scholarly journals Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Dissotis rotundifolia Whole Plant Protects against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michael Buenor Adinortey ◽  
Charles Ansah ◽  
Benjamin Aboagye ◽  
Justice Kwabena Sarfo ◽  
Orleans Martey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Whole Plant

Dissotis rotundifolia is a plant in the family Melastomataceae. The methanolic extract of the whole plant is reported to be rich in C-glycosylflavones such as vitexin and orientin. Though there are several reports on the ethnomedicinal use of this plant extract in stomach ulcers, experimental-based data is unavailable. The drive for carrying out this research was to obtain data on the possible ameliorative effect of the whole plant extract of Dissotis rotundifolia (DRE) in gastric ulcerations induced by ethanol in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were pretreated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of DRE for 14 days after which an ulcerogen-ethanol was administered. Gross examinations of the stomach lining and histological analysis of gastric lesions were carried out coupled with an assessment of the antioxidant activity of gastric mucosa using MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD as indicators. The data suggested a significant attenuation in gastric mucosal damage in DRE-pretreated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer reflected in the antioxidant status. There was also a reduction or absence of hemorrhage, edema, and leucocytes infiltration in DRE-treated groups compared to the negative control group. DRE conserved glutathione (GSH) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme levels. The present study shows that DRE possess protective effects against ethanol-induced ulcer damage in the stomach of rats, which could be attributed to its antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Neuraminidase1 Inhibitor Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Suppressing Drp1-Dependent Mitophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Qin ◽  
Chao Lv ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Weibin Ruan ◽  
Xiangyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Fission ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Myocardial Apoptosis ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Cardio Protection

Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOX), are among the effective chemotherapeutic drugs for various malignancies. However, their clinical use is limited by irreversible cardiotoxicity. This study sought to determine the role of neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy and the potential cardio-protective effects of NEU1 inhibitor oseltamivir (OSE). Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into three groups: control, DOX, and DOX + OSE. NEU1 was highly expressed in DOX-treated rat heart tissues compared with the control group, which was suppressed by OSE administration. Rats in the DOX + OSE group showed preserved cardiac function and were protected from DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The beneficial effects of OSE were associated with the suppression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. In detail, the elevated NEU1 in cardiomyocytes triggered by DOX increased the expression of Drp1, which subsequently enhanced mitochondrial fission and PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy, leading to a maladaptive feedback circle towards myocardial apoptosis and cell death. OSE administration selectively inhibited the increased NEU1 in myocardial cells insulted by DOX, followed by reduction of Drp1 expression, inhibition of PINK1 stabilization on mitochondria, and Parkin translocation to mitochondria, thus alleviating excessive mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, alleviating subsequent development of cellular apoptotic process. This work identified NEU1 as a crucial inducer of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by promoting Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, and NEU1 inhibitor showed new indications of cardio-protection against DOX cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal damage and neurotransmitters in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced vomiting

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2436-2444
Author(s):  
Zhao Yang Liu ◽  
Wen Bo Xie ◽  
Ming Ru Li ◽  
Nan Teng ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Brain Tissues

Objective To investigate the effects of polaprezinc (PZ) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)- or cisplatin (DDP)-induced gastric mucosal injury and on a rat model of neurotransmitter-mediated vomiting. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were divided at random into Control, CTX, DDP, PZ+CTX, and PZ+DDP groups. After 20 days, brain tissues and sera were analyzed for the levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of stomach, intestine, and brain tissues were examined using light microscopy. Results The levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in brain and serum samples of rats treated with CTX or DDP were significantly increased compared with those of rats in the Control group. There was a significant decrease in these values in the PZ group. Moreover, PZ reduced damage to brain tissue caused by CTX or DDP. Conclusions PZ decreased the levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in blood and brain tissues caused by CTX or DDP and reduced the chemotherapy-induced damage to the small intestine, stomach, and brain. These findings can be translated to the clinic to enhance the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy.

COMPARISON OF TWO BIOMODELS (BALB/C MICE AND SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS) IN THE ALKALINE COMET ASSAY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (13-16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Francisco Arencibia Arrebola ◽  
Luis Alfredo Rosario Fernández ◽  
Yolanda Emilia Suárez Fernández ◽  
Alexis Vidal Novoa
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkaline Comet Assay ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

