scholarly journals Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Khalid ◽  
Warda Saeed ◽  
Nosherwan Shoaib ◽  
Muhammad U. Khan ◽  
Hammad M. Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Wire Antenna ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This paper presents a quad-band, 3D mountable rectenna module for ambient energy harvesting. With the aim of powering up Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in practical ambient environments, a hybrid approach of combining power, both at RF and DC, is adopted using 98 MHz FM band, GSM900 (Global System for Mobile Communications), GSM1800, and Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz band. A dual polarized cross-dipole antenna featuring asymmetric slots as well as central ring structure enables multiband response and improved matching at the higher three frequency bands, whereas a loaded monopole wire antenna is used at the lower FM band. Four identical multiband antennas are placed in a 3D cubic arrangement that houses a 4-to-1 power combiner and matching circuits on the inside and the FM antenna on the top. In order to maintain stable rectenna output at varying input power levels and load resistances, a novel transmission line based matching network using closed form equations is proposed. Integrated in form of a 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 cube using standard FR4 substrate, the rectenna generates a peak output voltage of 2.38 V at −10 dBm input power. The RF to DC conversion efficiency is 70.28%, 41.7%, 33.37%, and 27.69% at 98 MHz, 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.4 GHz, respectively, at −6 dBm. The rectenna also exhibits a measured conversion efficiency of 31.3% at −15 dBm for multitone inputs in ambient environment. The promising results in both indoor and outdoor settings are suitable to power low power IoT devices.

scholarly journals Enhanced Broadband RF Differential Rectifier Integrated with Archimedean Spiral Antenna for Wireless Energy Harvesting Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mansour ◽  
Xavier Le Polozec ◽  
Haruichi Kanaya
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Spiral Antenna ◽  
Archimedean Spiral ◽  
5 Ghz

This work addresses the design and implementation of a broadband differential rectifier (DR) combined with an Archimedean spiral dipole antenna (ASDA) for wireless power harvesting at low incident power densities below 200 μ W/cm 2 . The proposed design exhibits an improved RF-DC conversion efficiency over a wide frequency range from 1.2 to 5 GHz. This frequency band is associated with several wireless communication services, for instance, ISM, WLAN, 5G, LTE, and GPS applications. The receiving planar ASDA exhibits circular polarization and has an average measured gain of 4.5 dBi from 1.2 to 5 GHz. To enable a wide operating bandwidth, the rectifier circuit is constituted by two architectures, designated A and B. Each scheme is designed to harvest power efficiently across a specific bandwidth. The optimal performance of both rectifiers are obtained using the nonlinear harmonic-balance simulations. The antenna–rectifier integration yields a compact rectenna with a high-efficiency performance over the intended bandwidth from 1.2 to 5 GHz for an input power of 9 dBm and terminal load resistance of 1 k Ω . The total measured RF-DC conversion efficiency is maintained above 30% across the entire frequency range with a peak value of 61% achieved at 1.2 GHz. In comparison with similar architectures, the proposed rectenna maintains a stable output efficiency despite the wide fluctuations in the input frequency and also has a minimum footprint size (58 × 55 mm 2 ).

scholarly journals Effect of Parallel Capacitor in Matching Network of RF Energy Harvesting Circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Pankaj Agrawal ◽  
Bharat Mishra ◽  
Akhilesh Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Matching Network ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Rf Energy

This paper is an outcome of a wide research on RF energy harvesting techniques presented so far along with the development and implementation of the new idea of using a matching network with and without including parallel capacitance. While working with variable signal power in RF energy harvesting there is always a problem with nonlinear behavior of rectifying diode in harvesting circuit, to overcome the same a variety of matching networks are proposed in this manuscript with the variable RF power along with the variable load. Simulation results shows that output has been achieved upto 1.8Volts with maximum power conversion efficiency up to 79% at -10 dBm input power. Experimental results represented DC output of 1.62 volts at a frequency of 900 MHz with -10 dBm input power. Optimization technique is used to select parameters value which maximizes output voltage and efficiency. Variation of load resistance and input power plays a major role in output voltage and conversion efficiency. Comparison of the same is also presented in this particular research paper.

