Actinobacteria in the gut microbiota.

Clinical profiles relating gender and depressive symptoms among adolescents ascertained by the Beck Depression Inventory II

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Coelho ◽  
A. Martins ◽  
H. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Social Demographic

SummaryPurposeDepressive disorders (DD) in adolescence are often misdiagnosed and under-recognised. A major clinical problem regards the high rate of co-morbidity with other disorders, namely substance abuse. The aim of this study was to assess the discriminative power of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) to characterise specific social–demographic variables related to DD in adolescence.MethodsA Portuguese version of the BDI-II and a social–demographic questionnaire were administered to 775 Portuguese adolescents (312 males, 463 females; mean age: 16.9 years); 83 adolescents performed a clinical interview following DSM-IV criteria.ResultsMean BDI-II Portuguese version (BDI-II-P) total score was 10.31 (standard deviation: 8.4), with females reporting more depressive symptoms than males (P < 0.001). Low academic achievement, sleep disturbances, and alcohol consumption were consistently associated with depressive symptoms for both genders. Higher tobacco consumption was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in females. Familial factors did not appear to be associated with depressive symptoms in males. However, a higher frequency of siblings, having separated parents as well as a more extreme perception of the mother's educational style were consistently associated with depressive symptoms in females.ConclusionThe BDI-II-P showed discriminative power to characterise social–demographic variables related to DD especially in adolescent females.

THE NATURE OF DEPRESSIVE RUMINATION AND ITS CONNECTION WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 761-787
Author(s):  
Marta M. Maslej ◽  
Benoit H. Mulsant ◽  
Paul W. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
Depressive Rumination ◽  
Joint Factor Analysis

Introduction: Researchers have proposed several theories of depressive rumination. To compare among them, we conducted a joint factor analysis. Methods: An online sample (n = 498) completed four rumination questionnaires and the Beck Depression Inventory. We examined associations between emerging factors and depressive symptoms. Results: Most commonly, people ruminated about solving problems in their lives, followed by the causes or consequences of negative situations. They least commonly ruminated about their symptoms and sadness. Thoughts about symptoms and causes or consequences of negative situations uniquely related to depressive symptoms. There was a circular covariance relation between depressive symptoms, thoughts about causes or consequences, and problem-solving, suggesting that symptoms are regulated by a negative feedback loop involving problem-solving. This feedback was not present unless models included thoughts about causes or consequences, suggesting that these thoughts benefit problem-solving. Discussion: Depressive rumination may be a dynamic process involving various thoughts, with different combinations of thoughts having different consequences for depression.

scholarly journals Another way of looking at treatment stability

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Zinad ◽  
Annemie M.W.J. Schols ◽  
Jan G.J.H. Schols
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Class I ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Gender Specific

ABSTRACT Objective:  To determine the contribution of normal physiological changes to the overall manifestation of a relapse after orthodontic treatment. We analyzed long-term changes in the dentition of patients with Class I malocclusions after orthodontic treatment compared with a representative group with untreated Class I malocclusions. Materials and Methods:  Study participants (n  =  66; mean age, 12 years at treatment initiation) were treated for Class I malocclusions. Dental changes were evaluated at 2, 5, 10, and 15 years after treatment. Control participants (n  =  79) had untreated Class I malocclusions (n  =  53 evaluated at ages 12 and 22 years; n  =  26 evaluated at ages 19 and 39 years). Dental changes were evaluated with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Results:  In untreated and treated groups, PAR scores increased over time with gender-specific changes. In the untreated groups, the PAR score significantly increased in male participants between the ages of 12 and 22 years (P  =  .04) and in female participants between the ages of 19 and 39 years (P  =  .001). In the treated group, early posttreatment changes were primarily related to the initial treatment response. Later changes in the PAR score could be attributed to physiological changes, with the same gender-specific changes as those observed in the untreated group. Conclusions:  The pattern of physiological changes in dentition for participants between the ages of 12 and 39 was different between sexes. Females showed more relapse than males between 10 and 15 years posttreatment. This distinction should be considered when evaluating long-term orthodontic treatment responses.

Thought–Action Fusion: Is it Present in Schizophrenia?

