scholarly journals Neuromuscular, Perceptual, and Temporal Determinants of Movement Patterns in Wheelchair Fencing: Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Borysiuk ◽  
Tadeusz Nowicki ◽  
Katarzyna Piechota ◽  
Monika Błaszczyszyn
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Intergroup Difference ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Accelerometer Signal ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Preliminary Study

The objective of the present study was to determine the structure of the movement pattern performed during a wheelchair fencing lunge that is executed in response to visual and sensory stimuli. In addition, a comparison was made between fencers in the categories A and B of disability. In addition, the analysis involved the correlation between the duration of the sensorimotor response and the value of the bioelectric signal recorded in selected muscles. Seven Paralympic team athletes specializing in wheelchair fencing (3 in category A and 4 in category B) participated in the research. The fencers perform at international level competitions and are multiple medalists of the Paralympic Games. In the study, a wireless system for sEMG and accelerometer signal measurement was employed to test the intervals between the initiation of the lunge attack and its termination defined by the touch of the weapon on the coach’s torso. The electrodes were placed on 9 key muscles responsible for the effectiveness of the executed attack: DEL, TRI, BC, ECR FCR, LD, and EAO. The significant intergroup difference in the muscle activation was found to be 0.333 s for category A fencers and 0.522 s for category A fencers at p=0.039 applies to the latissimus dorsi (LD LT) muscle, which demonstrates its significance as a postural muscle in the structure of the examined movement pattern. In terms of the values of EMG, a tendency for higher MVC (%) values in most muscles for category A competitors was recorded. The latissimus dorsi (DL RT) muscle with an intergroup difference of MVC-114.63 for cat. A and 67.50 for cat. B at p=0.039 turned out to play a significant role. The results prove the role of postural muscles: external abdominal oblique and latissimus dorsi on the effectiveness of the attacks executed in wheelchair fencing.

scholarly journals Role of muscle coactivation in adaptation of standing posture during arm reaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-547
Author(s):  
Alison Pienciak-Siewert ◽  
Dylan P. Horan ◽  
Alaa A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Arm Reaching ◽  
Postural Muscle

The ability to maintain stable, upright standing in the face of perturbations is a critical component of daily life. A common strategy for resisting perturbations and maintaining stability is muscle coactivation. Although arm muscle coactivation is often used during adaptation of seated reaching movements, little is known about postural muscle activation during concurrent adaptation of arm and standing posture to novel perturbations. In this study we investigate whether coactivation strategies are employed during adaptation of standing postural control, and how these strategies are prioritized for adaptation of standing posture and arm reaching, in two different postural stability conditions. Healthy adults practiced planar reaching movements while grasping the handle of a robotic arm and standing on a force plate; the robotic arm generated a velocity-dependent force field that created novel perturbations in the forward (more stable) or backward (less stable) direction. Surprisingly, the degree of arm and postural adaptation was not influenced by stability, with similar adaptation observed between conditions in the control of both arm movement and standing posture. We found that an early coactivation strategy can be used in postural adaptation, similar to what is observed in adaptation of arm reaching movements. However, the emergence of a coactivation strategy was dependent on perturbation direction. Despite similar adaptation in both directions, postural coactivation was largely specific to forward perturbations. Backward perturbations led to less coactivation and less modulation of postural muscle activity. These findings provide insight into how postural stability can affect prioritization of postural control objectives and movement adaptation strategies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle coactivation is a key strategy for modulating movement stability; this is centrally important in the control of standing posture. Our study investigates the little-known role of coactivation in adaptation of whole body standing postural control. We demonstrate that an early coactivation strategy can be used in postural adaptation, but muscle activation strategies may differ depending on postural stability conditions.

Suva Residents’ Views on Cancer, Diabetes and HIV in The Fiji Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Gounder
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Medical Responsibility ◽  
Grassroots Support ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Situated Approach ◽  
Significant Health

The burden of preventable diseases is increasing in the South Pacific Island Countries and Territories. In Fiji, significant media attention and national finances are spent on public dissemination of the modifiable risk factors of chronic illnesses. However, little is known about lay societal perceptions of chronic illnesses and of people living with these illnesses. This preliminary study takes an area-situated approach to lay knowledge and examines Suva residents’ moral evaluations associated with socially significant health concerns in Fiji. Using the case studies of HIV, cancer, and diabetes, the research employs content analysis to examine 144 Suva residents’ Letters to the Editor, published between 2000 and 2019 in The Fiji Times. The findings indicate that letter writers on chronic illnesses are power sensitive, interested in governmental responsibility, and aware of the role of stigma in creating inequitable health outcomes. The study’s findings locate chronic illness as not only a medical responsibility but also a social justice and human rights concern that requires a multisectoral approach, with community-tailored responses at the heart of all discussions. The lay-societal recognition of the three illnesses as being socially relevant suggests grassroots support for policies directed towards structural reforms for the prevention and management of these illnesses.