<p>This article had as objective to carry out a comparison between Balb/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats as biomodel in the alkaline comet assay, keeping in mind the basal frequency and that induced with Cyclophosphamide, the induction of single strand breaks (SSB) or alkali-labile sites formation on DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes. Ten animal/sex/species/group of Balb/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats were used, and treated for 14 days. Using a negative control group (not treated), two substance-vehicle controls and a positive control received cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. After two weeks the alkaline electrophoresis gel was performed for individual cells from leukocytes of peripheral blood to screen for possible DNA damage. The best biomodel in both sexes was the SD rats differing significantly with the results obtained in Balb/c mice keeping in mind the spontaneous and induced values of DNA damage. This study shows SD rats are a more efficient model for preclinical genotoxic evaluation of drugs, vaccines and natural products.</p>

scholarly journals The role of antioxidants and free radicals in the healing effects of Bacopa monniera on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sharma ◽  
Saurabh Chauhan ◽  
Punya Pratap Singh ◽  
Raj K. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacopa Monniera ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Whole Plant

Background: The aim to study and elucidate the healing effects of ethanolic extract of dried whole plant of Bacopa monniera against experimental colitis in rats.Methods: Bacopa monniera whole plant extract was administered orally, once daily for 14 days, to rats after induction of colitis with acetic acid. We studied its effects on: faecal output, food and water intake, and body weight changes and also examined colonic mucosal damage, inflammation and status of antioxidants: superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione; free radicals: nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation on 15th day of the experiment. Antibacterial activity of the extract was also studied using in vitro procedures. Statistical comparison was performed using either unpaired ‘t’ test or one -way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for multiple comparisons versus control group was done by Dunnett’s test.Results: Bacopa monniera whole plant extract decreased colonic mucosal damage, inflammation, faecal output and increased body weight in acetic acid induced colitis. It also showed antibacterial activity and enhanced the antioxidant but decreased free radicals. Acute toxicity study indicated no mortality or other ANS or CNS related adverse effects even with ten time effective dose indicating its safety.Conclusions: Bacopa monniera whole plant extract is safe, effective and could be beneficial as a complementary agent in treatment of ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals The Analgesic Effect of Aconitum Sinomontanum Nakai Pharmacopuncture in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Jung Hee Lee ◽  
Yun Kyu Lee ◽  
Hyun-Jong Lee ◽  
Jae Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Sd Rats

Background: Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai (ASN) has been reported to have analgesic effects. In this study an animal model of pharmacopuncture using ASN (100-500 mg/kg) was examined.Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned to ASN-Low (1 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-L), ASN-Intermediate (5 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-M), ASN-High (10 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-H), negative control (0.2 mL normal saline), and positive control (0.2 mL 0.5% lidocaine) groups. All experiments were administered to the rats’ left hind leg. The analgesic response was assessed by monitoring the physical (hot plate, and von Frey test) and chemical (formalin) responses to pain.Results: All ASN pharmacopuncture groups demonstrated significant differences in pain response to the hot plate test, von Frey test, and formalin test, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The response of the ASN-M group and ASN-H groups to the hot plate, the formalin, and the von Frey tests were significantly different, compared to the lidocaine group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: ASN pharmacopuncture had a significant analgesic effect on SD rats in response to physical and chemical models of pain.

Protective effects of ethanol extract of a Mexican propolis on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
DV Pilar ◽  
VVS Ibran ◽  
RC Mario ◽  
CA Octavio ◽  
MM Canales-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Protective Effects

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nyirenda ◽  
Gershom B. Lwanga ◽  
Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽  
David K. Chuba ◽  
Gibson M. Sijumbila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

scholarly journals Synergistic suppression of pre-perfusion of donor livers with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment on hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Chuanming Tong ◽  
Weitao Guo ◽  
Rong Pu ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Hyperacute Rejection ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Cobra Venom Factor ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To investigate synergistic suppression of donor liver pre-perfusion with recipient serum (RS) and cobra venom factor (CVF) treatment on hyperacute rejection (HAR) following liver xenotransplantation. METHODS: Guinea-pigs (GP, n=24) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, n=24) were recruited. Before transplantation, serum was collected from SD rats and used for preparation of inactivated complements. GP and SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6), respectively: RS group, CVF group, RS+CVF group and control group. Orthotopic liver xenotransplantation was performed with modified two-cuff technique. The survival time and liver function of recipients, morphological and pathological changes in rat livers were investigated. RESULTS: There was no piebald like change in the recipient livers in all experiment groups. The survival time of recipients in all experiment groups was longer than that in control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the survival time in the RS+CVF group was markedly longer than that in the RS group (p<0.01) and CVF group (p<0.05). The serum ALT level in all experiment groups were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the ALT level in the RS+CVF group was significantly lower than that in the CVF group (p<0.05) and RS group (p<0.01). The histological damages were significantly improved when compared with the control group, and the histological damages in the RS+CVF group were milder than those in the remaining groups (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Pre-perfusion of donor liver with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment can exert synergistic suppressive effects on the hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document