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Kabakcı ◽  
Başaran Demir ◽  
Hilal Demirel ◽  
Ali Emre Şevik
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

AbstractThought–action fusion (TAF) refers to the belief that thoughts and actions are linked. While ‘Moral’ TAF refers to the belief that unacceptable thoughts are morally equivalent to overt actions, ‘Likelihood’ TAF is the belief that certain thoughts can increase the probability of some events (related to self or others) to occur. The objective of this study was to compare the schizophrenic patients with nonclinical controls in terms of TAF Likelihood and TAF Moral after controlling for the effects of obsessive compulsive and depressive symptoms, magical ideation and schizotypy. The sample was composed of patients hospitalised for schizophrenia (n = 45) and nonclinical control subjects (n = 41). Thought–Action Fusion Scale, Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory, Magical Ideation Scale, Schizotypal Personality Characteristics Subscale and Beck Depression Inventory were administered. Results revealed that after controlling the effects of obsessive–compulsive and depressive symptoms, magical ideation and schizotypy, patients still had higher scores on TAF Likelihood Others but not on Self. Patients also had a tendency to get higher scores on TAF Moral. It is concluded that the study shows the presence of TAF Likelihood Others in schizophrenia even after controlling for the effects of magical ideation, depressive and OCD symptoms and schizotypal characteristics.

Abstract P314: Physical Activity-Mediated Associations of Perceived Neighborhood Violence and Problems on Depressive Symptoms Among Jackson Heart Study Participants

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Tamura ◽  
Steven D Langerman ◽  
Stephanie L Orstad ◽  
Sam J Neally ◽  
Marcus R Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Little is known about whether links between perceived neighborhood social environment (PNSE) and depressive symptoms are mediated by physical activity (PA) levels. Hypothesis: We tested the hypotheses that total PA mediates relations between PNSE and depressive symptoms. Methods: We used Jackson Heart Study (JHS) baseline data. JHS is a prospective, community-based study of African Americans in the Jackson, MS (valid samples=2082; M age 52.4 years; 64% female). PNSE variables included neighborhood violence, problems (higher value=more violence or problems), and social cohesion (higher value=more cohesion). Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Validated total PA, based on active living, sport, and work indices, was tested as the mediator. Linear regressions with bootstrap-generated 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (BC CIs) were estimated using SAS 9.4 to test for significant unstandardized indirect effects, controlling for all covariates. Results: Participants had a mean depressive symptoms score of 10.8 ( SD =8.1). Neighborhood violence and problems were indirectly related to depressive symptoms via total PA ( β for indirect effects=.21, 95% BC CI =.02, .48 and .13, 95% BC CI =.01, .32, respectively). That is, higher violence and problems were related to lower total PA. In turn, higher total PA was associated with lower depressive symptoms ( Figure 1 ). Neighborhood violence and problems also were directly related to depressive symptoms ( p <.05). Yet, social cohesion was not indirectly or directly related to depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Higher perceived neighborhood violence and problems were positively related to depressive symptoms. These associations may be explained in part via lower total PA levels. Future interventions to reduce depressive symptoms attributed to neighborhood issues should consider PA promotion in conjunction with community efforts to reduce neighborhood violence and problems.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF INTERGENERATIONAL SUPPORT ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER MEXICAN AMERICANS: DOES GENDER MATTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S817-S817
Author(s):  
Yaolin Pei ◽  
Zhen Cong ◽  
Bei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract The study examined gender differences in the impact of living alone and intergenerational support on depressive symptoms among Mexican American older adults. The sample included 335 parent-adult child dyads which were nested within 92 Mexican American respondents in a city in West Texas. Each respondent reported their specific relationships with each child. The results from clustered regression showed that men provided and received less intergenerational support than women, but their depressive symptoms were more susceptible to living alone and different types of intergenerational support. Factors such as living alone, and receiving instrumental support were related to higher levels of depressive symptoms among Mexican American older men than among in their female counterparts, whereas emotional closeness with children was associated with lower level of depressive symptoms in men than in women. The findings can be used to develop and target a gender-specific approach for depression interventions among older Mexican Americans.

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