Implementation of a Low Power Boost Converter in-line with a Rectifier for RF Energy Harvesting Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Manash Pratim Sarma ◽  
Pranjal, Barman ◽  
Kandarpa Kumar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Peak Efficiency ◽  
Percentage Conversion ◽  
Or Applications

With the growing requirement of RF coverage, harvesting and management of the associated power along with the conversion of energy into appropriate form is essential. It makes the design of relevant rectifier systems an important aspect. Attainment of a high percentage conversion efficiency (PCE) at lower input power, may not be enough if it is not supported by a DC-DC converter. A boost converter plays a significant role for managing the harvested energy for further utilization. This paper presents a simple, low power, high frequency boost converter for specific target storages or applications. It achieves a peak efficiency of 93% at a very low input power of -12dBm with the use of only two MOSFETs and for smaller value of inductance making the design feasible. Moreover it achieves a very good transient settling time of 5.5μs

scholarly journals Novel L-Slot Matching Circuit Integrated with Circularly Polarized Rectenna for Wireless Energy Harvesting

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Mansour ◽  
Haruichi Kanaya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Compact Size

Radio frequency (RF) power harvesting allows wireless power delivery concurrently to several remote RF devices. This manuscript presents the implementation of a compact, reliable, effective, and flexible energy harvesting (EH) rectenna design. It integrates a simple rectifier circuit with a circularly polarized one-sided slot dipole antenna at 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) frequency band for wireless charging operation at low incident power densities, from 1 to 95 μ W/cm 2 . The rectenna structure is printed on a single layer, low cost, commercial FR4 substrate. The integration of the rectifier and antenna produces a low-profile and high performance circularly polarized rectenna. In order to maximize the system efficiency, the matching circuit introduced between the rectifier and antenna is optimized for a minimum number of discrete components and it is constructed using multiple of L-slot defects in the ground plane. For a given input power of − 6 dBm intercepted by the circularly polarized antenna with 3 dBi gain, the peak RF-DC (radio frequency-direct current) conversion efficiency is 59.5 % . The rectenna dimensions are 41 × 35.5 mm 2 . It is demonstrated that the output power from the proposed rectenna is higher than the other published designs with a similar antenna size under the same ambient condition. Thanks to its compact size, the proposed rectenna finds a range of potential applications for wireless energy charging.

Design of an Energy Harvesting Rectenna for Low-Power Wireless Sensor

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3391-3394
Author(s):  
Lei Jun Xu ◽  
Chang Shuo Wang ◽  
Xue Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Energy Harvesting System

This paper presents the design of a compact 2.45 GHz microstrip rectenna for wireless sensors’ power supply. In energy harvesting system, the ambient RF energy can be collected by the rectenna and converted to direct current, therefore, it can be applied to the power supply of low-power wireless sensor. Voltage doubling rectifier circuit and T-type microstrip impedance matching network are applied to this rectenna to increase the output voltage and the rectification efficiency. The antenna is fabricatied ​​by using double PCB board (FR4), and it is optimized by ADS to achieve the best performance. The measurement results show that the rectifier can reach the highest conversion efficiency of 78% when the load resistance is 320 Ω and the input power is 18 dBm. It also greatly improves rectenna’s conversion efficiency at lower input power when the input power is-20 dBm, which has great practical value for supplying low power consumption sensors.

A self-powered ultra-low-power intermittent-control SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting

Circuit World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoda Wang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Yumei Wen ◽  
Zhichun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Intermittent Control ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Starting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Self Powered

Purpose Existing control circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) suffers from long startup time or high power consumption. This paper aims to design an ultra-low power control circuit that can harvest weak ambient vibrational energy on the order of several microwatts to power heavy loads such as wireless sensors. Design/methodology/approach A self-powered control circuit is proposed, functioning for very brief periods at the maximum power point, resulting in a low duty cycle. The circuit can start to function at low input power thresholds and can promptly achieve optimal operating conditions when cold-starting. The circuit is designed to be able to operate without stable DC power supply and powered by the piezoelectric transducers. Findings When using the series-synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit with a large 1 mF energy storage capacitor, the proposed circuit can perform 322% better than the standard energy harvesting circuit in terms of energy harvested. This control circuit can also achieve an ultra-low consumption of 0.3 µW, as well as capable of cold-starting with input power as low as 5.78 µW. Originality/value The intermittent control strategy proposed in this paper can drastically reduce power consumption of the control circuit. Without dedicated cold-start modules and DC auxiliary supply, the circuit can achieve optimal efficiency within one input cycle, if the input signal is larger than voltage threshold. The proposed control strategy is especially favorable for harvesting energy from natural vibrations and can be a promising solution for other PEH circuits as well.

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