The role of manual therapy in complex medical rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Anna Dedurina
Keyword(s):  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Treatment Manual ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Manual Diagnostics ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Manual Examination

In recent years, manual therapy has been increasingly used. This was facilitated by the scientific justification of the method, wellestablished training of specialists, good results of manual diagnostics and therapy of patients. Manual medicine is a system of diagnostic and therapeutic manual techniques aimed at identifying and treating disorders of the musculoskeletal system, manifested in the form of functional joint blockages, hypermobility and regional postural muscle imbalance. In addition to nosological diagnosis, manual examination data are of great importance for successful treatment. Manual diagnostics is a method aimed at detecting disorders in the spine, muscles and joints, as well as ligaments of the human body. The main task of diagnostics is to establish a differential diagnosis between diseases of the spine and joints and other nosological forms. Timely manual diagnostics with the use of manual therapy technologies helps to increase the effectiveness of complex treatment and helps to avoid complications and disability at an early age.

scholarly journals Functional Gait Recovery after a Combination of Conventional Therapy and Overground Robot-Assisted Gait Training Is Not Associated with Significant Changes in Muscle Activation Pattern: An EMG Preliminary Study on Subjects Subacute Post Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Francesco Infarinato ◽  
Paola Romano ◽  
Michela Goffredo ◽  
Marco Ottaviani ◽  
Daniele Galafate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Functional Gait

Background: Overground Robot-Assisted Gait Training (o-RAGT) appears to be a promising stroke rehabilitation in terms of clinical outcomes. The literature on surface ElectroMyoGraphy (sEMG) assessment in o-RAGT is limited. This paper aimed to assess muscle activation patterns with sEMG in subjects subacute post stroke after training with o-RAGT and conventional therapy. Methods: An observational preliminary study was carried out with subjects subacute post stroke who received 15 sessions of o-RAGT (5 sessions/week; 60 min) in combination with conventional therapy. The subjects were assessed with both clinical and instrumental evaluations. Gait kinematics and sEMG data were acquired before (T1) and after (T2) the period of treatment (during ecological gait), and during the first session of o-RAGT (o-RAGT1). An eight-channel wireless sEMG device acquired in sEMG signals. Significant differences in sEMG outcomes were found in the BS of TA between T1 and T2. There were no other significant correlations between the sEMG outcomes and the clinical results between T1 and T2. Conclusions: There were significant functional gains in gait after complex intensive clinical rehabilitation with o-RAGT and conventional therapy. In addition, there was a significant increase in bilateral symmetry of the Tibialis Anterior muscles. At this stage of the signals from the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris caput longus (BF) muscles of each lower extremity. sEMG data processing extracted the Bilateral Symmetry (BS), the Co-Contraction (CC), and the Root Mean Square (RMS) coefficients. Results: Eight of 22 subjects in the subacute stage post stroke agreed to participate in this sEMG study. This subsample demonstrated a significant improvement in the motricity index of the affected lower limb and functional ambulation. The heterogeneity of the subjects’ characteristics and the small number of subjects was associated with high variability research, functional gait recovery was associated with minimal change in muscle activation patterns.

Effects of mobile phone use on brain tissue from the rat and a possible protective role of vitamin C – a preliminary study

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1044-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ergüder B. İmge ◽  
Bülent KiliçoĞlu ◽  
Erdinç Devrim ◽  
Recep Çetin ◽  
İlker Durak
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Preliminary Study

Role of Cl− currents in rat aortic smooth muscle activation by prostaglandin F2α

2003 ◽  
Vol 481 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihua Jiang ◽  
Peter H Backx ◽  
Hwee Teoh ◽  
Michael E Ward
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle

The Role of Witnesses in Humiliation: Why Does the Presence of an Audience Facilitate Humiliation Among Victims of Devaluation?

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110530
Author(s):  
Saulo Fernández ◽  
Tamar Saguy ◽  
Elena Gaviria ◽  
Rut Agudo ◽  
Eran Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Moderating Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recall Method ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Event Recall

We examined the role that witnesses play in triggering humiliation. We hypothesized that witnesses trigger humiliation because they intensify the two core appraisals underlying humiliation: unfairness and internalization of a devaluation of the self. However, we further propose that witnesses are not a defining characteristic of humiliating situations. Results of a preliminary study using an event-recall method confirmed that witnesses were as characteristic of humiliating episodes as of those that elicited shame or anger. In Experiments 1 and 2, we manipulated the presence (vs. absence) of witnesses when a professor devalued participants and the hostile tone of this devaluation. As hypothesized, in both experiments, witnesses indirectly increased humiliation via the appraisal of unfairness. Results of Experiment 2 revealed that the presence of witnesses also interacted with hostility, enhancing humiliation. As expected, this moderating effect occurred via the other key appraisal of humiliation (i.e., internalization).

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of PGA Fabric for Seromas at Latissimus Dorsi Flap Donor Sites

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e1499
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Itani ◽  
Akeo Hagiwara ◽  
Takahiro Hashimoto ◽  
Noritaka Isogai ◽  
Hirohisa Kusuhara
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Flap ◽  
Preliminary Study
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